جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شرق اروپا » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

With collapse of the bipolar system and the end of the cold War, the Central and Eastern European countries who were newly abandoned from the communist system tried to join European Structure. The Counties of Vise grad joined the European Union in the first wave of expansion of the European Union in 2004. The global financial crisis 2008 had a profound impact in the economic situation of the people Europe and the reform process in the east of continent faced slowness. Flood of immigrants to Europe affected by Syria Crisis surprised, and central European countries and the nationalist and extremist right parties have strongly resisted. the Brexit and subsequently, the victory of Donald Trump in American`s elections in 2016 has significantly influenced the victory of populism parties in decision-marking centers in Eastern Europe.The main question of this research is how populism phenomenon spread among in vise grad group countries? the research method gathering information through library and research findings shows that populism phenomenon not only split Europe, but also intensified the discourse of Xenophobia and Islamophobia in this region.

The present research addresses the U.S. military presence in Europe and the geopolitical, geo-economical and strategic reasons for the displacement of American bases that shifted the balance from the West to the East of Europe. The origin of the U.S. military presence and the establishment of the U.S. military bases in Europe dates back to the First World War, and on a wider level, to the Second World War. The requirements of the Cold War allowed America to perpetuate its military bases in this continent aimed at, and under the pretext of, countering communism and the East Block, and preventing its influence in the countries of the West Europe. Germany, Italia, England, Spanish, Greece and Portugal are traditionally countries in which the United States has more military bases than anywhere else in Europe. Despite this, since the beginning of 21th Century, due to economic, political, security-military, strategic and geopolitical reasons, efforts have been started to shut a few of the bases down and move them to Eastern Europe and Southeast Europe. The hypothesis in this article is that the departure of the American bases to Eastern Europe can be addressed under three kinds of logic, namely economic, strategic and geopolitical. The high costs related to maintaining troops in the Western Europe, suitable spaces in the Eastern Europe for extensive military maneuvers, the strictness displayed by most environmental institutions and public opinion in the Western European countries, military presence by nascent democracies of Eastern Europe and being adjacent to operational areas in the Caucasus and Western Asia are the most important reasons of the departure of the U.S. military bases from the West to Eastern Europe.

The deployment of the US missile defense system in Eastern Europe is one of the most strategic issues that has been at the top of the region and the world over the past few decades. Moscow considers the deployment and extension of the system to be a stabilization of US hegemony and a threat to Russia's increased military and missile power, and has taken retaliatory measures to counteract the effects of this system. The study seeks to answer the question that Russia has taken to counteract the effects of the US missile shield in Eastern Europe. The assumption is that since Moscow is deploying a US missile shield in Eastern Europe, it seeks to control Russia and remove Russia from strategic missile forces. Therefore, Russia has embarked on diplomatic and military actions in response to this plan, and it is trying to maintain the so-called strategic balance in Eastern Europe, which could bring the region into the arms race. In terms of the implementation method, the research is of a descriptive-analytical type and is based on the balance-of-threat theory.