جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اسلام هراسی » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

One of the main discourses in the contemporary world is the issue of Islamophobia, which intensified from the second half of the 20th century with the occurrence of Islamic freedom-seeking movements and, most importantly, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, and in the meantime, Zionist Christians consider Shiites as a major threat. From the side of Islamic civilization, he thought for his religious beliefs and teachings and with the extensive guidance of the media, he tried to shape the public opinion of the world against the Shiites. Now the question is, what is the main goal of Zionist Christianity in promoting and propagating the issue of Islamophobia? The hypothesis states that Zionist Christianity is a cultural, political and discourse movement that, relying on Talmudic teachings and apocalyptic conflict, intends to destroy the most important enemy of Israel (Muslims) by promoting Islamophobia and cause the continuation of this regime. The theoretical framework of the article, inspired by the discourse analysis method of Laclau and Mofe, seeks to prove this hypothesis, which explains the desired indicators with the help of a descriptive method, and the results of the research show that the reason for this is largely due to their literal interpretations of the Bible. It is related that Muslims are always a potential threat to the existence of the Zionist regime

"Islamophobia" is a part of the existence of the discourse in the epistemic framework of the intellectual system in the Western world and has been influencing the political and cultural views of Western societies towards Muslim societies for decades. Since one of the sources of knowledge of Islam, especially in Western and sometimes Muslim societies, is the Encyclopedia of Islam, many references to the Encyclopedia of Islam in contemporary scientific research and its place among Islamic scholars. Studies and world fame have caused the goal of this research to be far from the essentialist point of view to the achievements of oriental studies and to attribute Islamophobia to the authors of the articles of the encyclopedia of Islam. This research seeks to answer the question of how Islamophobia is manifested in the representation of Islamic history and heritage in the articles of the Encyclopedia of Islam (EI2). What methods are used to create the image of Islamophobia in these articles? This article is done in a descriptive-analytical way, relying on the methods of inference and qualitative questioning. Several entry authors by presenting a concealed interpretation within the envelope of reality, reducing the characteristics of the Islamic elite to a few simplistic and exaggerated depictions of negative traits, omitting or distort certain aspects of reality, amplify or diminish the significance of event, selecting, method of organization and arranging the contents, and pouring the information in a specific interpretative framework aligned with their tendency or interests, have renovated an Islamophobic portrayal of historical events related to the beginning of Islam. In describing the historical events of early Islam with methods such as image-making, stereotyping, gatekeeping, agenda setting, and framing, we have represented a distinct image of Islam, which leads to fear and hatred in the minds of the audience.

After the insecurity in West Asia and the emergence of the extremist terrorist group ISIS, we have seen the acceptance of the European people from the extreme right-wing parties in Europe. Although apparently these two issues are formed in two different geographical regions, but from the point of view of this research, there is a relationship between the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in West Asia and the rise of extreme right in Europe; Therefore, this research has emerged in response to the question that Islamic fundamentalism in West Asia has had an impact on the rise of European far-right parties? The findings show that with the emergence of fundamentalism in West Asia, the middle variable of Muslim immigration to Europe caused the extreme right parties to turn the opinion of a significant part of the voters in the elections towards the security of immigrant Muslims and linking them to the insecurities of Europe. attract; Therefore, the emergence of xenophobia and anti-immigrant discourses in the sphere of European societies by far-right parties caused these slogans to be associated with a significant reception of the people in the elections and the victory of the far-right.

At the beginning of the French presidential election in 2017, Emmanuel Macron, as one of the candidates of this election, chanted the slogan of supporting an inclusive society with cultural diversity. Nevertheless, France has faced the increasing growth of "Islamophobia" with the beginning of his presidency in 2017 compared to previous years. In other words, contrary to his presidential slogans, Macron has had anti-Islamic positions and policies during his 5-year presidency (2017-2022). Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the reasons and goals of Emmanuel Macron's anti-Islamic policies during the first term of his presidency. In fact, this article seeks to answer the question "what are the goals of Macron's anti-Islamic policies?" The research hypothesis is that some factors such as deviating public opinion from domestic problems, deriving political benefits for the 2022 presidential election, taking advantages to support the anti-Islamic law approval in the parliament, and concerns about the Muslim population growth in France pushed the Macron government to adopt Islamophobic positions. The current study is carried out with a descriptive and analytical method, and information is collected under library and documentary research method, containing books, specialized articles, and the Internet.

Roots and Causes of Iranophobia in EuropeToday, western media air a wave of distortion against Iran. One of their presumed goals in depicting this distorted picture is to intensify “Iranophobia” throughout the West-Asia region and worldwide. Imam Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, has repeatedly pointed to the issue of Iranophobia and highlighted the fact that Washington uses the ploy of Iranophobia to sell weapons to Arab countries and to make Muslims neglectful of the Zionist regime.Nations do not hold animosity against Iran. Not even Western nations hold enmity against Iran. They might spread propaganda to promote Iranophobia and Islamophobia. They might propagate Islamophobia in certain places and Iranophobia and Shia-phobia in other places. They might make such efforts, but wherever the truth becomes clear to the people, not only will they not show enmity towards the Islamic Republic, but they will also embrace and support such movements by nations. It is the oppressive powers and the pharaohs of the world that show enmity. This enmity is like that which Pharaoh showed towards Musa [Moses]. He knew that Moses was right. He knew that.

Europe is affected by developments and crises due to its proximity to the insecure region of the Middle East. Hence, it can be said that the emergence of the international terrorist group ISIS caused the issue of terrorism not only to be limited to West Asia, but also to directly and indirectly confront Europe with various destabilizing threats. This descriptive-analytical compilation study seeks to answer the question of how the emergence of terrorism has affected European countries and what have been the consequences? The findings show that, first, the terrorist acts of the group's members on European soil have posed security threats, and second, that the influx of Middle Eastern refugees into Europe has provoked a wave of reactions in Europe. Meanwhile, the European far right has used the issue of immigration for election campaigns and slogans, and has been widely welcomed.

Most Muslims in the United States suffer from discrimination and injustice in society and the political system of this country and consider it as a phenomenon of Islamophobia. Islamophobia against Muslims in the United States is a structural phenomenon based on ideological and institutional teachings. So in this article, we will try to answer the questions: How have anti-Islamic structures and institutions in the United States been influenced by neoconservative thinking? And how do Islamophobic ideologies fuel the spread of Islamophobia in this country? And what are the consequences of this anti-Islamic vision at the level of the American political system against American Muslims? After analyzing the situation of Muslims in the United States, we believe that the main ideological doctrine of discrimination against Muslims and other minorities in the United States is the neoconservative cultural, political, social, and economic system. The main fruit of this system is the production of inequality. Therefore, within this system, equality of Muslims with political elites and capitalists is difficult, and the main function of the political system is to maintain this inequality. That is why anti-Islamic capitalist institutions and structures have spread Islamophobia by funding the political system, one of the most important consequences of which is to create bottlenecks in the social, legal and religious life of Muslims in the United States. The theoretical framework of this paper is based on thought neoconservatism and the research method has a descriptive and analytical approach and the method of data collection is based on the library and reliable internet resources.

The issue of the future of Islam and Muslims in Western Europe is an important issue in scientific and political circles. This issue has taken on special security and political dimensions due to the emergence of terrorist groups and operations in the Middle East and Western European countries. In this study, according to the methods of futurology and scenario writing, possible and probable scenarios for the future of Islam and Muslims in Europe have been proposed. Four optimistic scenarios: coexistence and cultural diversity and freedom of action of Muslims; Pessimistic scenario: de-Islamization and secularization of Islam; the miracle scenario: the domination of Islam over Europe and the catastrophe scenario: the mental and practical isolation of Muslims and the increase of tensions are considered as possible scenarios and then each of them has been evaluated and validated. The most likely prediction is a combination of different approaches, especially the integration and promotion of individual Islam and the continuation of Islamophobia may be predicted as current for the future of Islam and Muslims in Western Europe.

Cinema today plays an important role in cultural education and in addition to entertaining people, and sometimes this function has a preference over other practical aspects of cinema. Hollywood cinema is known as the hub of world cinema and plays an important role in advancing Western cultural goals and persuading public opinion on a variety of issues, including political, religious, economic, and so on. One of the western uses of Hollywood cinema has been to advance the goals of Islamophobia. In this research, the films have been analyzed and analyzed using the qualitative method of semiotic analysis and attempted to examine some of the features represented for Muslims by examining Hollywood productions. This study seeks to answer the question of how Hollywood describes Muslim faces. The purpose of this study is to understand the approach of Hollywood cinema and consequently the United States of America towards Islam and Muslims. Research findings suggest that among the features portrayed by Muslims in Hollywood films can be terrorist, savage, cruel, ruthless, ruthless, rational, cowardly, lawless, lustful, Johnny, vindictive and vengeful, etc. Cited. Of course, some of the good features, including family-friendliness, are also applied to Muslims.

Noticing the media efforts of Islamophobia and the creation of a disproportionate image of Islam, the purpose of this paper is presenting perfect image of Islam in Press TV. The two letters of Iranian supreme leader to the youth of EU&USA and other statements related to the subject gathered for the content analysis method. The outputs of the first step categorized in 15 molds and 7 overall topics (Phobia making, history and civilization, true Islam, current problems, Islam and other ideologies, Islam and the Westand the West Society). By this step, 30 experts of media and religion field targeted to taking a semi- structured interview. After analyzing the qualitative content of the interview texts, the output derived of this step divided in two parts: Assessing the present condition of Press TV and offering the suitable strategies for its content management. Proposed strategies were categorized and summarized in three areas: the programing (audience research, content creation, message distribution and feedback), the planning (in or out of Press TV), and organizational structure (human resources, TV’s organizational issues and so problems of channel). Finally, the media cycles which presented by this research recommended for Press TV in order to take an effective media strategy due to studying media and its language.

The Takfiri Salafist currents have been considered by the world's public opinions, not in the context of thought and belief, but as an international terrorist current. These currents that search for their diversion roots in the history of Islam, with the excommunication of all divine debts and Islamic religions, the principle of assassination and fear has replaced the principle of Jihad and the terrorist ideology of Islam has been offered to international public opinion. This currents has created the fields of strengthening Islamophobia in the West due to the presentation of an
unrealistic, controversial, caricature form of genuine Islam. The formation and expansion of the activity of Takfiri currents are dependent on multifaceted factors that their identification and investigation has had an effective role in preventing the  activities of these currents. According to the findings of this study, the lack of governance of democratic systems, ethnic-religious conflicts, the interference of external factors and the support of great powers from takfiri celestial events are among the main factors behind the formation of these currents.

"Islamophobia" is a term that has been on the agenda of Western adversaries since the 1980s, but it has become a special consideration since September 11, 2002. This article attempts to investigate the causes of this phenomenon in Europe and its severity in recent years. Several factors such as historical, cultural, political ideology and the September 11 incident are mentioned in this regard. And then the consequences of this phenomenon in Europe in general and in Germany in particular is analyzed. This article has an analytical-comparative approach based on the historical study method. The result of these studies is that the normalization of Islamophobia has become the strategy of a Western society with the aim of prevalence a liberal political pattern.

With the anti-Muslim approach, the Austrian Freedom Party has been able to attract the attention of the people and the main parties to the issue of immigration and Muslims, but what is considered as a significant issue and reflection on the party's approach is its strong opposition to Turkey. Given the fact that Turkey has a large historical relationship with Austria, today a large number of members of the country are Austrian troops and each day their population is increased by immigration or generational production. Therefore, the attention of the Austrian Free Movement Party This minority has been targeted. Turkey, on the other hand, is also trying to become a member of the European Union and has thus been bitterly opposed to membership in the European Union. The present paper has been compiled by an analytical and descriptive method, and the main question is what is the reason why the Austrian Free Trade Movement opposes the Turkish government? In response to this question, it is suggested that the Austrian Freedom Party opposes Turkey with an emphasis on historical, social, cultural-ideological reasons and to attract voters in the elections.

Islamophobia is a term that conceptually means fear of Islam and a fear that is more fictitious and places Islam against other civilizations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the phenomenon of Islamophobia as one of the most important problems facing the Islamic world and to identify the most important strategies for coping with this phenomenon. This research is applied one in terms of its purpose and in terms of methodology is a descriptive-analytical study. The main tools for collecting information are clamping tools, questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis method is using quantitative and qualitative methods that have been extracted using SWOT strategies. The findings of this study show that the Islamic world in general against the spread of the phenomenon of Islamophobia has been drawn from five factors of strength and six weaknesses. In total, eight opportunities and no threats were extracted in terms of external factors. The results of this research show that in Swat strategic environment and in accordance with the four-fold environments, 13 strategies were extracted that in the end we were placed in the defensive realm after giving weight.

Islamophobia is said to be an ‘unfounded hostility towards Islam and Muslims’. It is our contention that we need to rethink this definition, and see Islamophobia not as an ‘unfounded hostility’, but a hostility for which some reasons may exist. It is important to acknowledge that Islamophobia attitudes are rooted in a complex socio-political ideology. In order to understand Islamophobia, one should be familiar with classical texts and contemporary works related to explanatory frameworks such as Clash of Civilizations and Orientalism. In this article, Orientalism (especially Edward Said’s critical approach) as one of the most important conceptual frameworks will be discussed in detail. First, we review the history and definitions of Orientalism, its political functions and interaction between Islam and Orientalists during the past three centuries. After that, the main hypothesis of this article is examined: the concept of Islamophobia draws extensively on Orientalist cultural stereotypes; stereotypes that depict the Orient as “backward, crude, aberrant, irrational, invariable, fanatic, evil, militant, extremist, terrorist, feminine and sexually corrupt”. Overall, this article claims that Orientalism provides a classical framework in understanding relationships between the ‘West’ (and the ‘Rest’) and Muslims in particular.

The issues of "Islamophobia" and "Iranophobia" contain extensive discussions that have been addressed a wider discourse in the recent years, due to the various research and theories. According to the different debates, a diverse collection of intellectual controversies and theories are concerning with in Islamophobia and Iranophobia. Despite these efforts, the indeterminate and vague nature of this phenomenon causes the ambiguity of these two themes that includes a wide range of different modernism, postmodernism, radicalism and violent discourses in the West. In addition to the necessity of the comprehension of Islamophobia and Iranophobia, there is a need to argue and present strategies to deal with them. Thus, the main focus of this paper lies on how to manage and deal with the Islamophobia and Iranophobia policies in the West and find solutions to reduce the negative impacts on the identity of Muslims.

It has been known certain that Islamophobia in the West lies in a rootless and irrational fear and prejudice against Islam. The fact has been emphasized by a team of researchers with many evidences. On the one hand, some have viewed Islamophobia as a result of the conspiracy theory and the fabrication of their illusionist minds of Muslims to confront any scientific critique. As viewed by some, paying little attention to what said by the critics of Islamophobia may be regarded as one weaknesses of present researches in this field. The present paper, using the descriptive-analytical method and surveying documents, has studied the most important theories and views of the critics or those denying Islamophobia in three distinct sections: a) some scholars, while confirming the empirical fact (the existence of a current opposing Islam and Muslims in the West), do not consider the word Islamophobia as appropriate; (b) Some viewed Islamophobia as not being an emerging phenomenon, which constitutes a new form of racism; (c) Others essentially deny the existence of Islamophobia and all its symbols.

Islamophobia in recent decades as a serious challenge for Western governments, particularly the British people has been raised. This problem was exacerbated after the events of September 11 and took on a new dimension. This Issue is rooted in the past and the actions of some Islamic Extremist groups. But Western think tanks had active role to intensify and magnify that. The question of this paper is that what is the role of think tanks to strengthen, expand, and direct the Islamophobia?
Using the Descriptive and analytical method and by review and monitor the activities of the think tank "policy change" in the UK we will answer the question. Our studies show that Western think tanks like Policy Exchange are trying to introduce Islam and moslim as a major threat for the policy makers and citizens of the western contries by publishing reports against Islam.