جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « situational satire » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Humor has been a consistent presence in Persian literature since its inception, serving as a literary device for political and social critique, as well as a means to imbue works with a lighter tone. Nezami Ganjavi, a pioneer of satirical writing in the 6th century, utilized satirical techniques to not only critique the social, cultural, and moral milieu of his era, but also to infuse his narratives with an element of amusement. In his poem "Leyli and Majnun," the incorporation of humorous verses serves to alleviate the somber narrative and engage the audience. The rhetorical framework governing the work has provided a platform for humorous discourse and expression. Utilization of identification and simile as prevalent literary techniques within this framework has given rise to situational humor. Additionally, wordplay, a hallmark of the 6th-century (Arrani) style, has been extensively employed, contributing to verbal humor. Etiology and paradox, two other devices, have frequently contributed to tempering the story's solemn atmosphere. The humor in Nezami's works has been subtly interwoven within the layers of language, often evading immediate recognition, thus adding a touch of subtle irony to his verses. 

Shamlou has used various linguistic techniques and artistic arrangements to influence the audience, and satire is one of the aspects of his poetry. The literary value of satire is the birth of certain rhetorical elements and their application to particular techniques. Satire has been classified in a variety of ways and in terms of structure, satire is divided into situational (circumstances) satire and verbal satire. The origin of this satire is the poet's life and worldview and with it, the claimants trample on hypocrisy, cruelty and ignorance. Techniques such as: the reconciliation of the appositives, exaggeration, contradiction, simile to animals, their allegory, and their subordinates, are more effective in creating satirical satire in Shamlou's poetry. In the verbal satire series, more linguistic-expressive games, irony and cursing are found in his poems. Many of these techniques have multiplied and combined their literary influence in one poem and Shamlou's style has been instrumental in foregrounding his satire. The satire in Shamlou's poetry is more in the depth of his work and the reconciliation of the appositives and contradictions is the most frequent and illustrated of most of his satireous techniques. This paper first introduces the rhetorical techniques of satire in a descriptive-analytical way and then analyzes it with evidence of the poetry of Ahmad Shamlou.