جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بلند الحیدری » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The Arabic poetry has been continuously changing from the past up to now. For example, it has been partly revolutionized in the terms of form. One of the recognizable elements in terms of the form change is writing the poem on the paper unusually and using writing symbols instead of the text. This kind of poem releases the poet from the bonds of the past and gives complete freedom to him; yet, the contemporary poet, when expressing his opinions and thoughts, faces some problems that cause him not to be able to speak explicitly with complete freedom, thereof, the content of the contemporary poem is not explicit like the past. Different elements such as the environment, time, political circumstances, etc. have been involved in the content of the poem. These changes led to more connection of the reader with the poet and poem in a way that the reader has been transformed into an inseparable part of the contemporary poem. In other words, the reader has the main role of understanding the untold issues of the poet. The present descriptive-analytical study aims to investigate the visual form of the poems of contemporary Iraqi poet, Boland Al-Heydari, in terms of blackness and whiteness, writing symbols, and the reasons for using them. He especially emphasizes this kind of innovation in his own poem and there are few poets in Iraq who can compete with him in creating this kind of innovation. Biaz (whiteness and empty space) that is phrased to the poet’s silence and Savad (full and black space) which is phrased to the poet’s voice and shout, are called as the main and meaningful elements of the contemporary poem in which the poet puts some spaces in widespread parts of his poem with some special purposes and motives. In the present study, the cases of using these elements in the poem have been grouped to understand the poet’s purposes from whiteness, blackness, and writing symbols. The poet sometimes prevails the blackness (of the text) to the whiteness (of the paper) and sometimes decreases it which is numerously found in Boland Al-Heydari’s poems a lot. He cannot say all of his words because of being stuck in some problems like what was mentioned. Thus, he tries to make the reader accompany him by presenting some cues regarding blackness along with creating an interactional and associated connection with the contact to take him to understand the untold concerns. The untold issues that have been mentioned only in the absolute whiteness lead to meaning production and even diverse multi-meaning from readers’ point of view. Boland Al-Heydari has used whiteness for expressing his own status. He has used the wonder whiteness to show his amazement and accompany the reader in this wonder. He has also used the location whiteness for the silence. In sum, he represents the whiteness and blackness game in his poem well. Writing symbols have a special position in the texts to simplify reading and writing. But, writing signs in the poem have different definitions. Writing symbols in Boland Al-Heydari’s poems are recognized as the signs to simplify the comprehension of the poem, but the poet wants to determine a certain affair in the poem. Boland Al-Heydari uses writing symbols in their unusual place in some of his poems, for example, the poet has used three dots at the beginning of the line to make the reader understand the subject and comprehend the poet’s intention. This, in addition to improving the interaction and connection of the contact with the poet, also increases the beauty of the poem. The notable point is that the poet looks for transforming his acoustic echo in the form of shape and wants to show his problems climax in that form (i.e. writing symbols). As a result, Boland Al-Heydari has used this form or the outward shape for more contemplation and thinking of the reader and his participation in the poem. He has used such shapes and writing symbols for infusing his word, which the usual language is not able to infuse. In fact, the poet is hidden behind the white curtains of his poem and he wants to surprise the readers using the blackness he has presented in the poem. This technique in Bolad Al-Heydari’s poems has been the basis of his poetry books and his poems are full of outspread writing symbols and whiteness and blackness. Therefore, Boland can be considered as one of the fighter poets. Had he not used such techniques, he would have been forgotten. Such outward shapes made him immortal in his poems.

Abnormality, that is, deviation from the rules governing the language of the norm and non-conformity with the standard and conventional language, which causes the dynamics of the language, which has caused poets in different languages ​​to show great interest in this way. Abnormality as an outstanding linguistic technique can enrich poetry and bring it to the border of poetry. This technique can be manifested in various components of poetry. In this regard, an attempt has been made to examine this issue in the divan of the four poets considered in this research, namely Yousef Al-Khal, Boland Al-Heydari, Nima Yoshij and Ahmad Shamloo as a poet-making element.From the commonalities of the poems of these four poets, the high frequency of semantic aberrations in their poems and what is evident is that these poets in their time were considered as poets breaking the tradition and the voice of protest and anger of the society in which they lived. They have reflected with this type of norm-breaking, and thus each of them has been introduced as a poet with a style, and in the same way, they have attracted their audience to them.

Boland al-Heydari is one of the famous modernist poets of Iraq and Siavash Kasraie is one of the most famous contemporary Nimaei poets of Iran. Both of them lived in a period of chaos. On one hand, the heavy atmosphere of tyranny of Iran, then dominated by an authoritarian government, influenced on Sivash Kasraie’s thoughts; on the other hand, the outbreak of the second World War and the dictatorship of the Baathist Regime have greatly influenced Boland al-Heydari’s life. These events along with other bitter events strongly affected their political and social positions particularly their attitudes towards the concept of death and life in their poetry. Al-Heydari has a negative outlook towards life, so that his pessimism over life and his severe tendency to death are obvious in his poems. However, unlike his viewpoint, Kasraie has a positive view towards the social life insofar as when he expresses the social instabilities, the optimism is reflected in his poems. Nevertheless, the pressures and the social and political problems of life sometimes make him complain and express dissatisfaction with life. Kasraie in comparison with al-Heydari has a hopeful outlook towards life. Both poets treat life as unsustainable and regard death as the fate of all human beings, they present a grim picture of death and they find their welfare in embracing it. This study attempts to analyze the common themes as well as different positions about the most widely used concepts of death and life in the poems of these two contemporary poets due to their poetic evidences.

Arabic and Persian poems have numerous common points and poets of these two languages share the same point in style, subject, structure and music of poetry. Mahdi Akhavan Thaleth, famous Iranian poet, and Boland Al-Heidari, well-known Iraqi poet, are among poets who have many similarities in their works. As an example, there are some conceptual and verbal similarities between Qasedak and Saee Al-barid (postman) and authors of this article investigate them in analytical- descriptive method. Undoubtedly, recognition of inspiring origin of these two common poems is very helpful in knowing deep poetic relation of Persian and Arabic languages. Results of this research show that these two odes are very similar in many cases as social themes particularly expressing people's suffering and difficulties, simplicity of speech figures of thought as well as speech, diverse ways of expression, poetic musicality, repetition and its aims and contents.

Patriotism and drawing its various aspects is considered the most important inherent concerns of any undertaking poet, which in the recent century, has attracted the most attention of poets, due to many political and social transformations in the third world countries. Following the events of World War II, a generation of Iraqi poets was born which pursued their country's problems and atrocities responsibly. Among them, Boland Al Haidary can be considered as one of the most undertaking contemporary poets in Iraq. Hence, in this study the authors intend to study his poems in three topics, namely "oppression and despotism at homeland", homeland backwardness" and "Child, future reflection and resistance at homeland", based on descriptive-analytical method. Results of this query suggest that Boland has criticized the power over the society and has revealed oppression and colonization of Iraq which led to society backwardness and showed the effects of these two reasons at the next generation of his homeland. A generation of children which are innocent nowadays and suffer the war and in the Boland's poem, they are considered as matchless heroes at the path of freedom of homeland.

Nostalgia, as a psychological notion has always been a characteristic of literature and art. It has been a matter of consideration throughout the literature history. Not only it does not fade away in any of the ages in the history of literature, but also it can be observed in the works of those poets who had to live far from their homeland due to their disagreement whether with the community or the ruling government. Therefore, the history of nostalgia dates back to the early stages of the history of mankind as it has always been one of his concerns in life. Perhaps, the main reason behind a preference of alienation among some poets is that generally, poets posses a delicate sense that makes them more competent in their analytical ability than the other members of the society. This capability enables such poets to take position against the harsh behaviors of the government and society, and thus, they prefer to migrate. This is the very issue that the present descriptive-analytical study tries to examine in the poetry of Boland Al-Heydari, a contemporary Iraqi poet. The current study also identifies different aspects of nostalgia in his poetry and investigates the factors which contributed to the development of such different nostalgic feelings. The findings of the study reveal that the poet's familial problems and his mental status, as well as his contemporary temporal and situational conditions are the major factors that resulted in a sense of mental alienation in his poetry.

Persona in Jung doctrine is an archetypes that human use it to achieve the society''s problem by using legacy personality and the face handling their persona to say their own words. This research wants to check the myth persona from Jung criticism psychology viewpoint on Boland al Heidaris poetry and because of this reason after checking collective unconscious and its archetypes it starts to check the myths that Boland al Heidari use them in his poetry research shows that Bolan al Heidari help making from collective unconscious and archetypes cause that he emphasize on myth personality and use their persona because this personalities give him chance to connect the past and present and connect him to people. Also in this way poet choose a persona that is more close to personal unconscious and collective unconscious because of this whenever distance happened, he change it and make an appropriate persona.

Anima is the appearance of the nature of the Feminist in herited in the unconscious of the man, in school of Young. It affects his passion and his tendency to women and nature. This study attempts to study Anima and its features on Buland al-Haidari’s poems who was assisted by collective unconscious and initial models to restore people to their ideal and old life. This research concludes that this social poet, during being influenced by his Anima, is subjected by his contradictory character, sometimes loves his Anima and sometimes hates it. But generally he is influenced by his negative Anima more than his positive Anima and it’s because of either his bad relationship with his mother or his apprehensive society.

The archetype of shadow is filled with the most basic primary instincts of human beings inherited from their primogenitors. Shadow, the dark part of the unconscious has positive and negative points. By focusing on the opposing features and of this archetype, the present research intends to study and analyze Al-Heidaris, the Arabic contemporary poet, long poems. The study indicates that shadow, both with its positive and negative features, can be traced in the poetry of this poet; this in turn signifies a prominent example of the social conscience. By considering the archetype of shadow, he tries to portray a life full of goodness.