جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "patience" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Persian and Arabic literature are precious treasures of wisdom and literacy. The existing moral and humanity-related concepts in these two types of literature are originated in Islamic and Quranic culture as well as cultural heritage of Iranian in the pre-Islamic period. The concept of patience is one of the most predominant concepts in Islamic, Arabic, and Persian culture which has been taken into account by sages, poets, and speakers from multiple aspects including; the provided advice for patience, effects and results of patience, types of patience, etc. The evident point is, Persian literature has pursued Arabic and Islamic literature since in descriptive and explanatory Persian literary texts such as Golestan, Bostan, Diwan Hafez, Diwan Nasser Khosrow, Masnavi, etc., multiple signs of Arabic literature can be found. While the theme of patience existed in Iran before Islam, the signs and clues, respecting this particular theme, can be found in ancient Arabic literature. The purpose of the current research is to introduce a part of ancient Persian culture and literature that has been neglected by many experts and commentators of Persian literary texts. As the results have depicted, Iranians were familiar with this theme before Islam, the related interpretations of this theme have penetrated Arabic literature and, then, they have become the source of many literary interpretations </em>afterwards

Contemporary man has various psychological problems. In recent years, some psychologists in the field of positive psychology have shown an interest in spirituality to solve these problems. Iranian-Islamic mysticism, a well-known spiritual tradition emerged in the form of literary texts, refers to the sublime knowledge that can be gained in the light of new psychological instructions and the new conclusions and comparisons made between them. The study of literary prose texts in which mystical experiences and spiritual dimensions of humanity are reflected can provide psychologists with some objectives and empirical achievements. One of the topics that can be compared between these two areas is "patience". The study aims to study the characteristics of mystical status of patience in the mystical texts of Persian literature as well as the status of patience from the perspective of psychology and its practical consequences in today's human life. The study also compares these results in terms of meaning and application. This study follows a new approach to mystical literary texts based on the practical foundations of mystical instructions and shows some of its similarities with psychiatric therapeutic approaches in the field of mental health, which can differentiate it from previous studies.

In recent decades, a branch of psychology has focused on spirituality and positivism to identify better ways to achieve mental health (Mirmahdi et al., 2017). New research has shown that there is a very strong relationship between spirituality and inner peace or mental health (West, 2015). One of the most important mental problems of the human being, especially in the present age, is anxiety, depression, lack of peace of mind and cardiac reassurance. Psychologists have explored the positive and practical effects of patience, one of the best ways to achieve the inner peace in human life. On the other hand, Islamic-Iranian mysticism is a well-known ancient tradition in the field of spirituality. Mystical spiritual instructions in mystical literary texts reveal the spiritual abilities of man. One of the most important mystical themes is "patience", with the realization of many other human-like traits in one's being. This article attempts to compare the definitions and characteristics of "patience" in the mystical view of its practical application in life with the function of "patience" in today's positive psychology and its impact on the treatment of mental illness. In mysticism, with the realization of "patience," many other human-like traits emerge in individuals. "Patience" is the mystic's acceptance of God's judgment and acceptance of adversity, without the objection that comes only through human attention to God and emerges in difficult and happy times and also in personal situations and social relationships. In positive psychology, "patience" is also associated with various themes that show the practical functions of "patience" in coping with stress and improving psychological conditions. In this area, increased spiritual tendencies give people the skills, abilities, and "patience" to realize that they are less affected by adverse conditions. The similarity of the subject of "patience" in mysticism with its various meanings in psychology in mystical texts can be explored and retrieved.

The research method is bibliographic and searching for sources related to the subject of this research. All sources in which the mystical and divine theories about the status of "patience" are taken are taken. The information provided is analyzed and categorized in a theoretical and systematic way, thus formulating and adjusting the theoretical foundations of patience. On the other hand, psychology research and research in the field of patience are studied and analyzed. Its data are analyzed and cohesively categorized. Finally, the results are compared and compared in the mystical literary texts and psychology and their similarities and differences are identified and explained.

Mental health professionals began the year with the development of spiritual mental interventions. This incorporates spiritual resources into clinical "practice" and raises the issue of positive mental health with important implications for the benefits of spirituality in people's lives to achieve mental peace, happiness and life satisfaction. This branch of psychology called "positive and spiritual psychology" relies on the influence of inner purity for the treatment of external diseases. In this field, spirituality is a process that paves the way for practical efforts to help individuals improve their well-being. Mystical instructions have attracted the attention of positive psychologists and psychiatrists due to the introspection and healing of psychological suffering in the shadow of spiritual affairs. By using the mystical practice, the techniques and methods of practicing spirituality appear in the presence of individuals to lead a happy and desirable life. In this position, the human loses the state of suffering and if he has a complaint, he will only return the complaint to God. The subject of "patience" in positive psychology has also many practical functions that emerge in a variety of situations, including coping with stress, having success in life, and maintaining balance. Spiritual tendencies help to make "patience" in these situations. Mystical studies of "patience" show the link between the mystical practice and empirical practice of attaining this position through the spirit of spirituality with the theories of psychologists in the field of spirituality and happiness. These parallels can be found in the topics of "beautification and resilience" in psychology and the Gospels of spiritual Mathnawi.

One of the most important authorities in mystical literary texts is "patience", with the realization that many other human-like traits emerge in the individual. In research on psychology, one of the ways to achieve inner peace is "patience", which has an effective role in providing mental health, enhancing the sense of satisfaction and acceptance in people and preventing mental disorders. Coping with stress and having success in life are the applications of "patience" in human life. In comparing the concept of "patience" in mystical and psychological texts, it is concluded that some mystical definitions and interpretations of "patience" are closely related to the concepts of this subject in the field of positive psychology. Common concepts of "patience" in the two fields of mystical literature and psychology, for example, are found in some passages containing the concept of "patience" in Rumi's Masnavi. Rumi's spiritual instructions on the subject of "patience" are in harmony with the debates in positivist psychology, including "beauty and resilience". Thus, it seems that the knowledge of psychology in our country can be used as a tool for sampling and reaching useful results by referring to literary and mystical texts on spiritual issues.

Due to different political, social and intrinsic reasons, contemporary poets have made use of symbols as artistic tools to express their own experiences. Among them, Shathel Taqa , as one of the pioneers of modern Iraqi poetry, has applied different historical, literary, and Islamic and religious symbols in his poems. With a descriptive and analytical method, the present article studies the characteristics of Job (AS) in two ballades by Taqa entitled "Job triumph" and "Job concerns". Job (As) is famous for bearing hardships, showing patience in the face of adversity and being thankful to Almighty God and these characteristics of him have been used in contemporary poetry. The results show that Distressed social and political situation in Iraq and the Arabic world and the physical condition of the poet himself have had a dramatic effect on his spirit and have made him resort to Job’s character to express the concerns and worries of himself and other people. Job’s character is manifested in different ways in Taqa’s poems, including Job as a symbol for patience, Tammuz, the oppressed Palestinians, the Palestinian, Job concerns and etc

Wisdom is an expressing tool which poets denote in their innate experiences or routine behaviors. They further utilize wisdom to express their mentality and view points and transfer them to people in their tribe، bazaar or in special ceremonies. Yazji is among those contemporary poets who widely made use of wisdom specially patience so that made his best to develop it. Yazji has promoted the dignity of patience and has motivated people to exercise patience. He considers patience as the best device against the difficulties ant life complexities. This Lebanian poet argues that patience preserves the spirit from sadness and enmity and further provides full security and health for the spirit so that changes the difficulties into easiness. Yazji believes that patience intends to fulfill wishes after one has failed to achieve success because God has promised the best for those who exert patience. Yazji has been widely influenced by Quran، Prophetic Narratives and Motenabbi who one of the famous poet and wisdom in classical epoch of Arabian literature. His ability in wisdom and patient is very easy and transportable، so those whom eager to study his works haven’t any problems and difficulty.

Contemporary Arab poets have started to recall classic and especially religious figures in their poems to present experiences and ideologies, to rescue the poetry from reportage state and also to enhance their own poetry. The reason why they make use of these religious figures in their poetry is their potential implications and their compatibility with poet’s own current experiences. Poets also make use of these figures to convey their intellectual concepts in a symbolic form. The present study tries to investigate the presence of the prophet Job in contemporary Arabic poetry. In this regard, we first take a glance at personal features of the prophet Job from the perspective of Quran and Old Testament, then from the perspective of three contemporary Arab poet’s approach, namely Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, Mahmoud Darwish, Abd al-Aziz al-Maghaleh, to see how they represent this religious figure in their poetry. The result shows that Job in the contemporary Arabic poetry is an indication of their individual and social concerns.

Moral qualities have been artistically taught in didactic literature. “Patience” is a typical humane quality and also a great human trait which has been dealt with in Persian poetic and prose literature in excellent forms and deep themes. Being patient to achieve a goal is a type of persistence and waiting for achieving that goal. It is a concept which has been posed in our religious teachings and has been paid attention in three levels: moral, religious and humanity by Persian literary eminent figures such as Ferdosi and Saadi and also philosophically by Khaje Nasireddin Tousi and others. It has also been mirrored in moral and mystical written works of literary figures such as Sanaei, Attar, Molavi, Ezoddin Kashani, Hafez and Jami with very meager differences. Here we aim at dealing with some of typical poetic and prose works which focused on this theme (patience) and clarify the point by studying examples of patience in mystical, didactic literary texts.