جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Nonverbal Communication » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Signs are important tool for conveying messages and consequently meaning in a wide range of dimensions in human life. Semiotics, by deciphering the signs in various phenomena, has has contributed to the explaination and identification of signs in human life. Ebrahim Nasrollah has written numerous literary works which have been warmly received in prestigious festivals and falls. For instance, the writer has won the Arab Poker Prize for Harb al-Kalb al-Thaniyah. This study draws on semiotics in order to examine the representation and classification of non-verbal behavior in this novel. In this fantasy novel, which deals with fear and anxiety, the writer has used semantic fields related to anger, anxiety, fear and surprise. The author has also a special ability in characterization and staging as he uses various elements to create a terrifying and anxious atmosphere.  It is observed that the author has used 135 non-verbal cues in this novel, with replacement and emphasis respectively as the most and least frequent ones. The results indicate that the speaker plays the most important role in conveying the meanings of non-verbal cues. The novelist has used different semantic domains in various situations. Anger and, consequently, shouting is one of the most prominent themes used in this novel. The fear and anxiety about being like each other fills people with hatred. In addition to these cases, Rashid's love for his wife is an insatiable one. In different parts of the story, thinking also has an imprtant role. Surprise is the other element that permeates the novel. It is observed that Nasrallah has a special capabiltity in inviting the audience to read the novel given his ability in characterization and staging.

Body language (body language) is one of the important components of branches such as philosophy and psychology that has found its way into fiction and even poetic literature and has semantic and semiotic functions that play an important role in shaping and strengthening fictional elements. Palestinian-born author Rabi al-Madhoon is the winner of the prestigious 2016 Arabic Poker Award, which uses a variety of body language and nonverbal cues in his novel, in addition to the use of speech. The present article has tried to study the elements of non-verbal communication and explain their function in understanding the word and help characterization in this novel by using the semiotic method. The results show that Al-Madhoon has used a total of 145 non-verbal cues, of which 130 have a substitution function, 14 complementary and 1 control, and are mostly expressed in the form of parazban. He also combines themes such as anxiety, sadness, happiness, interest, thinking and surprise in a small novel. Al-Mahdoon has tried to characterize using non-verbal elements; As an example, he uses these elements to describe Julie as a kind and compassionate person to her mother who has a strong interest in the land of Acre. Mahmoud Dehman is a resilient figure who has fought against the occupying regime in Jerusalem.

Semiotics, also called semiology, is the study of signs and sign-using behavior. It was defined by one of its founders, the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, as the study of “the life of signs within society.” Although the word was used in this sense in the 17th century by the English philosopher John Locke, the idea of semiotics as an interdisciplinary field of study emerged only in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the independent works of Saussure and the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. Saussure treated language as a sign-system, and his work in linguistics supplied the concepts and methods that semioticians applied to sign-systems other than language. One such basic semiotic concept is Saussure’s distinction between the two inseparable components of a sign, namely the signifier, which is linguistically a set of speech sounds or marks on a page, and the signified, which is the concept or idea behind the sign. Saussure also distinguished parole, or actual individual utterances, from langue, the underlying system of conventions that makes such utterances understandable. It is this underlying langue that most interests semioticians. The interest in the structure behind the use of particular signs linked semiotics with the methods of structuralism, which sought to analyze such relations. Saussure’s theories are, thus, also considered to be fundamental to structuralism (especially structural linguistics) and poststructuralism. The relationship between language and emotions can be viewed from two viewpoints. First, language, in a broad sense, can be viewed as being emotive. Taking this view, it is commonly assumed that people, at least on occasions, have emotions, and that being emotional gains its own agency, impacting the communicative situation in a variety of ways. This can also take place extralinguistically (e.g. by facial expressions, body postures, proximity, and the like), in terms of suprasegmentational and prosodic features, and in terms of linguistic forms. In this view, language and emotion are two concurrent, parallel systems in use, and their relationship is due to the impacts of emotions on the performance of the language. Both of them share their functionality in the communicative process among people. If language is conceived of as merely representing the world of emotions and/or people's conceptualizations and understandings of the emotions, it offers an immediate access. Language, in this view, is transparent. However, if it is conceived of in one or another way as contributing to how emotions are understood, or even, to what emotions are, the relationship is not direct but mediated. As far as the narrative literature is concerned, the earliest philological studies of gesture show a strong interest in cultural history. They complemented contemporary writings in folklore, folk psychology and comparative linguistics that attempted to take the inventory of the gestures in various cultures, in particular those of the Greeks and Romans and of the European Middle Ages.

For any interaction with another person, we communicate with each other primarily through nonverbal channels. This occurs through multiple channels and is both strategic and non-strategic.  This includes body language, voice tone, clothing and adornments, the environment, timing, and touch. For nonverbal communication, a single element such as choosing where to sit during a negotiation or meeting or perhaps a hand gesture can be viewed as having a minimal importance on the overall impact of the situation.

Personality is the manifestation of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. While there are many different definitions of personality, most scholars focus on the pattern of behaviors and characteristics that can help to predict and explain a person's behavior. Traits and patterns of thought and emotion play important roles along with fundamental characteristics of personality. The major characteristics are as follows:   a) Consistency: There is generally a recognizable order and regularity to behaviors. Essentially, people act in the same ways or similar ways in a variety of situations.   b) Psychological and physiological features: Personality is a psychological construct, but research suggests that it is also influenced by biological processes and needs.   c) Behaviors and actions: Personality not only influences how we move and respond to our environment, but it also causes us to act in certain ways.   d) Multiple expressions: Personality is displayed in more than just behavior. It can also be seen in our thoughts, feelings, close relationships, and other social interactions.   In the mentioned novel, there are several examples of cultural and social issues related to women that show an instrumental view of women. The social rights of women in this novel are not equal to those of men, and they are victims of what the patriarchal society figured out for them. Much of the behavior of the female characters in this novel arises from and is influenced by the cultural atmosphere of the society a few decades ago, whose cultural and social characteristics are revealed through what the society expect from women's behaviors, relationships and beliefs. The different women in this novel are the product of the world, i.e., thinking, culture, and upbringing of patriarchal societies. They have experienced emotions that are often formed under certain coercive conditions, and, in this novel, they move from tradition to modernity.  They must both play the role of the beloved as a delicate creature and satisfy the opposite sex in the community and protecting their chastity and innocence in an atmosphere full of inequality as well as hidden verbal and physical violence. In this situation where the woman is still recognized as a veiled being, she is deprives of the possibility of direct communication with others. So, it makes the non-verbal communication of women more highlighted in the novel.

The following table shows the presence of non-verbal connotations in the novel Ayyām maʻah:   total head hand position face   757 40 71 138 508 frequency Ayyām maʻah 100% 5% 10% 18% 67% percentage   The relationship of the story characters to the feminine characters' non-verbal face-related signs has a high frequency.  This indicates the importance of body language is in the relationships of the characters in the story. The high frequency of facial expressions in the novel is due to the fact that, in the non-verbal communication of the novel characters especially when the parties are women, facial expressions that include lip and mouth movements and eye gestures are more usable and visible. They are one of the main channels of messaging through which a huge amount of information is transmitted to the addressee in a relatively short time in the form of looks, laughter, crying and kissing. Regarding the importance of eye gestures in the non-verbal communication of the characters of the novel, it should be noted that the eye is the instance of the face and participates in revealing the hidden secrets of the person with other parts of the face. This is evident throughout the story and in the interpersonal relationships of the female characters, especially "Reem". Also, the non-verbal communication modules in the book contain more positive concepts to express satisfaction with the past, present happiness and hope for the future. This mood of the female characters in the story and their mostly confirmatory and peaceful personality are appropriate.

Examining different texts from the perspective of non-verbal communication, which are chains of wide-ranging signs, can lead to a fresh read of the text and uncover its multiple semantic layers. The use of signs and ciphers as an effective tool in all aspects of life is increasing, so that the main function of signs is the transfer of meaning through the message system. On the other hand, in the era of bombardment of signs, one of the most widely used and effective methods in analyzing various types of texts, literary and artistic works is their semiotic analysis. Al-Napati's novel is the work of Youssef Zidan, a contemporary Egyptian writer who represents the personal life of narrator Marie's story, and the introduction of Islam into the land of Egypt. The present article attempts to investigate the semantics of non-verbal communication in this novel using a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research indicate that the author has used various indicators for different expressions such as: affection and kindness, fear, happiness, happiness, surprise, etc., and thus their power in the use of communication Non-verbal.

Signs are tangible and visible phenomena implied by a relationship with an absent phenomenon. Semiotics is a science that examines the types of signs, the factors involved in the process of their production, exchange, and their interpretation as well as the rules governing the signs. Non-verbal communication is one of the branches of semiotics that encompasses a variety of people's motor behaviors including facial expressions, body movements, gestures, and conversational adjustment movements. This type of communication has six functions of complementing, denying, repeating, controlling, substituting, and emphasizing. In this regard, the present study sought to examine the novel Mawton Saqiron written by Mohammed Hassan Alvan, a contemporary Saudi writer, from the point of view of non-verbal communication symptoms including facial expressions, eye states, hand and head movements, and so on. The significance of the present novel dates back to its selection as a Poker Prize in 2017, and its semantic review has been a major necessity of the present study. The results showed that scholars have benefited most from hand, face, and head posture along with their related functions. The author has used these modes to express issues such as anger, fear, anxiety, and distress. Along these, other modes and organs are also involved in delivering the author’s messages. Most of these messages also have a succession function.

Semiotics is one of the interdisciplinary sciences that studies and analyzes the signs and the meaning behind them. Nonverbal communication is one of the branches of semiotics that encompasses a variety of people's motor behaviors including facial expressions, body movements, gestures, and conversation adjustment movements. Also, attitudes, postures, attire, facial communication, body gestures, artifacts, time, place, music, etc. are nonverbal communication symptoms that can independently convey a message or help to convey verbal messages. Become more influential. This type of communication has six functions of complementing, denying, repeating, controlling, substituting, and emphasizing. In this regard, the present study seeks to examine the work of contemporary Tunisian author Shukri Mabkhout's novel from the standpoint of nonverbal communication symptoms including facial expressions, eye states, taste and smell, objects, distance, etc. This new reading of the text makes it possible for the reader to decode the messages that the author conveyed through non-verbal elements. The importance of Al-Talani's novel goes back to its selection as a Poker Prize in 2015, and its semantic review has been a major necessity of the present study. The results indicate that al-Makhbouth has benefited the most from various facial expressions and functions and their implications. He has used these cases to express such things as fear of something strange, satisfaction, ridicule, shame and shame. Alongside these, other modes and organs are also involved in delivering the author's messages. Most of these messages also have a succession function.

Writers and poets to create a work of art of various techniques are helping; An array of traditional rhetoric that is so material that would be a beautiful text. Beihaqi as intelligent a writer to create a living history of various techniques, including nonverbal communication is used. He efficient means of nonverbal communication plan to link these practices with the subject's expression of metonymy. Nonverbal communication consists of all nonverbal stimuli in a communication environment by both the source (transmitter) and its use of the environment there and has potential value for the message sender and recipient. So nonverbal communication or message body, as happens when a person with communication channels, affect another person. This may be intentional or unintentional and can be applied to a wide range of phenomena that covers a wide area, from the expression of the face and body pointing to the fashion and status symbols, from dance and drama to play music and mute.In this Essay, after introducing the components of nonverbal communication and the importance of the role of metaphor in relation to the extraction and analysis were discussed. The researcher is that the various components , the physical appearance of the person's social status and position , preparing for work , courage and militancy , dandyism and charm ...and gesture component for supporting and in favor of the person , hate the demotion , showing the power and grandeur , and had the highest frequency .

The masters of literary works use verbal and nonverbal communication to present their thoughts and ideas more effectively. Although the poets and writers use literary language for aesthetic statement, they are not inattentive to nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is a collection of nonverbal stimulants in a communicational area created by both the source and this area and has potential message values for the source and receiver. This communication contains all unconscious body movements, appearances, voice specifications and the types of place and distance. Although it is not a certain medium for transmitting a message from one person to another, but it is more explicit than the oral language.
This study attempted to analyze the samples of nonverbal communication, including physical appearance, gesture and movement, face and eye behavior, area and territoriality, tactility, environment and the nature of surroundings and period in the Hasanak the vizier’s story and endeavored to show how they made Bayhaqi’s language more effective. The results of the research show that the nonverbal message of phonetic behavior used for explaining the person’s emotions like protest, sadness, modesty, failure of communication, ridicule, lack of interest, etc. has the highest frequency and the nonverbal message of tactility, due to the description of court characters using it rarely, except for violence and contention, has the lowest frequency. In spite of mentioning the eight items of nonverbal communication in different sources of research, it seems that the Bayhaqi’s descriptions and preparation of surroundings in making a text narrative can be one of the nonverbal communication items not taken into consideration before.

Boostan or Sadiname is one of the most valuable works in Persian literature. This book that depicting sadis ideal world, has high capacity for interdisciplinary. In recent years many researchers have considerated on communication category. In a general segmentation communication can be dividing in two types: verbal and nonverbal. Nonverbal communications in relation process can contain roles like completion, deny, repetition, control, succession, and injunctive and sometimes perform many roles together. Some researchers believe the nonverbal communications that including face mode, gestures, sight and body contact, modes and lingual issues, in some situations are more important than verbal communications. They believe sometimes a smile can reveal emotions better than words. Bird whistell and Albert mehrabian , pioneers of nonverbal researches field, believe sixty five or ninthy tree percent of transferring meanings and purposes performed through nonverbal behaviors during the communication. In this article nonverbal communication analysis in sadis boostan and determined functionality and aims of nonverbal behaviors.

Body Language refers to the application of metalinguistic or nonverbal elements to have communication. This language includes a broad set of gestural & behavioral phenomena which are directly or indirectly applied for political purposes. Although politicians can conceal their real roles and intentions behind words & sentences, they cannot hide the elements of their body language. The analysis of politicians’ bodily movements & gestures makes it possible for us to delve into their political mindset, thoughts & goals. As tools for the analysis of nonverbal communication in ‘Beihaghi History’, the elements of body language can be categorized into four main classes; 1)facial expressions & movements; 2)body & head gestures & movements; 3) hand movements & gestures; and finally 4)the other movement behaviors. Facial expressions which reflect a politician’s skills for continence and tendency for communication or ignorance imply concepts such as verification, rejection, regret, humiliation and pretence. While hand movements can imply other concepts such as respect, accord, loyalty, murder and capture. The point worth considering is that many issues which are impossible to be verbally expressed or communicated can be expressed through body language or nonverbal communication. More importantly, body language as a metalanguage not only has the potentiality to convey the intended message in the best possible manner, but also it leaves no justifiable clue for the message expressed nonverbally. That is why many political unspeakable issues are easily expressed through body language.