جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Inter » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Stylistics is a critical approach focusing lexically, intellectually, and literally on the text to extract main literary elements of the text. As a result, literary text can be supposed as its basis and in fact, stylistics is originated from the text. This analytic-descriptive study is to analyze a poem by …….(1983-1940) as one of the outstanding pioneers of literary movement in Egypt. Donqul is one of the Arab contemporary poets which following the innovation movement, offers a specific attitude towards innovation in poetic language and meaning. As a consequence, due to his concern about this poetic language and meaning, he has been criticized by literary critics. Also, he is particularly concerned about presenting his poems quite extraordinarily, unfamiliarly, and against the norms. This denotes his uniqueness, innovation, and tensile strength.
Of the main results of this study is that D. attempted to objectify his political and social concerns in the audience. His poems convey some sort of consistency an balance between the poet’s intention and work. D. symbolizes warriors and revolutionaries in resorting to homeland. However, he rushes those with speculation and fear against enemies. Therefore, he offers such sort of contemporary experiences to the audience in a symbolic way so as to stimulate them against oppression andtyranny.

Tale Entitled Motreb Pir, in Atar, Molavi's works try to change the elements of story , message and characters, the main issue is spiritual listening, abandonment and acceptance of it in tree texts. The main hero of Asrar Al Tovhid and Atar's story is Abusaeid himself, but the main hero of Molavi's is the second Kalifeh who emphasizes Molavi's religion, correct discourse.This study is based on Grimas view and library studies are descriptive-analytical tries to find the differences and similarities of three texts of story and context, to show the main interests of stories.The results show that Molavi is strongest in tale and meaning.

Solook by Mahmood Dowlatābādi is a typical example of a novel to be studied from the perspective of narratology. The main technical concern of the story is representing the mental activities of the protagonist. The third person narrator does his best to show how Qeys, the protagonist, through reviewing his relations with his ex-lover, looks for the causes of disintegraton of his sole inter-mental experience. His interior monologues reveal that Qeys is enthusiastically tempted to know what goes on in the heads of the others. Considering the fact that representation of mental activities can be one of the elements of narratology, the present article intends to follow this mental process in order to represent the disintegration of the mental relations between Qeys and Niloofar from the eyes of the former.

This study investigated textual and inter-textual reading of a group of Iranian EFL undergraduates’ careful English reading types. In this research, Khalifa and Weir’s (2009) reading framework was used to propose a more inclusive aspect of a careful reading framework and the reading construct for instructional and assessment goals. The participants of this study were B.A. students of English Translation at Shiraz Payame Noor University. To obtain the required data, a questionnaire and a careful reading test along with reading journals, interviews, and retrospective verbal protocols were used. The findings revealed that careful reading at the sentential and textual levels were seen to be practiced frequently by the participants. However, reading purposes and cognitive processes requiring integrating information from different texts, reading critically to establish and evaluate the authors’ position on a particular topic, building links across texts, judging the relatedness of texts, evaluating the writer’s ideas and comparing viewpoints were not seen as prevalent emerged reading patterns. The participants performed differently on tasks measuring different types of careful reading at different levels in a descending order of difficulty. In doing the tasks, although no statistically significant difference was found between the performance of males and females, they performed differently regarding their age and educational level differences. Subsequently, based on the outcomes, in the proposed careful reading framework, some new variables such as educational level, age, documents knowledge, better understanding and careful reading at multiple text level structures were added to Khalifa and Weir’s (2009) reading framework.

One of the methods in production of Prolixity in the speech is use Paratactic Structures with consecutive components. Whereas every component of Paratactic Structures contains a message and a concept, they are best means to description of phenomena. Therefore Qabus-nameh’s writer is to describe everything in details; he has also used Paratactic Structures. Nasolah Monshi has also used of this methods for Creating of Prolixity in the translation of Klileh va Demneh. However because is replaced description with definition in technical prose, Klileh va Demneh’s writer used for description in phenomena than Paratactic Structures. Therefore are different Functions of Paratactic Structures in Klileh va Demneh and Qabus-nameh. It means used Paratactic Structures in Qabus-nameh to introduce of complete components and in Klileh VA Demneh for tender descriptions. This study is result research that for analyses Functions of Paratactic Structures in Qabus-nameh and affect it on versions of Technical Prose (special Klileh va Demneh) in Creating of Prolixity.

Intertextuality is a much discussed theory in the area of Literary and artistic studies dealing with the relationship of literature / texts with one another; and inasmuch as the Persian Poetry is one of the texts that has constantly had a profound and inseparable bond with the antecedent Work in various areas of human thought and idea over its different periods of life, field of inter-textual studies about it is widespread. Khaqani-e Sharvani (b.1141 d.1216) is a great poet of personal style who has benefited from a variety of motifs in his poems, and this matter has turned his poems into an encyclopedia taking on a profound and widespread inter-textual relationship with the diversified past literature. Hence it is, an endeavor has been made so as to consider his well – known and lasting ode of Madaen Porch with attention to the bidirectional nature which it bears to the effect that it has been affected by the non-verbal sign of the majestic edifice of Khosro's arched roof on the one hand, and on the other hand it is affected to some extent by the literary works that his antecedents have created under the impression of observing this historical and magnificent palace – on the basis of the intertextuality theory while emphasis is being laid on inter-semiotic intertextuality and intra-semiotic intertextuality.

The growing attention to formulaic sequences during the last decade indicates that the functional features of such sequences play a great role in wrting. Formulaic sequences are prefabricated linguistic components which are stored and retrieved as a whole. So far، few studies have examined Persian formulaic sequences. The present study aims to examine the functional features of such sequences in Persian writings. To do so، 10 writing samples of Persian native speakers were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. In addition، the corpus includes 100 sample writings which were scored with regard to using formulaic sequences from different functional categories as well as writing skills. In the quantitative phase، frequency analysis، correlation analysis and Chi-square analysis were employed whereas in the qualitative phase، content analysis and retrospective interviews were used to explore the participants'' presumptions، analyses، and judgments. The results showed that high frequency of using formulaic sequences would not necessarily guarantee the quality of writing; moreover، studying the functional features of formulaic sequences is suggested to be conducted while paying full attention to inter-lingual characteristics as well as the Persian speakers'' knowledge of English. The findings of the research could be utilized in linguistic studies and Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages (TPSOL).

Comparative approach to humanities has a long history. The new concept of comparative literature in the modern sense of the word is, however, an achievement of modernism and a new attitude to literature. Since many obstacles diminish the efficiency of comparative studies in literature, the status quo of interdisciplinary studies in our society is far from the ideal. These obstacles include exclusivity, interpretive view of comparative literature, superficiality, sheer comparison and description…. This study aims at exposing these obstacles and proposing solutions such as appeal to phenomenology, pluralism….

Always, there have been poets and authors in poem and literature whose thought and words are affected by previous literature. This relation is one of the branches of inter-textuality, and in an inter-textual relation of a literary work, parody-making has a special position. These arrangements lead to a more complicated relation between past texts, and through it, the poet offers his addressee something beyond a mere affiliation or imitation. In contemporary literature, Shafeie Kadkani is one of the most important poets who by relating his poem to other texts (co-texts) can reinforce its content and artistic basis; and at the same time, criticizes their form or attitude by which he creates pure parodies in poem. Shafeie Kadkani's parodies offer his works an innovative face and lead to account him as an erudite parody writer. Most of his parodies belong to semantic domain, and the most successful are social-critical parodies focused on myths.

This paper reviews the roots of theories of inter-textuality in the study of Persian rhetoric. According M.H. Abrams, Inter-textuality is obtained through the following: Direct and indirect quotes, Changing the form and content features, and Using linguistic and literary traditions and rules. Among the critics of classical literature, the concept of inter-textuality is not hidden. It varies with the specific terms of modern literature. A brief discussion of the theory has been among the creators of literary and rhetorical scholars in the Muslim world. Rhetoric scholars have addressed this issue in discussions of adaptation and imitation. In this paper, these issues are examined.

This study replicated another research project to find out what factors underlie the Characteristics of Effective English Language Teachers (CEELT) when a large and more representative and homogeneous sample is selected. The CEELT questionnaire compiled by Moafian and Pishghadam (2008) was administered to 1469 Iranian learners of English as a foreign language at various private and public schools in Mashhad، Iran to test three hypotheses addressing the strength of relationship among the characteristics، the number of extracted factors and their cross loadings. The 47 characteristics revealed high correlations among themselves and loaded as well as cross loaded on only five rotated factors when the Principal Axis Factoring was applied to the participants’ responses، i. e.، rapport، fairness، qualification، facilitation and examination. The results have several research implications. First، reporting correlation coefficients and the KMO statistic of sampling adequacy is necessary. Secondly، samples consisting of at least 1000 participants should be selected، preferably with a ratio of 30 cases for each item. And finally، cross loading variable must be reported because these cross loadings necessitate adopting a holistic view towards teaching languages and establishing significant relationships between teacher characteristics and learner abilities such as language achievement and proficiency.

Persian romantic verses as texts composed over the centuries have common characteristics which upon their structural analysis one can analyze their inter-textual connections. Attempt is made in this article to describe the farewell scenes of lovers in order to arrive at their common converse in these texts, since the main theme is love and this fundamental feature confers a mutual function to the lovers’ death. According to the inter textual theory, the texts with common theme in different historical periods are interconnected and their images, descriptions and their poetic thoughts are emanated from a common language even if at first they seem distinct. This common language provides the logic and the basis of the colloquy and living in such circumstances. In other words the language of love necessitates that farewell scenes have common language and ambiance although differences arise in accordance with the story and the relationship between the lover and the beloved. In one place, after the death of his beloved, the lover stands by her grave and weeps till his own death. And in other place, he opens his chest with a dagger. It is such that in studying the farewell scenes one arrives at the subject of synchronic death of the lovers. The focal point in these verses is the bitterness and the dilemma of separation which the lovers cannot tolerate and shortly after the other say farewell to life and end the dialogue of love.

Contextual reading can help to read and understand a text. One form of contextualization is called inter-textual reading. When you study a script with respect to the words coming before or after it, you will reach a better understanding of the meaning of the script. This is especially true for the mystical scripts because the mystical works in Persian and Arabic languages are intertwined. Sometimes a script is considered as the translation of another script and sometimes as a description. For the majority of scripts, although they are neither a direct translation nor a description of each other but they have a very deep inter-textual relationship. Inter-textual according to its common definition, i.e. the reading and interpreting a script with the help of other scripts, will result in better and more accurate meaning of the script. It will even help editing the script. In this paper, an effort has been made not only analyze the inter-textual relations that exist among some mystical works of prior to seventh century (A.H.) like Sharhe Toaref, the Dissertation of Qashiriyeh and its two different translations, Kashf-ol Mahjoob, and Tazkerat-ol Olyaa but also explain the role and effect of intertextual reading in better understanding of the meaning and more accurate interpretation of these scripts.

Islamic Sufism which first developed with a devout and mortification-oriented approach, gradually, and in accordance with the needs of the time inclined towards theorization with main focus on issues like ‘sincerity of intention’ and ‘love and self-devotion. This new approach caused Sufi teachings to be more practical in its relation to the society. Since the sects of ‘futuwwa or javanmardan’ (the Generous, chivalry, generosity; literally 'youth'), ‘malamatiyeh’ (the people of blame, self-scrutiny) and ‘qalandariyeh’ (the folk of liberal interpretation of Shari’a), illustrate parts of the popular domain of Sufism, to study them can help to figure out social characteristics of Sufism. As the teachings of ‘the generous’ were linked with the principles of Suffism, it appeared as a school for teaching piety, and asceticism to the public. On the other hand, the influence of the generous on suffi folks raised the possibility of criticism among the discourses in the scope of Islamin Suffism. ‘Malamatiyeh’ can be considered as a trail for ‘the generous’, developed to stop the corruption among the ascetics. Firmness of the theoretical framework of the inter-discourse criticism resulted in strengthening its practicality, and the development of the movement of ‘qalandarieh’ against artificial and hypocritical asceticism

According to the theory of inter-textual phenomenon, any text consists of elements stem from the mental efforts of its author or other authors` who influence that text directly or indirectly. Moreover, to have a correct analysis of Arabic literature development, one needs to consider the Arabic culture of the past.Amin Ul- Raihani is one of the prominent figures of Mahjar literature and his prose poem has been under great impact of Nahj-Ul- Balagha. This paper aims to show specimens of this influence.