جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « action pattern » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Greimas, as the most famous theoretician of "narrative semantics", believes that the structure of a narrative, like the structure of a sentence, has its own grammar. By presenting some models such as action pattern, narrative program, semantic square, etc., he tries to structure the relationships between the meaningful signs of a texte, so that we can understand the internal structures of the meaning of the text by transitioning from the surface structure to the deep structure. The narrativity is the main organizing principle of any discourse. Narrative semiotics aims to search for deep, inherent and stable structures in discourses that can be formally manifested at the surface of texts. In this research, by referring to Greimas's narrative semiotics and his famous models, we intend to examine the narrativity in the novel "If Only It Were True" by Marc Levy. Unlike other literary criticism approaches that search for meaning outside the text, the semiotic approach searches for the mechanism of meaning formation in the text itself and in the deep layers of the text.

Background of study:

In the field of semiotics, narratology and semantics, many studies have been done by researchers in the form of books and articles. Emphasizing the narrative aspect of Greimas's approach, Abbasi has analyzed Persian texts in the books "Samad: The Structure of a Myth" and "Applied Narrative". Sha'iri has done many and extensive studies in this field, among which the books "Semantic of Literature: The Theory and Method of Analyzing Literary Discourse" and several articles such as "From Structuralist Semiotics to Discourse-Semiotics", "A Study of Types of Discourse Systems From the Semiotic Point of View", "Semiotic Analysis of the Process of Recognition in Literary Discourse: A Case Study of Pacheh Khizak written by Sadegh Choubak ".Marc Levy's works have also been the subject of researches with different approaches of literary criticism, among them, we can mention the article by Hassan Zokhtareh and Martine Boyer-Weinmann entitled "A Study of Literary Success in the Contemporary Media Age, Case Study: She and He by Marc Levy". The authors of this article examine the reasons for the success of best-selling novels and successful authors. Ali Abbassi and Mitra Moradi have studied the beginning and end parts of Levy's novel in the article entitled "The Study of the Incipit and the Closure in All Those Things We Never Said by Marc Levy".

In this research, using the models presented by Greimas, we intend to investigate the narrativity in the novel "If Only It Were True", by the French author, Marc Levy. By conducting this study, we are looking for an answer to the question "how the narrativity as the organizing principle of the discourse has helped to create meaning and reflect the author's desired values". Our hypothesis in this research is that the text consists of a set of semiotic-semantic elements at the surface and deep structures, between which there are meaningful relationships. Therefore, the purpose of this researche is to study the action pattern, narrative program and semantic square in this novel in order to determine how these elements make the discourse meaningful.

The findings of this study show that in this novel we are not facing a simple set of narrative programs, but there is a set of narrative programs that go in parallel to each other, this indicates the complexity of the narrative course of the action subject. By examining the semantic square, we learn that although the actors are temporarily in the position of death, they eventually come out of it and return to life; This reflects the author's positiviste values.

The Character is one of the fundamental components of the story, and one of its approaches is activism. The action in the story is the same as the action of the character, and the use of each of these characters in the story requires special precision and tenderness, every writer can establish a deep connection with the reader and draw him into the heart of the story by using the characters correctly, and accompany him to the end of the story. This paper aims to analyze the characters of Suhar's novel Al Mustanga, which is one of the realist novels of this author, based on Grimas’s pattern of action, using a descriptive and analytical method. Grimas, under the influence of Propp, proposed his theory of narratology and his model of action is applicable in almost all literary genres. he proposed a model for the investigation of character actions in the story, which consists of 3 models: "actor/target", "active/active" and "active/anti-active" are formed. The findings of the research indicate that the characters of the novel have distinct value systems (love and betrayal, forgiveness and selfishness, revenge and benevolence, swamp and highway) according to Grimas's action model: Fouad as The actor character in the traditional atmosphere of the Egyptian society has moved on the way to reach his goal without any stagnation, and has set the action of the story and put other components of this model on the path of role-playing.

Character analysis in fiction has received special attention from critics and analysts of fiction in recent decades. Personality is part of the overall structure of a narrative and one of its aspects is activism. The action in the story and narrative determines the verb of the narrative character. Influenced by Propp, Greimas proposed his theory of narratology. His model of action in this theory can be applied in almost all literary genres, and this feature shows the flexibility and applicability of his model in examining the structural foundations of a text. The purpose and subject of this research is to study the characters of Ermiah's novel by Reza Amirkhani based on Greimas' action pattern. Greimas has designed a model for examining the character's character actions, which consists of three dual patterns: "actor / goal", "actor / actionable" and "friend / counter-actor". The results of the descriptive-analytical article indicate that the characters in this novel have significant value contrasts (war and anti-war). According to Greimas' action of pattern, Ermiah, as an active character in the field of imposed war and holy defense, has moved towards achieving his goal and has figured out the action of the story and put the other components of this pattern on the path of role-playing.

This survey attempts to demonstrate how the perception-sense process has been formed in the narration- process of One Thousand and One Nights via the study from Action Pattern and Semantic Square to Tension Square to find out how the function of story-into-story narrative structure in One Thousand and One Nights has passed from the Semantic Square and penetrated into the Tension Process, transformed the discursive condition, led to produce the fluid meanings and ultimately made up the tension of the Extensity and Intensity. In One Thousand And One Nights, everything has commenced from a deficiency. Emotional crisis that made Shahriyar as a vindictive actor, appeared due to the external oppression; but the narration process has begun by the presence of Sharzad as an intelligent narrator. Narration has displayed its function as elimination of deficiency via the presence of the narrator along with Shahriyar . The continual presence of narrator with her purposeful discourse has been suspending the abnormal condition, and the narration- process has led to semantic transcendence and created tension between the main actors. Disjunction from the revenge object and conjunction to the valuable object that have reprodued the relationship between Shariyar and his existence, clarifies a new movement and at last causes the transformation and reproduction of signs. Shahrzad has transformed the abnormal psychic condition of Shahriyar by means of the narrative language and ultimately, the injection of energy into the discursive space caused to change the stable and contracted situation into the redemptive situation .

Every work of art is a combination of structure and beauty. Aesthetic values ​​are in the role of the building blocks of a work of art, and a principled and purposeful structure can be used to apply them. The arrangement of aesthetic values ​​depends on the structure of the work; That is, a proper structure contributes to the relationship between aesthetic values. Narratology, as a science, strives to achieve clear narrative patterns. Propp and Garms are theorists who have defined narrative based on the actions of actors. The role model is one of the most important tools that provides semantic cues to critics. With the help of this model of action, it is possible to understand the presence or absence of internal coherence between narrative elements. Pirang is another important theoretical issue in the field of semantics and narratology with a constructivist approach and the most important part of a narrative and it can be considered as one of the most important elements related to the model of actors on which the coherence of the narrative structure depends. Weiss and Ramin is a Persian lyric poem that has always had a high place in Persian literature. In the present study, we have tried to establish this position by using Garms theory and by prescribing scientific frameworks.

Precedent, research goal This research is a descriptive-analytical method and the sources used in it are library documents. Babak Ahmadi (1991) in the book Structure and Interpretation of the text and (2017) the book from visual signs to the text took a big step in introducing the development of new approaches to narratology. Ahmad Okhot (1992) also tried to prove the compatibility of Persian literature with them by introducing the theories related to narratology by writing the book Grammar of the Story. Other authors such as Hamid Reza Shairi (2002) with the book Basics of Modern Semantics, Ali Abbasi (2016) with the book Applied Narrative and Mohammad Hadi Mohammadi and Ali Abbasi (2002) with the book Samad Structure of a myth in introducing this scientific approach and localization of this Theories have made a significant contribution. The purpose of this study is to prove the coherence of the plot and the narrative of Weiss and Ramin based on the structuralism of Propp and Garms.

This narrative consists of four action models, each of which is based on a plot. The first and second action models work in parallel in a contradictory relationship to achieve a goal and form an independent story. Following these plots, a new story begins with two other action models, both of which (in conjunction with Weiss and in conjunction with Ramin) operate in parallel; But the relationship between them is interactive and they advance the narrative to achieve a common goal. The plot on which these two narratives are based is the same. In Weiss and Ramin's narrative, we are faced with two types of plots: linear plots that follow each other and parallel plots that tell the story at the same time. These plots themselves fall into two groups of confrontation and interaction. In Weiss and Ramin, it can be seen that a fictional character is placed in the position of two actors. Sometimes these two positions of action have an interactive relationship with each other and move towards a goal; In the first plot, the target (viro) acts in the position of the actor, and in the second plot, the midwife appears in the position of the actor and the actor. This shows the importance of these fictional characters in the narrative; Because they take on the narration of an important part of the story and by being in two positions, they bring the most help to the active actor to reach the goal. In some cases, the actions of the actors change; That is, from the front of helping the active actor, they are transferred to the opposite front. As in action model First, the actor (city) has become a deterrent actor, and in action model second we see this change in city action. Given the material motivation of the city for this change of action, the most important feedback received from the analysis of his position in these models of action is the realization of his shaky personality and the sudden change of direction of the narrative. By summarizing the initial and final parts and devoting as much volume as possible to the middle part, the author has created a fit and a principle of uniformity that causes order and coherence in the story of Weiss and Ramin.

Weiss and Ramin's lyrical system is a narrative based on Grimas structuralist theory that has a complete structural pattern and narrative; Because in addition to having three initial, middle and final parts, the element of change is also seen in it. Also, based on the type of text that was chosen (narration), there is a kind of semantic coherence in it and no part of the anecdote is ineffective in advancing the flow of narration. This is a privilege that many literary works lack. Another feature of the story of Weiss and Ramin is the multiplicity of narrative syntax and plot in this work, which shows the complexity of the narrative. There is more than one plot in a long narrative of tricks that prevent the audience from getting bored and accompany him with the narrator. Despite the various narrative patterns in Weiss and Ramin, Weiss is a fixed point around which other elements revolve, which contributes to the coherence of the text. The result of the above results is the proof of the high position of Weiss and Ramin's system on the basis of a lawful and scientific system that responds to linguistic theories after nine centuries and has the ability to make the audience have a better reading based on scientific theories. 

Structuralism is an attempt to apply linguistic theory to non-linguistic subjects and activities. In this paper, the narrative of Zahak Mardush is examined based on the theory of Claude Bremond, the French structuralist narrator. Bremond considers sequence to be an essential element of narrative. His model is based on the dual approach of winning or not winning the champion. In this paper, the narrative has been analyzed by a descriptive-analytical method. After examining it, it was concluded that the narrative has a systematic design and has used the method of narration linearly.

Alger Das Julien Gremas Successful theorist in the field of narration And functionality is a narrative In order to examine different types of By providing definite patterns,He has done a lot of work These efforts have caused that He introduces the action model, the chains of narrative and the semantics of his semantics.In this study, we try to The structure of the story of "Firouz and Shahnaz"The work of Mohammad Sadegh Nazem, famous for Sadegha, Persian poet and singer of the 11th century AH in the Indian subcontinent,Based on the theory of Gremas. In addition to identifying the actors and the model of the system of validity,The narrative chain and the semantics of this story, and its degree of conformance to the model, are also analyzed.The result of this research The result of this research is descriptive and based on library studies.This is the story of "Firouz and Shahnaz", despite the apparent simplicity It has a structural and full validity And in the form of the theory of action, the verb chains and the semantic square of Gremas can be evaluated.

Development of story, using anecdotes and allegories, and in general “story within the story” are among the narrative features of Masnavi. From among the stories in Masnavi, the symbolic story of Daqooqi reveals Rumi’s great skill in developing story. In this story full of events, the main character is pictured by wonderful events he has been craving to happen for years. The present paper aims at studying the story of Daqooqi based on narrotological components and the constant motif and is conducted with content analysis method. Propp considers the constant and variable elements to be the minimum units of narration. The motifs changing the situation are called dynamic motifs and the ones undergoing no change at all are called static motifs. The results show hat searching and praying are the two main constant and recurrent elements of this story, in different layers of which images of fantasy and story-telling and physical aspects are revealed.