جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بازنگری » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Velayat al-Faqih is one of the important principles of the constitution, which has undergone changes over time. One of these important changes took place in the revision of the 1368 Constitution. The aim of the current research is to compare the position of the religious authority before and after the revision of the constitution. In fact, the main focus of the review is the changes that have occurred in this principle. The question of the current research is, what are the reasons for the changes in the authority and status of the legal guardian and the application of absolute restriction to it in the revision of the constitution of 1368? The hypothesis of the research is established in such a way that the consolidation of the powers of the jurist, such as the powers of the infallible (PBUH), the more favorable regulation of the relations of the three powers and the solution of the problems of the Islamic system that cannot be solved by normal means, including the reasons for changing the principle of the guardianship of the jurist to the guardianship He is an absolute jurist. The findings of the research show that the absolute authority of the jurist, while adhering to the constitution, which originates from the Sharia, requires powers that can solve the problems of the Islamic system, which can always pose a threat. In the current research, the descriptive-analytical method was used and referring to the details of the deliberations of the Assembly of Constitutional Experts.

Political divisions are one of the issues that countries pay attention to for better economic, cultural, social and administrative planning. Although political divisions are done to reduce decentralization, they must really meet national security goals. Khuzestan province has been one of the most challenging provinces in terms of security, environment and economy in recent decades, and it seems that the division of the country may be effective in reducing the problems of the province. Therefore, the present study uses descriptive-analytical and applied methods to explain the need to review the political divisions of Khuzestan province in order to prevent police management crises. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the most important reasons for the need for political divisions using the SWAT strategic analysis model and its effects on the prevention of police management crises in Khuzestan province. The results showed that the strategy of the need to review the political divisions of Khuzestan province (formation of two provinces of North and South Khuzestan) can be effective in reducing the problems of the province and provide many opportunities at the local, national and regional levels for this province and the western region. Brought.

Reviewing international documents is a manifestation of dynamics of rights. The most common way is to achieve maximum consensus of the Members. The statute of International Criminal Court states how to revise it. At the Kampala Conference 2010, important points about review were introduced. The 2017 New York Conference largely complemented the efforts of ICC member states at the Kampala Conference. The main question is based on how effective is the proposed solution in the statute and to what extent have all the capacities been used? It seems that all the capacities of the statute, including the capacity of the Security Council, have not been used by the Contracting States in the solutions presented. Therefore, the assessment of the court's performance is faced with serious criticism. Based on the legal doctrine and the international documents (UN, ICJ, ICC) the present study examines and criticizes the principles of revision, practical procedures and documents of international organizations.

The law on water distribution is one of the most important laws introduced after the victory of the Islamic Revolution regarding water resources and consumption. The law was implemented in line with Article 45 of the Constitution in order to revise the principles of water law and how it was nationalized in order to establish a fair water distribution system. Unfortunately, despite the rapid pace of social / climate and economic developments, this law has not been amended since 1971. Although Acceptance and flexibility versus reality and changes is a sign of intelligence, it should not hamper the implementation of the law. In fact, Due to the environmental changes, review periods are defined to bring the law into line with the needs of the community, to be intelligently flexible with change so that people can implement the law completely (Failure to fully implement the law). The revision process should be transparent, democratic. This study is an analytical approach aimed at revising the fair water distribution law. The findings of this study show that in some partsof this law violates other laws. The rules should be generated for everyone and exceptions result in abusing the water resources. Also, according to the poor state of water resources, especially the decline in water quality, there should be the possibility to amend existing laws and create new ones.

The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was revised in 1989. The question of this research is what the dominant discourses on this revision are and on what elements they focused. Reforms seem to be the result of rivalry between the Islamic leftist and rightist discourses. Islamic leftist, believed in velayat-e faghih, was trying to find a balance between the republicanism and Islamism of system and they also believed in propositions such as the impossibility of dissolving the parliament by the leadership, timing the course of leadership, the divine-people legitimacy of the government, the leader’s responsibility to people, coordination of the powers by the president, and opposition to leader’s delegate. While the Islamic rightist believed in Velayat-e Motlaghe faqih and define republicanism under Islamism Therefore, they believed in propositions such as the dissolution of the parliament, the dismissal of the president, opposition to the timing of leadership period, the divine basi3s legitimacy of the government, and the presence and involvement of a leadership delegate in executive bodies. The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant discourses on the constitution revision of Iran in 1989 based on the method of discourse analysis.

The present article describes the evolution of the constitution in Iran; seeking to answer this question, what was the principle of revising the constitution of 1906 and is the constitution of Islamic Republic? And if we want to review the possibility of revising some of the current constitutional principles (approved in 1989), what would be a significant difference to this possibility or impossibility of reviewing? The findings of the research indicate that in the Constitution of 1906, due to the prevention of the return of tyranny and in the constitution (approved in 1979) of the Islamic Republic, due to the initial conditions of the revolution and the protection of the constitution against the post-revolutionary political storms, Revision of any of the above fundamental laws is not considered. However, the Constitution of 1906 was reviewed several times by various interpretations. However, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, after the constitutional amendments in 1989, the review principle (art. 177) has been incorporated into constitutional provisions, along with some other changes. It also seems that in the review of the constitution of 1989 it is possible to refrain from or refuse to review some of the issues of disagreement, such as the presidential or parliamentary system, the Expediency Council, the city councils, the presidential conditions, and so on. To answer the paper’s question, the comparative-analytical method and the library study technique were used.

Article Seventy-three of the draft constitution was dedicated to the revision of the constitution, but in the Review Meeting and final ratification in year 1358 because of the Conditions of time this principle can not be adopted. The need to reform the constitution was approved, when happened serious problems within the system (legislative, executive, judicial) that arising from the multiplicity of decision-making and existence of parallel organization in the country, But it was delayed due to war and other issues; Finally, in year 1368 with the end of the war, provided the enabling and conducive environment to a change in the constitution that Imam Khomeini by issuing the command review, demanded changes and amendments to the constitution that  followed by Created a focus on the management structure of the country and last season of constitution was devoted to reload and the article one hundred and seventy-seven as "the Reload" took place in the constitution.

Islamic wakefulness brought along extensive consequences while coming through a new stage along with the revolution in the Arabic countries in 2011. There was a hope for a new, regional order to be developed with the growing trend of people’s revolutions, but owing to not ending the revolution and the deviation of Islamic wakefulness, opposition, hostility, and internal war in some of the countries of the region, the fate of nations of region came across with dangerous challenges.
The study of the grounds and factors effective on this trend within the framework of opportunities and threats of Islamic wakefulness would be an important step towards the identification of the present status as well as the illustration of possible strategies concerning the foreign policy of Iran in order to make the benefit of opportunities and to control the threats. This article is an endeavor to study the opportunities and the threats of Islamic wakefulness and to present the feasible strategies via the SWOT model.
The most significant doable strategies are considered to be the development, concentration, variety, defense or survival strategies.

In recent decades, social capital, along with other capitals, as a factor determining development, has been attractive to many scholars whithin various subfields of the social sciences. As a part of social capital, “trust” plays an important role in improving development indices, especially regarding political development. Given that the election is considered as most prominent symbol for democracy and political development, electoral implementation process strongly affects political trust, Therefore, a process proportionate to social conditions can improve participation through an increased political trust, and enhance legitimacy of the political system. Having reviewed critically current process of parliamentary election in Iran, this study attempts, based on Kettinger method, to consider how to reengineer this process is considered within six stage: 1. perspective; 2. initial acts; 3. recognition; 4. re-designing; 5. renovation; and 6. revival and evaluation. Using analytical-descriptive method, this study illustrates how reengineering election process affects on political trust in Iran.

Although the subject of amending was reffered to in the draft Constitution, but due to revolution time circumstances,this principle was not approved.Ten years of Islamic state (1358 – 68) revealed some problems of the Constitution like multiple decision making centers and existence of parallel organisations at administrative, legislative and judicial levels. After the war and considering appropriate opportunity,Imam Khomeini issued the command of amending and thus, the Council of amending created some changes in Constitution and centralized the country’s decision making structure without any change in the role of people.

Following the victory of Islamic revolution, political system emerging out of it was based on Welayate-faqih in constitution. While revising the constitution, however, due to changes and conditions from 1979 to 1989, some points about Welayate-faqihsuch as his qualifications and characteristics, duties and authority, selection, ousting and resignation process were edited. Comparing the mentioned items in Islamic republic of Iran’s constitution prior and subsequent to the revision, the author concludes that the revisions made in welayate-faqih were necessary and inevitable due to the objective conditions in the society.