جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ابوتراب خسروی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

As a different strategy for analyzing the texts, deconstruction violates and decentralizes their explicit meaning, bringing out the hidden meanings by finding the hidden contradictions in the texts. The application of such a strategy in the analysis of Persian texts can reveal special aspects of them and approach the intellectual structure of the authors. This paper revolves around deconstructing the short story “Hozour” (Presence) written by the contemporary Iranian writer Abuturab Khosrawi. Based on the study, there is a deconstructive relationship between presence and absence in the whole text. Despite the obvious title of the story, which is "Presence", the central idea is absence and marginalized matter in it reaches the level of presence. The instability in the corresponding relationship between the signifier and the signified and then the lack of meaning of the signifiers, the lack of initiation in the text, the reversal of the functions and positions of the signifiers in the text, and the lack of the names of the characters are considered as examples of decentralization from the centralized discourse of the text. In the light of this unstable relationship, the signifiers in the text have been disconnected from the final meaning, and thus, the meaning has been dispersed; one of the results of such situation is an aporia in accepting the definitive meaning of the text, so that the reader is no longer able to determine the final meaning. Displacement of presence and absence and the instability of meaning have cast a shadow even on the descriptions of the text and the locations of the characters and have violated the text from within.

As a different strategy for analyzing the texts, deconstruction violates and decentralizes their explicit meaning, bringing out the hidden meanings by finding the hidden contradictions in the texts. The application of such a strategy in the analysis of Persian texts can reveal special aspects of them and approach the intellectual structure of the authors. This paper revolves around deconstructing the short story “Hozour” (Presence) written by the contemporary Iranian writer Abuturab Khosrawi. Based on the study, there is a deconstructive relationship between presence and absence in the whole text. Despite the obvious title of the story, which is "Presence", the central idea is absence and marginalized matter in it reaches the level of presence. The instability in the corresponding relationship between the signifier and the signified and then the lack of meaning of the signifiers, the lack of initiation in the text, the reversal of the functions and positions of the signifiers in the text, and the lack of the names of the characters are considered as examples of decentralization from the centralized discourse of the text. In the light of this unstable relationship, the signifiers in the text have been disconnected from the final meaning, and thus, the meaning has been dispersed; one of the results of such situation is an aporia in accepting the definitive meaning of the text, so that the reader is no longer able to determine the final meaning. Displacement of presence and absence and the instability of meaning have cast a shadow even on the descriptions of the text and the locations of the characters and have violated the text from within.

The short story "Hozour" (Presence) was analyzed constructively. The researcher questioned the supposed message of the text by noting the contradictions. As a result, it was concluded that the main theme of the story is not "presence" but "absence". This conclusion may change with further readings and interpretations by other researchers. The text clearly presents a duality, highlighting the ownership of the house by the husband and wife, and the absence of ownership by the old woman. Furthermore, it emphasizes the superiority of the husband and wife over the old woman regarding the house. However, the reader finds out through the deconstruction of the story that it is possible to destabilize such a duality due to the suppressed elements in the text. This issue is manifested both in the reversal of the indicative function of the title and in other examples that were discussed. The aforementioned analysis suggests that the title of the text does not convey a straightforward interpretation of "presence"; instead, it conceals an underlying connotation that the text attempted to conceal. In addition to the semantic instability and due to dissemination in the text, the difference and distance of the apparent meaning from the hidden meanings and due to aporia, instability has been formed in the functions, situations, techniques, devices and literary possibilities of the text. Despite asserting ownership of the house, the characters could not establish a relationship with their neighbors and friends, and at the same time, having the key as a tool to resolve the conflicts could not prove the truth of their claim. The constable also found an opposite function and deviated from the function that the husband and wife expected from him and decentered them. As a result, what was presented as the alleged conversation between husband and wife was neutralized and questioned by the same devices used. Other examples of this semantic displacement include the lack of character names, the contradictory meaning of lighting, and the marginalized but central position in the text. Through the constructive study of Persian literary texts, we can get other meanings that will be effective in understanding the remaining aspects of the texts. Moreover, such a strategy can also bring us closer to the deep intellectual structures of the authors.

Sociological criticism of the novel as an indicator of the sociology of literature investigates the effect of society on the content of the work and also the effect of the content of the work on society. This essay examines the novel "Rud-e- Ravi" by Abu Torab Khosravi using Lucien Goldman's developmental constructivism approach and we have tried to analyze the political and social structures governing the author's and society's mental space.

The present research will try to show the social atmosphere that governs the world of the author with documentary method, analysis and criticism of the text along with evidence, in order to state that the political, social and cultural structures of the Iranian society in the formation of the author's mental structures and the emergence of this What is the impact of the novel and what is the relationship between the structures of the society and the structures of the novel.

By carefully examining the components considered in this novel, it was found that this novel is a completely social work and a product of the author's mentality and ideological thinking, in which, while examining the social and cultural developments of the society of his era, it is a reflection of social realities. and has shown the ruler of the society.

The findings show that this novel was written in a space with postmodernist elements, and uncertainty is seen as the most indicative postmodernist linguistic element of this work. Components such as metafiction and multiple endings have placed this novel in the ranks of postmodernist novels. In addition, the postmodern atmosphere of the novel has depicted an atmosphere of the society of the time of the work, which expresses sectarian and religious concerns and shows a superstitious atmosphere in it. The audience faces a surreal and ambiguous atmosphere where several stories are moving in parallel and traces of truth and illusion are placed together.

Halliday's theory of functional linguistics explores language and its structure in terms of the meaning of the text and shows how context and meaning organize the particular language of a text. The theory reveals the relationship between language, meaning, society and culture in three domains, namely ideational metafunction, interpersonal metafunction, and textual metafunction. Examining and analyzing the literary text from the perspective of each of the domains of this functional theory—ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions—leads to an objective and scientific interpretation of the text. In the present study, we have offered a reading of one of the stories from Aboutorab Khosravi's The Destroyed Book story collection, namely "The Picnic", focusing on the ideational metafunction in Halliday's systematic functional linguistics, and have shown how the author's narrative mindset and postmodernist discourse governing the story are represented through language and the transitive structure of clauses which are realized through verb processes, process participants, and circumstantial elements. The findings of the linguistic analysis of the text and the statistical data of the research were in line with the semantic system of the text and the ontological and postmodernist field of the narrative. We also analyzed the two circumstantial elements of time and place, due to their high frequency in the narrative, based on Bakhtin’s Chronotope Theory, and showed how these circumstantial elements that formed the temporal-spatial continuum of the narrative framed the conceptual and semantic system of the narrative and how the narrator's experience of reality and the world around him is represented through verb processes and transitive structures.

Thinking about the issue of "time" and trying to make tangible the type of its passage on man, has always been the attention of scientists of various sciences, especially, thinkers in the field of humanities. However, showing the passage of this concept, especially in the field of understanding it in the cycle of seasons and the transition of life from youth to old age, gives a sort of understanding of the presence and impact of time on phenomena, but more than anything, its traces can be found in works of art and literature, especially in stories and novels, which depict events with the help of narration. In this regard, this article is an attempt to investigate, analyze and track the way time works in the novel "Asfar Kateban", written by Abu Torab Khosravi. By using special narrative techniques and using the discourse of history, narrative and literature, this work has succeeded in displaying a special type of structuring of time in a kind of transhistorical discourse. This article is done in two parts. The theoretical part was written based on the theories of time from scientists in this field, and the second part has analyzed the type of function of time in this novel, considering the theoretical issues. The results obtained in this study indicate the type of function of time, history and narrative in a transhistorical discourse in this novel.

Myth and its role in forming the intellectual foundation of human societies and its relationship with art and literature is not hidden from anyone. Literature is one of the factors in the life of nations and their immortality. The reflection of these ancient myths and beliefs of the tribes can be seen in the works of writers and poets. Abu Turab Khosravi is one of the contemporary Iranian writers whose interest in myths and sacred texts and mystical literature and mythological and mystical themes can be clearly seen in his three works. Khosravi's works have the themes of a surah with the characteristics of a postmodern novel. Concepts such as existence, word and writing, immortality, death, love, anthropology are the basic themes of his writings. This study aims to analyze the mythological themes of three novels by Abutorab Khosravi; That is, it examines "Asfar Kataban", "Rood Ravi" and "Malkan Azad". The method is descriptive-analytical and the results show that Abu Turab Khosravi creates his novels with an anthropological approach from two sources of myth and mysticism. Using the principles of elementary mythology, mystical literature and religious mythology, he has created his three works with the approach of describing the evolution of the universe and understanding the nature of man and the devil. His goals and aspirations are in the direction of human transcendence and immortality; The throwing of man into timelessness and holy times is the first and beyond history.

The contemporary era is the period of centrality of the Unknowable in human life and experience of extreme fear. One of the most important manifestations of this subject is modern fiction. In order to understand modern man more precisely on the one hand and to properly understand modern fiction on the other hand, it seems necessary to analyze how these works are affected by the Unknowable. In this study, by combining Ludwig Binswanger's Daseinanalysis and Roger Fowler's linguistic theory, a model is proposed for comprehensive study of the reflection of the Unknowable in modern fiction. Then, according to it, the story "Picnic" by Abutorab Khosravi, one of the major writers of our time who has a deep look at human being's fears is analyzed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the origins of fear in this story and to analyze the relationship between its form and content and the Unknowable. This study is conducted using content analysis method. It is argued that the narrator/ main character of the story is trying to figure out the Unknowable in the visible environment around him and experience angst in the form of fear of death. He has fallen apart; his tormentors are fragmented pieces of himself. The way narrative components are picked and arranged clearly shows the fragmentation of the narrator. Contradictions, repetitions and ambiguities have removed unity from discourse and text. It could be said that the Unknowable has seeped into form and content shaking them to the roots.

"Dominant" or "dominant element", as one of the main concepts of formalism, is a prominent component of any work of art that affects other components and elements and causes their transformation.One of the most important elements of postmodernism is the recognition of text identity, which has been multiplied due to postponement and lack of fixation of meaning.The text and the author, as the main subjects, always try to present different readings according to the textual nature and identify the unique identity of the tex and recognizethe unique identity of the text. Therefore, it can be said that written identity is one of the characteristics of postmodern fiction.Abu TurabKhosravi is one of the writers who can be considered the postponement and non-establishment of meaning as the most important "dominant element" of his works.It seems that the metanarrative, the subjectivity of the text, the author's dialectic with the characters, the numerous recreations of an event,deviation from logocentrism and instability of meaning are the characteristics of his works.The result of the research shows that in his works, the narrator and the narrative are both influenced by the importance of the text and its subjectivity, which leads to the instability of the signifier and the signified, and consequently to the uncertainty of the meaning.

The positioning of described in modernist stories is different from the classical stories. In this regard, the techniques, functions, and subjects are also changed. Description in traditional stories is unique to describe concepts and observable. The descriptions structure is built on the basis of actual elements, inclusivism and visual. But in modern works, the descriptions are internalized. These works are more attentive to behaviors than appearance. Modern author pays attention to the secondary and spiritual meanings of the characteristics of individuals and objects that it is the resultant of his philosophical analysis of his subjects. The basis of the descriptions is based on component, subjective and imaginary elements. In this regard, the techniques, functions, and subjects are also changed. The reflections of the works of Abootorab from the perspective of the modern techniques of descriptions such as conflict, obscurity, and reality of providing are for clearer and more accurate representation of the methodology of description. In this study, the description techniques are investigated in method (analytical - descriptive). The main question of this study is based on whether the comparative study of modern and traditional stories can be referred to as a status difference in these two categories? The results of this study show that Khosravi works have the ability to analyze new techniques of descriptive and modern techniques, known as "the modernist described".

The techniques described in the past are: actual, real, direct, living, personal, personality and stage, but the description species in contemporary fiction and modernist texts are more diverse than traditional ones. Some of these include: hermeneutics description, reflective, multidimensional, ideological, expressionistic, logical, contradiction, Circumstantial and semeiotic. This study introduces six new ideological, expressionistic, logical, contradiction, Circumstantial and semeiotic techniques in the works of Abootorab Khosravi. Examining the effects of Khosravi from the perspective of the above description techniques is a means for clearer and more accurate representation of the described in contemporary fiction. The descriptive study of this inquiry is investigated in the analytical method. Its results show that Khosravi works have a high frequency of description techniques and a new classification of technique.

One of the trends in contemporary novelist streams that mimic a novel western novel in Iranian history literature is a new novel for post - modernism novel. Although this tendency has not been successful in the contemporary Iranian story because of the lack of adequate beds so far in the west, there are sometimes authors who are inclined to present their critical views to society and contemporary human through post - modernism approaches. Aboo Torab Khosravi is one of the writers. His artistic use of the Western romance has transformed his romance into an arena for dialogue and conflict. This research has worked in a descriptive and analytical manner to study the most prominent elements of post - modernism, with regard to the elements of post - modern novelist ,that is Polyphony in » Malekan-e- azab« novel. and the results of the research suggest that this novel s underlying characteristic of is polyphonic design using elements such as narrative technique، Intertextuality، Meta - story and…

As a methodological field, the comparative literature uses a various mechanisms for literary works analysis, one of them is discovering the connections among literature and arts. According to this issue, our research tries to studying the short story "The Miniatures" by Iranian writer Abutorab Khosrawi. According to this research, there are some items like Paratext, using the Artistic concepts and terms in literary work and artistic descriptions, which have entered the literary work and so that have shaped the work. Also, the combination the miniature figure and fictional character and creation a new type of character which we can name it “figure-character”, is the other instance for connection between literature and Miniature. This study shows that the discovering the quality of the role of Painting and miniature in literature can guide us to discovering the artistic potential in literary work and this is the goal that American school of comparative literature follows it in its studies.

Naguib Mahfouz in Shahr al-‘Asal and Abu Turab Khosravi in Hozour describe the situation of a couple who after moving to their new house, notice that their residence has been occupied by some strangers. The goal of this paper is to offer a description and a comparative study of these two works based on the American school of comparative literature.
The results of the study suggest that the two authors have adopted an identical approach in the prelude of the story. Also, both of these Arabic and Persian stories are composed of three main characters, namely a young couple and a stranger usurping their house. "House" in both stories plays a key role, which has been questioned by the connotative meaning of home as a shelter or safe place for man. Also, both works are corresponding in terms of using the Anachronism technique, i.e., in addition to the flash back technique, the technique of mingling past and present times has been adopted in both works. Moreover, the analysis of both stories in terms of similarity of functions revealed that out of thirty-one functions of Propp, there are eleven overlapping functions in both stories in a similar sequence. The sequence of plot functions of both works is indicative of a consistent internal pattern, which can be illustrated through the relevant codes of each function as such : (B, H, C, A, δ, γ, λ, φ, ε, β, α )

Khosravi is one of the post-revolution writers that could establish his outstanding place in the story writing scope. By relative knowledge on the Iranian ancient literature, he has employed the elegant and purified prose for narration of story. What is seen mostly in his works is the importance that he gives to the language and words. This research aimed at investigating the postmodernism criticism of the novel of “Malekan Azab”. Khosravi has used postmodernism techniques such as anachronism, paranoia, religious and native origin, delay in the process of narration, language preference over reality, narration of history and eclecticism. In this novel, the writer visualizes the time interval of two generations. Any narration narrated by the characters encounters with distortion of time and disturbance of point of view. The writer has combined the time with the events by narrating memories. Paranoia is one of the most outstanding postmodernism features of this story. In this post modernistic novel, the characters always feel that they are surrounded by the creatures which are invisible and they are able to tease others and nobody sees them while committing crimes and they take revenge quickly. It seems that the writer has used this component for showing the human solitude in the contemporary period and also visualization of the suffocation and tyranny of the imperial era.

New novel in Arabic and Persian literature has passed narrative techniques and with using meta-fiction is trying to cut famous narrative techniques and creates a new structure. Jamal Alghaitani in his novel,Attajalliat, and Abutorab KHosravi in his novel, Malaek-al Azab,have trying to go in this way.
The researcher is trying to search about meta-fiction evolutions in the west. In this way the western critic opinion will be defined and its using in novel will be analyzed. Then, He is trying to analyze meta-fiction used in two narrations, Attajalliat and Malaek-al Azab, in a comparative analysis. The researcher results that although Jamal Al Ghaitani and Abutorab KHosrvi have adopted these techniques from the west, but they have changed them to their own way with rely on their eastern and Islamic culture.

Post-modernism is one of the modern actions in the Persian literature which it is so considered in the narrative literature in a particular way and different works have been created with a post–modernist approach recently. One of the authors who has been affected much more by this action in his short stories is Abootorab khosravi. In this essay, it has been tried to compare and analyze the state of using some of the most important methods of post–modernism in two stories “tafriq-e- khak” and “dastan-e-viran” from this author’s recent collection. For this reason, a brief has been brought from both two narrations at the beginning, then the used methods in each one have been investigated and; consequently, function of these methods has been evaluated with each other. Findings of the study showed that “tafriq-e-khak” story has embossed ontological content as the prominent element of postmodern texts by putting “existence” as the pivotal topic; whereas “dastan-e-viran” has benefited mostly from nominal methods; specially short circuit  and consequently attracted the reader to the meta-fictional basis of the work.

Contemporary Persian literature, like many examples of the world literature, makes use of metafictional techniques which come under the general category of Postmodernism. Metafiction covers various elements which all indicate the artificiality of literary texts. Combining the factual and the fictional, introducing the author in the text, and baring the literary devices and conventions are the characteristics of metafiction. In the present article, "The Elegy for Zhaleh and Her Murderer" from Abu-torãb Khosravi's collection of short stories, Divãn-e Soomanãt, has been analysed in the light of metafictional theories. In fact, the article tries to give ample responses to a couple of questions: can this short story be considered as a metafictional example of contemporary fiction? and relying on the innovations in the area of narrative and plot, has Abu-torãb Khosravi been able to provide us with a comprehensive picture of intellectual sphere and concerns of himself and his contemporaries?