جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « propp » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Myths, as one of the essential components of popular literature, encompass culture and its dimensions, including the thoughts, beliefs, customary and ethical rules, as well as the perspectives and worldview of society. They convey a significant portion of the culture of nations to future generations through written and oral forms, utilizing simple and comprehensible language and tone. Women, as part of the human community, have always played an active role in the realm of myths, engaging in behaviors that are either performed by them or attributed to them. These actions are referred to in Propp's model as "functions," and the totality of these functions reflects the image of women in the myths of a nation. The present writing aims to descriptively and analytically examine the image of women and their functions in Kurdish myths, drawing on Vladimir Propp's model, and to explore the roots and factors influencing societal attitudes toward women from this perspective using library resources. Based on the research findings, women in Kurdish myths appear in roles such as daughter, wife, mother, maidservant, old woman, stepmother, neighbor, mother-in-law, aunt, and so on, with frequency order according to their presence. In terms of functions and roles, they perform as malevolent, heroines, princesses, false heroes, benefactors, senders, and helpers. The role of "daughter" has the highest frequency among the characters in Kurdish myths, while "malevolence" ranks as the most frequent function, indicating the society's negative perception of women and their behaviors.

This article explores the semiotic approach, as a post-structuralist method, for analyzing folktales, with a specific focus on the story of "Haji Luva'as." In contrast to the structuralist approach, which primarily examines fixed and variable elements, as well as the thirty-one functions and seven spheres of action, the semiotic approach, particularly rooted in Greimas-2, delves deeper by considering the underlying meanings and concepts. This approach illustrates how the semiotic square becomes evident in the narrative syntax on the surface level. Subsequently, these deep and surface structures are realized in discourse syntax, contributing to the development of discursive meaning. Greimas-2 aims to construct discursive meaning through semiotic analysis while acknowledging the limitations of structuralist semiotics, viewing them as "meaning deficiencies." This article seeks to provide an analytical and explanatory response to the question of what unique characteristics the semiotic approach brings to the examination of folktales and how it differs from a purely descriptive and structuralist approach.

The famous formalist, Vladimir Propp, began the structural analysis of the folkloric stories in 1928 by investigation 100 Russian stories. His model in recent years was studied as one of the common methods of structural analysis of the nation’s stories. Since the Azerbaijani stories, such as folklores with their great and rich precedence, have not investigated structurally, we have tried to study these stories with structural patterns. To do so, ten Azerbaijani Local legends from Samad Behranghi and Behrooz Dehghani selected and edited from Azarbaijani Legends Book and then they were analyzed according to Vladimir Propp theory. In this research, repetition, omission, lack of succession of the functions are obvious and 6-pair related to the studied stories were obtained which do not show complete compatibility with Propp theory. However, by achieving 29 functions from 31 Propp functions, it can found conformity of Propp theory with Azerbaijan legends.

Story analysis is the newest method of literary research. It has been the focus of scholars' attention. Many articles such as Comparative Literature by Jafar Hamidi, a faculty member of Shahid Beheshti University, a comparative study of the "design" element in ancient and modern Iranian and world fiction by Mansoureh Sharifzadeh, a faculty member of the Institute of Humanities and the Ministry of Science, have been published in the Journal of Comparative Literature. The formalist method, which led to the school of structuralism, was effective in the research of scholars. The influential figure of the formalist method is Vladimir Propp. Obama studied fairy tales in an attempt to break the story down into the smallest structural unit (thirty-one selfies) and relate it to the whole story. Prop method is the best way to analyze and classify the structure of their epic stories. This article examines the diagram of Propp's work and his method in the story of Alexander and Dara's military honor to determine the extent to which Propp's theory fits into this story. The result of the study shows that the story can be examined with the morphological works of Propp. The story is a movement from balance to imbalance to the final catastrophe. "Achieving" and "failing" are the two basic actions of the story that Alexander seeks to achieve justice and to some extent achieves the position of a prophet. The water of life does not reach the narcissism of the story (conflict and victory); (Conflict and failure).

Leyli and Majnoun, as well as Khosrow and Shirin are famous stories that have been composed into verses by many poets. Amir Khosrow Dehlavi and Nami Esfahani are the poets who versified these two stories commensurate with their own time and place conditions, and also made changes to the main poem composed by Nizami. This research aims to investigate the characterization of these versified stories using the Propp’s Theory and comparing key characters with each other.

For this bibliographical research based on Vladimir Propp’s theory, the descriptive-analytical methodology was adopted for conducting this research.

Characteristically, Khosrow, Shirin, Leyli and Majnun are all subjects to the conditions of their time. Little change has been made in the storyline with similar characters. In these four versified stories, the main plot of the story is a fixed one, with only some elements of the story being changed, eliminated or added. The introduction of characters is mostly done by direct description, interaction between characters and their conversations.

Khosrow and Ghais are both heroes that confront their rivals and obstacles. The motivator of Khosrow in Amir Khusrow’s narrative poems, is Shapour, whereas in Nami’s version, vise speakers considered as dispatchers motivate Khosrow. In both narrative poems, Shapour, Nakisa and Barbod are the helpers. The dispatcher of Ghais is his drive; his helpers cannot be of any help to him as obstacles are more powerful. There is villain in Khosrow-Shirin narrative poems whereas there are none in Leyli-Majnun but obstacles. Female characters in all four narrative poems are morally more realistic than male figures as the formers are depicted more resilient to difficulties and love melancholia. Among male characters, only Khosrow has a negative characteristic (he is a player) and has a less authoritative character in Nami’s version as he doesn’t show patience towards Shirin’s love. Majnun is weak and helpless towards love melancholia and is unable to tolerate it and dies. Both Amir Khusrow and Nami give Leyli more freedom of action as a consequence of their life condition and have both depicted a more detailed relationship for Leyli and Majnun, which is different from Nizami’s original version.

Narratology is one of the new fields attentioned by literature criticizers and researchers in recent decades.Veladimir Propp,the Russian theorist, as one of the most important narratology theorist has presented his narrative patterns with publishing his famous book, Morphology of the Folktale, in 1928. Soleyman Isa and Mehdi Moradi,Syrian and Iranian contemporary poets, in their books, My Village Naeirieh and The Clock without Tik Tak, are employed some narrative techniques effectively. This study aims to investigate comparstively the use narrative techniques in previously mentionening books. This article attempts to consider the narrarive twchniques in mentioned books with regard to Propp's narratology theory based upon a descriptive-analytic method. The study also takes a brief look to the biography of poets and then provide some materials rekated to narration and Propp's narràtolgy theory. Study shows that the poets are familiar with the perseption of their addressees and know how to dedicate narrative techniques to poetry, because of their ability to poetry writing.

Stories and legends of literature are part of the cultural heritage of each nation, which determines the traditional and cultural values of every society. First step of the analysis of stories and anecdotes, must be the study of constituent elements of them, then discovery of the relationships between these elements and the process of the story. This type of study and analysis is useful for each story of the classical, narrative, and fiction literature and covers all societies. In the current study, which was conducted using descriptive and content analysis methods, the lyrical and romantic story of Rana va Ziba written by Mirza Barkhurdar Farahi has been studied according to Vladimir Propp's morphological theory, that classified into; stages of the early situation, creating problems, trick, combat, come back, and wedding; Moreover, while analyzing the thirty-one functions that is considered by Propp in this story, we figured it out that the most frequent performance in this story are the supportive element, the decision that protagonist of the story made, and also the defiance .this story contains three misfortunes and calamity, and eliminating of them, that base on those the three comebacks and transfers happen to the main heroes of the story.

Today, the study of narrative works in terms of form and structure is considered as an important issue in the field of narrative studies. At the beginning of the twentieth century, contemporary critics and theorists, including Vladimir Propp, Grimas, Todorov, Philip Hamon and others, offered differing views on the concept of narrative personality and its functions.  Propp, one of the most important Russian formalists, made a new breakthrough in the functions of narrative characters. Examining fairy tales, he came to the conclusion that these stories have thirty-one functions and seven types of characters, all of which have a special connection with the main theme of the story. Propp believed that there was an inseparable connection between the apparent structure and the theme of each story, and that, in general, every story theme is achieved through the connection between its details and its functional components. Even today, some narrative scholars believe that, by shifting Propp's functions and eliminating others, Propp's theory can be applied to all stories, including Arabic stories. Using his method in the study of the literature of nations, aspects of the art of storytelling, one realizes that it has been neglected in traditional criticism.  In addition, some theorists such as Dundz believe that Propp's analysis should be used to delve into the structure of literary formats such as novels and plays, comics, cinematic storytelling, and the like.  The story "Beirut's Tavahin" by Lebanese author Tawfiq Youssef Awad is one of the political-ideological Arabic novels that deals with issues such as protesting the unrest caused by the Lebanese civil war and racial discrimination in that country.  The character element, as one of the main elements of this story, has a colorful role in conveying the themes desired by the author. Considering the theme and the structure of the story of "Tavahin Beirut" in terms of the function of the characters, this paper intends to analyze the story based on Propp’s method in order to shed light on the new features and the dimensions of the characters introduced in this story.   The present study uses the descriptive-analytical method to examine the adaptation of Propp's method regarding the performance of the characters in the story of "Beirut Tavahin" by Yousef Awad.   After the story "Beirut's Tavahin" is examined based on Propp's approach, the answers are found to two research questions. Regarding the extent and the way the character works from Propp's point of view in the story of Tavahin Beirut, it can be said that although this story is similar to the structure of fairy tales in terms of narrative construction, character function and some formal features, only nineteen character functions can be considered sequentially. These functions include Absence, Prohibition, Deficiency, Violation, Linker moment, Decision making, Departure, Informing, The first giving function, Hero's reaction, Hard work, Trick, Evil, Complicity, Hero's location, Conflict, Pursuit, Liberation, Punishment, and Deformation of the hero. To interpret how these functions are presented in the story, it can be said that the arrangement of the characters' functions in this story is very different from their arrangement in fairy tales. As in this story, several functions occur in common.  For example, the functions of "violation of prohibition, connecting moment, decision-making, departure", "deception, evil, complicity" and "liberation, punishment" are intertwined due to the structural feature of the story. Moreover, the order of most of these functions is not in accordance with Propp's intended functions, and sometimes one function is manifested earlier and sometimes later than the other functions. The ending of the story is also different from fairy tales; the hero marries at the end of the fairy tale as a result of trying to do something difficult. However, the protagonist in the story of Beirut not only remains unmarried but also thinks of realizing his intellectual and political beliefs. In the analysis of the story, the second research question to answer was on how the seven roles of the character considered by Propp in the story. According to the course of events in the story, only three roles of "hero, villain and helper" match Propp's criteria. These three roles actually contribute to the realization of those nineteen functions. According to the results obtained from the analysis of the story of Beirut based on Propp's approach, the line of the story development can be summarized as follows: He is disturbed by the hero and his encounter with the villain. Then, at the end of the story, the original balance returns and the protagonist achieves self-consciousness by defeating the evil, finds his destiny and becomes a steady revolutionary. Therefore, in this story as well, according to Propp, the change of situation or event appears as a fundamental element in the narrative.

Problem statement: Anecdotes form a major part of mystical poetry and prose texts. Anecdote and story are a kind of narrative forms that are passed down among the people. In the meantime, the anecdotes of the spiritual Masnavi are an infinite sea of infinite human experiences. Research

This paper analyzes the story of “The King and Kennizak “ based on Propp morphology to find out how Propp functions are presented in Masnavi stories and whether Masnavi narrations have similarities with normal narrations or not. Purpose of research: This paper aims to analyze the story of “The King and Kennizak” of Masnavi based on Propp’s view , and the ability to adapt this story to Propp’s model.

The results of present study show that the narration “The King and the Kennizak “ is a two- movement narration consisting of 21 functions and two auxiliary elements (initiating scene and discussion). The first movement of story has 16 functions starting with villainy and ends with victory function. The second movement consists of 5 functions starting with the function of Kennizak need and ending with marriage. Lack function with three frequencies has the highest frequency in the narration and then, meditation, donator action and delivery are repeated twice and the rest of functions can be found just once. Generally, the results of study show that with a few shifs in the order of functions and elimination of some of the others, we can extend Propp’s view about Masnavi stories.

The investigation of basic narrative structures which were followed regularly between formalists and structuralists in twentieth century, has a salient role in literary researches. Among formalists, Vladimir Propp’s theory, manifested in the book “Morphology of Folktale”, can be mentioned as the first attempt in theorizing narration that later attracted French narrative structuralists' attention. By utilization of Propp method, it was revealed that final narrative structure could be determined. This method in which the functions of narrative design were taken into consideration, was changed in Greimas’s and Bremond’s works. By studying structural semantics and continuing Propp’s researches, Greimas could present actantial model. Also Bremond whose works were based on Propp’s view, completed and revised his opinion according to Propp’s theory. In the present study, by using descriptive-analytical method, Greimas’s and Bremond’s narrative viewpoints will be compared with Propp’s opinion. Then it will be represented how Greimas and Bremond, applied Propp’s perspective as a source for reflecting their comprehensive theories.

Asrar-al-Tawhid book was composed on the basis of mystical behavior instruction and in the form of storytelling. Mohammad Monavvar made mystic instructions of Sheikh Abou Saeed attractive and digestible for his audience by expressing them in the form of effective and enjoyable tales.The morphology is defined as tale description based upon its components and interrelation of these particles between each other and the whole narrative work. The most important case study in morphology is to find fixed functions in fiction. Asrar-Al-Tawhid by Mohammad Monavvar is one of the fundamental Sufi biographic books which due to its numerous allegories can be studied in structural-morphological method. In this thesis, based on Propp’s morphological pattern, we have proceeded a morphological explanation of allegories in this book; and we have attempted (with a structural point of view, and by means of morphology in Asrar-Al-Tawhid stories) to study the Mohammad Monavvar’s technique in storytelling and measure his allegories’ success in having influence on readers. By analyzing its functions, we have reached a substantiated generalizations. The morphological analysis of Asrar-Al-Tawhid by highlighting the functions around Mohammad Monavvar’s instructions, looks at didactic literature through a structural point of view. It shows that how the functions of denial, munificence, evolution and repentance actuate the narration to author’s purposeThe denial of Abou Saeed’s opponents brings complication into existence, Abou Saeed’s generosity is the climax, and the dissenters’ evolution is its denouement..

In order to explore the smallest structural units, structuralists analyze the inter- related and contrastive relations among texts’ constituents. In this study, the authors seek to investigate and criticize the structure of “Head” Folk Tale – from Khorram Abad – based on Vladimir Propp Morphological model. To this end and at first and by analyzing and investigating tale’s protagonists, the authors have discussed the structuralist approach and Vladimir Propp’s morphological model. This story is composed of two movements and two types of heroes: the hero - victim and the hero- searcher. The general structure of the story with a small number of displacements corresponds to the Propp morphological pattern. The last function of this story is totally different from the last function proposed by Propp. According to the main objective of structuralism which investigates the hidden layers of phenomena; in the end of this article, the authors have tried to analyze the most important contents such as fatalism, zurvanism, virgin birth , the natural son, and abandoned child

Abstract One of the best and most accurate methods of classifying and analyzing the structure of stories, is Propp's morphological pattern; Propp came to conclusion that fables may seem to be various yet share some kind of unity and similarities, by studying the Russian fairytales. In the present paper have been chosen three stories: Tiztan, Taqdir (destiny) 1 and Tamti, from Fables of Iranian People by Aliashraf Darvishian to be studied under an Descriptive analytical approach based on Propp’s morphological pattern and the modality of adapting this theory; to identify the overall structure, governing rules, authorities and the actions of the story. This study shows that Propp’s pattern is applicable on the three chosen stories of “Fables of Iranian People’; from the 31 authorities Propp says, 28 are used in these stories; with the difference that the number of Tales component has been reduced and new evidence has been found in any function. In addition, in studied stories actions directly follow up each other and Tiztan story is starting with two actions that shares the same end

Propp in the study on hundred Russian folk-tales, noted that characters’ function is the smallest structural narration’s unit and formulated, by analyzing functions, the structure of fiction’s plot and the narrative actions’ system. Therefore, he remarked statements about basic structure of fairy-tales and their classification. According to Propp’s theory, current research, first, evaluate efficiency of his pattern in battles narration’s structural explanation in "Darya-ye asmar" between Suryaprabha and Shrutasharman, related to sovereignty of Vidyadharas, and battles in "Shah-nama", related to the revenge of Siavash’s martyrdom and Key-Xosrow’s utopian kingdom. then it compares analyzed structure of these battles’ narration. After analyzing the stories, seems that pattern of Propp’s theory presents an adequate explanation of the narrative structure of these stories’ functions, which accompanied with suggestions for more appropriate theory’s usage. This pattern reveals the homology of basic structure and, furthermore, shows the similarity of some internal relations between the functions in narration of mentioned battles in the books above. Also, in some cases, there are dissimilarities in some details of these narrations, that could be regard as the India and Iran’s cultural diversities, which roots in the formation of narration’s background, reflect in diagram of the functions.

 Vladimir Propp (1895-1970), the Russian scholar, analyzed a lot of the Russian folk tales and recognized common themes within. He broke down the stories into “morphemes” and documented 31 elements or narrative units that contained the structure of so many of the stories. Propp gave each element a symbol, thus allowing a story to be described by a series of those symbols. He broke up fairy tales into parts. Through these parts he could organize the tale into a series of sequences that took place within the Russian fairytale. Typically there is an initial situation, after which the tale usually takes the following thirty one functions. Propp concluded that all the characters could be set on into seven extensive character functions in the 100 tales he analyzed. This paper, explores “Gol and Nowruz” which is an adventurous and exciting tale of Persian literature; the tale is Nowruz’s quest to find his beloved “Gol”. For this purpose the paper, an introduction of morphology and “Gol and Nowruz” have been outlined then the tale has been analyzed in the light of Propp's patterns in order to determine to what extent this tale is in parallel with Vladimir Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale. Considering the motion sequences in each of Propp’s the expansions, and comparing it with the interpretation of the tale, it is recognized that the sequence of functions are not in complete parallel. In the analysis of the tale, we come across with seven movements; a search begins, hero moves first to find his beloved (a), but before reaching to her, the second movement, type (H and M), the third movement (H), the fourth movement (H), the fifth movement (M), the sixth movement (H), and the seventh movement (M), occur. The hero solves the problems and moves from one stage to the next and finally achieves his purpose. It is revealed that the lines of the tale do not meet the Propp’s paterns and it is not in parallel with it completely, because, encountering the problems, the desires and motivations of the characters are different; and it is the most significant factor why there is a difference between the tale and Propp's pattern of movements. However it is significant that all extensions of Prop’s classifications can be traced in the tale.  Comparing the narrative line of the tale with Propp’s patterns we can find that the tale has the 28 functions, out of the 31 Propp's functions, in common with Propp's functions, and we can conclude that this tale is consistent with the patterns of Prop. Prop concludes that all the characters could be resolved into 7 broad character functions in the tales he analyzed and have done the the same here: The villain and The false hero (the Dragon of Roman Empire, Shebel Zangi, Farrukh Rooz with his army and the storm of magic). The dispatcher (Shervin), the helper and the donor (Mehran, Yagoot, Bakht Afrooz, the Old Priest), the princess or prize (Gol), the hero (Norooz). The paper explores the characters’ tendencies which can be interesting too.

Structuralism and narratology are approaches which can be used in literary studies. Structuralism, in its Proppian and classic form, is normally applied in studying ancient texts, myths and folktales. However, such approaches can also be employed for investigating works from the last two centuries, such as works by Edgar Allan Poe. Propp proposes thirty one functions and seven actors which are similar and frequently used in Russian folktales. This paper investigates similar functions in selected tales of Allen Poe Tales – ''The Tell-Tale Heart'', ''The Black Cat'' and ''The Cask of Amontillado'' – which have similar features to Propp’s theory: hatred, murder, crime and hiding a body in a building – with some minor differences – have been typically and repeatedly used in the mentioned tales.

Morphology analyzes the effect of content on the structure of literary works as well as the impact of their structure on content. As the structure of each literary work is closely related to its content, each particular concept is embodied in a specific format. The present study, drawing on a descriptive-analytic method, was an attempt to explain the narrative and to analyze the morphology of Ibn-e- Hesam Khosfi Birjandi’s Khavarannameh (d. 875 AH). Khavarannameh is an epic religious work including fantasy stories such as the travels and warfare of Imam Ali (AS) from the perspective of the characters, heroes, dutifulness, time, location, motivation and movement. The work stands out because of its structure and form of the themed stories. The present study was an attempt to analyze the structure of Ibn-e- Hesam Khosfi Birjandi’s Khavarannameh in light of Propp’s theory. The work included some religious practices which did not exist in Propp’s classification. The results suggest that in spite of its religious nature, the religious-epic Masnavi of Khavarannameh has its own unique functions as a fairy tale. It also has some other functions that are specific to religious epics, such as invitation to faith, acceptance of the invitation, rejection of the acceptance, and so on. Regarding the number of moves, the rising action of the events include 12 one-move adventures, 5 two-move adventures, 7 three-move adventures, and 3 three-four-move adventures which play a significant role in the logic and coherence of the work.

MahPishani is one of the most known Iranian tales that various narrations of it, is existed in Iran and in the world. The present article, justifies and analyses the structures of this tale based on the morphology theory of Propp and follows the characters and their functions in the depth of the time immemorial. Although, the general structure of this tale is adopted with Propp theory and it organizes the tale, but there is a very important motif that has not followed from the schematic pattern of Propp. Thus, applying the Propp’s morphology in paleontology of the tales, sometimes has no adequate sufficiency and necessarily the meta structure analysis is needed. The author after exploring the archetypes and motifs has presented the historical and religious sediments of Paleolithic Age (Hunting Age), Neolithic Age (Matriarchy Age), ancient Aryan and Zoroastrian religions in its frame.

The greatest achievements in the field of narrative structuralism and many of the limitations of that style Folk Tales survey was carried out, was by propp and Strauss. In addition to the impact of these two researchers insight, years and nature of the materials myths and legends also was a factor in the study. Also, these stories have the potential to identify the source of the modern age are stories.Propp of the leading writers of the Russian formalist school, with the book "Morphology of Fairy Tales' and prove identical structure to these stories, the narrative of the initiators of the new look and the ability to study many stories the way researchers do not provide scientific and applied for.Structural analysis in the field of literature (Persian and other languages in Iran) is considered a step in the direction of accurate and comprehensive understanding of these works.This paper wants to have one of the Kurdish Beyts as "Shor Mahmoud and Marzyngan" based on the theory of Vladimir Propp, the analysis and structural model prop agreed with Kurdish legends