جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « loaning » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

This study aimed at investigating different strategies of loaning words from Turkish in colloquial Persian. To this end, colloquial Persian dictionary by Abolhasan Najafi was used for extrapolating Turkish or partly Turkish entries that were closely scrutinized. The results indicated that colloquial Persian implements loanwords from Turkish in three ways: 1. Combined loanwords in which the half of the relevant Turkish word is borrowed and combined with another half of the colloquial Persian word. The present study identified two types of this process including phonetic copying (Aleh va Bbaleh kardan) and making new words and combinations with Turkish words (aleshi). 2. Structural loaning that was found in two forms: firstly, in the form of short sentences that are used in colloquial Persian (Boo door ke var) and secondly grammatical forms in the form of descriptive phrases (yalanchi pahlevan) or noun adjuncts (khale ghezi). 3. Direct word loaning that is the most frequently observed process based on which Turkish words are used in colloquial Persian with no change in pronunciation or meaning (moshtologh), with changes in pronunciation and meaning (ayagh), only with pronunciation change (doostagh chi), or only with meaning change (yer be yer). Turkish loanwords are used in a variety of semantic fields including kinship, threat, foods and drinks, curses and insults, assault and battery, words pertaining to animals, clothes and related concepts, court and military, body parts, professions, and agriculture. In general, loaning processes from Turkish into colloquial Persian has led to verbal and semantic expansion and enrichment of Persian.

As a global phenomenon, loanwords are found in all languages. They could empower the target language, if being applied targetedly. Throughout the history, there have been vast linguistic relations between the Iranian province of Gilan and Russia. As a result of geographical proximity and long history of cultural, political, commercial, and military relations, many loanwords have entered the Gilaki dialect from Russian. Some of these loanwords could not be seen in the standard Persian language or other local dialects. In This paper, using Gilaki glossaries we will list Russian loanwords and will categorize them into: 1- loanwords which are not exclusive to the Gilaki dialect and could be seen in Persian language or other dialects. 2- loanwords that exclusively exist in the Gilaki dialect. Writing down the Russian equivalent for each loanword, we will also transcribe each one. Furthermore, the semantic, phonetic, and syntactic changes after transmission to the target language will be analyzed. The goal of this research is to introduce and explain the general process of word Borrowing in Gilaki. Studying the loanwords, we come to this conclusion that Borrowing mostly happens in lexical terms. The lion’s share of the loanwords is used in the everyday life of Gilak people and they rarely experience intensive semantic changes.