جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیاست خارجی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

 Cultural Diplomacy, as a flexible and efficient instrument in foreign policy, is a basis for promotion of relations between states. It can be provided the proper background for mutual understanding between humanity through extension of cultural interactions, increasing of educational-Scientific cooperation, etc. The dissolution of the Soviet Union and ending of ideological dispute between two blocs create a new era for growing the role of cultural diplomacy in India’s foreign policy. India, as the world’s largest democracy, tries to use cultural diplomacy to promote its status in the international system. The main question of the article is «what is the status of cultural diplomacy in India’s foreign policy after end of the Cold War? ». By using the hypothesis of this article is «with regard to historical, cultural and civilizational background, India is promoting the role of cultural diplomacy in its foreign policy». This article aims to address the status and role of cultural diplomacy in India’s foreign policy. This study has been carried out in the descriptive-analytical method. 

Cultural Diplomacy, as a flexible and efficient instrument in foreign policy, is a basis for promotion of relations between states. It can be provided the proper background for mutual understanding between humanity through extension of cultural interactions, increasing of educational-Scientific cooperation, etc. (Haghighi, 2009: 343). The dissolution of the Soviet Union and ending of ideological dispute between two blocs create a new era for growing the role of cultural diplomacy in India’s foreign policy (Kolaee and Vaezi, 2011: 249). The recent history of China, the United States, Russia, the Britain and France show that the great powers use of diverse kinds of diplomacy including cultural diplomacy (Taheri, 2017: 157). India, as the world’s largest democracy, tries to use cultural diplomacy to promote its status in the international system. The main question of the article is «what is the status of cultural diplomacy in India’s foreign policy after end of the Cold War?» 

This study has been carried out in the descriptive-analytical method. The main objective of this type of research is to describe the state of affairs as it exists at present. The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the variables; he can only report what has happened or what is going on. In this type of research, all kinds of survey method are utilized including comparative method. On the other hand, the researcher has to use facts and information which are available and after collecting these data the researcher can analyze and make a critical evaluation on the materials in the method of analytical research.

In contemporary Period, Cultural diplomacy is a significant instrument of foreign policy. It helps in promoting international links with countries and people in the world. India has recognized the importance of cultural diplomacy as a part of its soft power strategy in promoting its national interests and establishing itself as a dominant regional and global power. (Pratab, 2015: 55) India for fulfillment of cultural diplomacy in its foreign policy uses some ideational and cultural sources like ancient history and its famous leaders. However, the use of cultural diplomacy as instrument of foreign policy face some challenges like the image of India in International politics, increasing poverty and miserable situation of children.

Cultural diplomacy “creates an additional space which softens the sharp edges of foreign policy thus fostering a favorable public opinion impacting foreign policy”.  In light of above discussion, it can be said that the use of culture as a diplomatic tool by India does not have a bleak future, but India has to face challenges and solve them in order to make intensified use of cultural diplomacy which is a sub-variant of soft power, as unlike hard power even intensified use of soft power will not spur the anger of other powerful countries because it does not involve coercion or the use of military arsenal to get other countries to move them in the direction of its interest (Pratab, 2015: 61).  In post-cold War Era, pragmatist approach of India toward international system lead to New Delhi use smart power and cultural diplomacy has important role in this view. For instance, while India is not member of Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), but emphasis on global disarmament and utilize native music, Bollywood, and its culture to show the dangers of nuclear proliferation. However, India is situated to some issue in its foreign policy like Kashmir crisis and relations with Israel. Kashmir crisis damage the India’s peaceful feature. Also, Israel does not any positive feature among Muslims and many nations in the world, thus, the India-Israeli relation mar the prestige of New Delhi.

The end of Cold War and Soviet Union collapse resulted in some changes in international equations such as great powers relations. This new situation with some systemic processes included in Globalization and spread of communications technologies have influenced rising powers policy choices. The foreign policies of these powers are so important. Hence, foreign policy of India as a one of the most important of rising powers in terms of new leadership and economic requirements have experienced new trend: trying to promote security by few concern to ideology and moving toward multiple cooperation strategy. This article is seeking to answer two question: why India has choosen this strategy? And what are the main examples of this strategy? The article s aims is explaining of the change and this new trend in India foreign policy after Cold War. Evaluation of attitude changes of new leaders and its impact on India foreign policy with some characteristics such as pragmatism is the main discussion of the article.

Over the past two decades, India's foreign policy has changed, since independence in 1947 until 1991, the bipolar international system, consensus of Nehroism, geopolitics subcontinent and the legacy of colonialism, as a set of factors that shape the foreign policy of India , In general, India's foreign policy after the Cold War has changed, the problem that this article is in search of its what causes changed India's foreign policy towards the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council states and that India's foreign policy. since the end of the Cold War India's policy towards developments in the Persian Gulf region has been governed more by economic and energy considerations and by the geopolitical rivalry with Pakistan factor. But compared with the past, this period has also witnessed the marginalization of the Pakistani factor in India's policy towards the region and a greater emphasis on economic partnership. This article does not produce a comprehensive account of the transformation of Indian foreign policy, but also in search of search of the key factors that explain the transformation of the India’s foreign policy towards the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council states . The explanationery method and theory of balance of interests have been used to investigate the hypothesis of this article.

In the present study, it has been attempted to have a look upon foreign policy of Iran and India particularly on analyzing thecooperation and confrontation between the two countries during a time prior to Iran nuclear deal. In fact based on the same comparative studies it has become possible to find some ways into legal and political problems and dead-ends; because comparative studies would provide the researchers with some sorts of benefit out of their experiences and trial and errors of different nations. The recent regional upheavals, particularly the new wave of Islamic Awakening in the Middle East and North Africa on the one hand and long-standing conflict between Iran and America, Iran’s stand points towards Southeast Asia, America and Israel's influence on the region, particularly in the Indian subcontinent and Iran and India’s political function in the fields of cooperation or competition, the areas of convergence and divergence range for this interaction, have all enhanced the necessity of doing this study. The seminal question, therefore, of the study is that where is Iran’s position in India’s new foreign policy? And how in future this relation would pave the ground for further convergence and cooperation? If Iran and India, while keeping development, continue to maintain their stability, this rapid growth of their capabilities will continue for decades. The continuation of this development, in addition to stabilization, can change the distribution of power and rearrange the role of performers in the international level will driving India into a great power in the area and so it could play a great and essential part by making a fundamental change in or re-modifying the constituents of international system.

Critical discourse analysis deals mostly with power and ideology. This approach attempts to detect unequal power relations and unravel the ideologies hidden behind texts. Accordingly, this article takes a critical discourse analysis approach to investigate how social actors are represented in the foreign policy discourse of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The analytical model used is Van Leeuwen′s socio-semantic framework (2008). The main objective of this paper is to explore how these representations are used to foreground favorite concepts and background least favorite ones. The findings of this study indicated a differential representation of social actors by Shah according to his aims and goals in that "self" identities are depicted as positive and active actors, while "other" identities are depicted negatively. Moreover, the results showed that from among the features suggested by this framework, "association" and "relational identification" are mostly used for referring to "self" identities, while "appraisement" is mostly used for referring to "other" identities.

The Geopolitical Genome is the geographical genetic map of the politics which derives from geography of a country and influence the foreign policy of that country. Regarding its neighborhood with 15 countries، Iran is considered to be a strategic region. Understanding the geopolitical views which is derived from the geopolitical genomes of the neighbor countries and recognizing the geopolitical codes of the them has an effective role in drafting a proper foreign policy، considering the geopolitical characteristics of Iran. Recognizing the geopolitical genomes of Pakistan is an urgent need in order to determine the orientation of the foreign policy of Iran. In the present paper it has been attempted to analyze the confronting geopolitical codes and genomes of Iran and Pakistan.

Political economy is one of the branches of the social sciences which study the manner and the level of the state’s intervention in economy. It also analyzes the relationship between economy and politics according to political, social and economic conditions and particularities of every society.India is one of the countries which, by creating the changes in the domain of his political economy and developments in the area of his internal and external politics, have successfully accomplished a great economic growth and development. It has been able to stand among the higher regional powers and is moving towards becoming a global power.Indeed, the central argument of this paper is to insist over the fact that India, by promoting human development and reinforcement of private sector on the one hand, and changing its “non-alignment” policy and through adopting the strategy of realism in his foreign policy in order to enhance the national interest on the other hand, has succeeded in achieving an economic mutation and becoming a major power in the world