جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "«احاله مسئولیت»" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

Iran-US relations after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran has been one of the most sensitive and complex types of relations between countries in the international system and the pattern of behavior between the two countries has been a pattern of conflict for the past four decades. Over the past decades, the United States has used a variety of strategies to confront the Islamic Republic of Iran that one of them has been the strategy of containment of Iran that one of which has been the containment strategy. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to examine the components of the US containment strategy and the counter-policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran that In line with the purpose, the main question of the article is: what are the components of the US containment strategy and what has been the result. In response to the research question, the hypothesis is that "restricting regional movements with the aim of reducing activism" and "coercive diplomacy" are the main components of the US containment strategy and the Islamic Republic of Iran by implementing policies of "Resistance and support for proxy forces", "development of defense capabilities" and " Strengthen the weaponry of the resistance axis " have rendered the US containment strategy ineffective. This research is of descriptive-analytical type and library resources and internet scanning have been used to collect data.

Civilian power avoids militarism and uses soft tools to achieve its goals. Germany, Japan, and the European Union are considered as civilian powers. The purpose of research is comparing the political-security strategy of civilian power with an emphasis on Japan political – security strategy in Southwest and Southeast Asia.The question of the research is what are the characteristics of the political-security strategy of civilian powers for achieving their goals in general and Japan as a civilian power in Southwest Asia and Southeast Asia?. The results show that the civilian powers mainly rely on the power of the hegemon to provide their political security goals. It is for this reason that Japan in Southwest Asia in the form of accommodative starategy and in Southeast Asia, until 2010 in the form of same strategy, sought to realize its political-security goals, but from 2010 onwards, it seems that it intends to use the Collaborative buck-passing strategy with US to pursue its political - security goals: For this reason, it is said that in addition to soft balancing, Tokyo also uses hard balancing tools to control China. The research method used is from the type of matching the theory with the case and the comparative qualitative analysis method.

With the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, the United States gained global supremacy as a great power. But the developments in the international arena, especially the rise of emerging powers such as China, caused America to face serious challenges in the distribution of its power in the Eastern Hemisphere. China has become an influential actor in the international system and is seeking to expand its political and security influence in the world, especially in the Indo-Pacific area, by using its economic power. This issue is not acceptable for the Washington government, which has many strategic interests in this region. Therefore, the strategy of the United States to restrain China's power has appeared in the form of buck passing strategy in the Indo-Pacific region and India, among America's allies, has been able to play a role as one of Washington's main allies due to its special position in this region. This research seeks to answer the question of how India plays a role in America's buck passing strategy in the Indo-Pacific region? In response to this question that has been investigated with an explanatory-formative method and library research tools; the hypothesis and findings of the research show that the United States in order to strengthen the American buck passing was trying to build multilateral alliances with India through investment, bilateral trade, bilateral and multilateral alliances, signing military-security agreements, etc.

In recent years, the formation and enlargement of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) lead to new dynamics in Middle East politics. It regards to the US foreign policy toward the ISIS impact on the new structure of relations, coalitions and disintegrations in the region. In the basis of offshore balancing grand strategy, the United States tries to prevent in formation any regional hegemon in the Middle East. The main question of this article is: what we can explain the United States foreign policy toward the ISIS(From 2013 to 2017) in the Middle East? The hypothesis of this article is: «the United States by using of offshore balancing grand strategy, in one hand, buck-passing the liability of control of the ISIS to Iran, Syria and Iraq, and the other hand, using ISIS as an instrument for balance of power in the Middle East». The present study is an applied research in a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the study indicate that the United States in 2013-2017 is trying to curb ISIS on the one hand and increase its influence on the other hand at the expense of the government to which it has been transferred.

After 11 September attacks, the United States tried to establish a coalition of battle with terrorism in Afghanistan because situation of main groups that the United States targeted, Al-Qaeda and Taliban, was in this country. The main purpose of this article is analysis of American strategy in fighting terrorism in Afghanistan. The main question of this article is «what is the strategy of the United States toward fighting terrorism in Afghanistan»? The hypothesis of this is, «the main strategy of the United States in Afghanistan is Buck-passing and however, due to being failed state in Afghanistan, this strategy is failing». The finding shows that after the falling of Taliban’s state in 2001, the United States tried to buckpassed the responsibility of fighting of terrorism to others actors like NATO, I IS AF and finally Afghanistan’s state. Barack Obama’s strategy based on exiting of American forces from Afghanistan but Trump after negotiation with Taliban tries to concede this responsibility to these forces.

The US Missile Defense Plan Establishment Effects on Middle East as a vital energy region has been done with the aim to maintain and keep hegemony in the western hemisphere. So, US, using balance off-shore balance strategy and alliance and coalition with Middle East region actors seeks to I.R. Iran, as a potential regional hegemon, harness and control through the missile defense shield. In this respect, US in addition of creating missile defense shield in Turkey, has taken the actions to improve air defense capability of Persian Gulf Countries. Selling Patriot system to four Persian Gulf Arab countries, and sending "X-BAND" radars to and other air defense equipment to Zionist regime are some of US actions. So, this paper is supposed to apply "aggressive realism theory" to examine US Missile Defense Plan Establishment Effects on Middle East and Iran reactions against. The paper is to answer the question that what's the goal of US Missile Defense Plan Establishment on Middle East and how had effected the Iran's power. This paper examine this hypothesis: US missile defense shield is established to maintain and keep the US regional hegemony and harness and control of Iran's military and missile power in Middle East.

Introduction For decades, the United States has been as a major non-regional actor in the West Asia and Middle East region, and by continued presence, it has brought benefits to itself from the economic benefits of selling military weapons, to securing energy and protecting regional allies. The outbreak of the Islamic Revolution transformed the region's environment, which ultimately had a direct impact on US interests in the region and challenged the country. This article tries to use the theory of structural realism and on that basis, it expresses the issues of balance of power and Buck Passing. Method The paper's methodology is an analytical-descriptive approach. Results and Discussion According to the findings of this study, the Islamic Revolution has had a negative impact on US regional interests. Iran was a reliable partner in safeguarding US interests. It was also a good market for US weapons. With the revolution in Iran, groups opposed to the US presence in the region strengthened. Conclusion Since most countries in the region have some kind of good relations with the United States and this country has a significant influence on the politics and government of the countries in the region, the support of the Islamic Republic to non-governmental actors is significant. In this study, author specifically addressed the challenges and negative consequences of the Iranian revolution for the interests of the United States and its partners, such as Israel, and tried to analyze them by citing concrete examples and statistics in this article.

Expansion the Islamic Republic of Iran's influence in the Middle East and the conflicting interests of America with this country its and strategic ally, Israel, has caused the America sought to curb the regional influence Islamic Republic of Iran by multiple ways . Including ways to counter the influence of Iran is America's financial and military support of all current not in line with Iran's foreign policy and resistance axis That obvious example can be seen in its support of radical takfiri groups like Da'ish, Exacerbated gaps arising from differences between Shiite and Sunni, And separatism and support of military coalition against Iran that Supporting the formation of a Arabic joint army is among them.
Arabic countries especially the member of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council countries in recent decades has not formed so cohesive Arabic coalitions and alliances to be able to deal with future threats. Persian Gulf Cooperation Council countries led by Saudi Arabia in 2015 raised the idea of creating "Arabic joint army" in Sharm el-Sheikh. This paper seeks to explain the causes of the formation and support of the United States of America from the Union within the framework of the theory of offensive realism "strategy of reduction responsibility". And this paper wants to explain the challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore the data of this research is that: the United States of America supports Arabic joint army financially and military in order to counter the influence of Iran in West Asia.