جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تاریخ ادبیات فارسی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The titles of literary texts from each historical period provide substantial and valuable data about their authors and the social and cultural developments of the society of that period, among other matters. Given their artistic and literary nature, the titles of Persian ornamental prose texts can reveal cultural and literary approaches in different periods of Iranian literary history, in addition to historical or social facts. Based on this idea and by adopting the historical reference method in collecting data, this study attempts to analyze the titles of 38 ornamental prose texts in the history of Persian literature based on their rhetoric, themes, and conceptual metaphors. From an aesthetic viewpoint, the current study identifies two subgroups of the titles, literary and non-literary. It also places two subgroups under the larger literary group: rhymed titles and metaphorical ones. Moreover, the more the content of a work tends towards the objective, the more the title becomes rhymed. On the other hand, the more the content tends towards the abstract, the more the title becomes metaphorical. Also, the non-literary and functional titles are almost devoid of the aesthetic aspect. According to this study, the broadest range of titles belongs to historical topics, which we can notice in all types and sub-genres of titles. This wide range is a product of the intellectual system that governed the political classes and indicates the dual relationship between the ruler and the educated on the one hand and a kind of estrangement between the political classes and the masses of society at that time in Iran on the other hand. Regarding the purpose of choosing the title, some titles have a motivational nature, some have a functional nature, and some have a complex mixed nature. In another part of the research, using the idea of conceptual metaphors, it is shown that the semantic fields of direction and movement, as well as plants, are the most used; the reasons for these are explained in the research.

Based on historical categorization, Iranian languages are divided into three main periods: ancient, middle and new. In human science branch of high school books, there is a lesson about Pre-Islamic Persian literature, languages and their alphabets, consisting of ancient and middle Persian era. This article is a descriptive comparative study of the mentioned lesson, in old and new educational system books, based on the publication years 1392(2013) and 1398(2019). The study indicated that the designated pages to pre-Islamic Persian literature were cut into half in the new educational system. In the old book, three items were noted to be corrected. In the new book, three sentences with incomplete or mistaken information were found. In the table at page 39 which was designed to compare Old Persian alphabet to Avestan and New Persian alphabet, from 36 comparisons, 30 items needed to be corrected ,completed or deleted. This result indicated that the content quality in the new educational book had decreased. Also; the study showed the necessity of distinction between Old Persian as one language and Iranian ancient languages as a group in ancient Iran. In the literary part, tonic and syllabic poem measure in Ancient Persian and Middle Persian languages was discussed and examples were presented.

The extent and depth of the lyric literature concepts along with the examples variety of this literary genre in the area of Persian literature are considered as the most outstanding features of Persian language and literature.While the creation of other literary genres (epic and didactic) has shown weaknesses in some periods of history, lyric literature has been encountered with growing attention and increasing evolution.But what it takes to understand the various aspects of this literary genre as a point of ambiguity has the sufficiency to express and research about is that under what constraints lyric prose works are impressively low in number comparing to forms and types of its poetry.The lack of a determined and proposed theory in the case of Persian prose method makes it difficult to find an answer to this question.Therefore, it was attempted foremost by referring to prose works and books related to writing principles and rules to elicit some of the definitions and criteria of Persian prose, so by the way of setting the necessity of providing the lyric words and the frameworks of Persian prose essays against each others, the theoretical impediments to the growth and development of prose lyric works become more clear.Since the present study focuses on theoretical components, the literary criticism and analysis of lyric prose texts and fragments are neglected and four theoretical factors were introduced as possible contributing factors to lyric prose deficit in Persian literature.