جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اندیشه سیاسی سیدمحمدباقر صدر » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The present essay seeks to make a comparative study of the political thoughts of the two distinguished ShiÝi faqihs (jurists), AyatollÁh NÁÞÐnÐ and AyatollÁh Shahid Sayyid Muhammad BÁqir al-Ñadr. An attempt has been made in this research work to cast light on the points of similarity and difference between their views and opinions. The chief points of similarity between their political views lie in their interpretation of the origin of political power, defense of the existence and identity of Islam and the belief in the role the Muslim community in the attainment of political system and in the national will in the fulfilment of divine aspirations. Their differences of opinion are perceptible in such issues as the basis of legitimacy, nature of the Islamic government, the extent to which a Muslim jurist can exert his influence and the rule of Muslim jurists and the kind of approach and view a Muslim ruler can take in running social affairs. The important conclusion one can draw in making a comparison between the views of the two great Muslim jurists is that, despite their basic similarities between the views and opinions of these two jurists, their differences of opinion cannot be overlooked. However, their views, when compared, show that the existing differences between their views and ideas are due to the crises they were faced with during their lifetime. Being influenced by the changing circumstances and special crises of their time, each of these two scholars have sought to propose a good, though different, solution for the problems they faced. This has brought about differences of opinion in regard to their political theories.

Government as the most important political institution in the human realm and the fundamental element of the state, is laid on two foundations, one of which constitutes the form and the other represents the truth and content of it. Each of these two foundations has its own several constituents. Knowledge of the formal and content constituents can lead us to the understanding of the nature of government as viewed by Muslim scholars, making clear the advantages and the disadvantages or shortcomings of any governmental theory, its relation to the political behavior and function in practical realm. The great scholar and the Forth Martyr, Seyyed Muhammad Bāqir al-Sadr, embarked on theorizing on Islamic government in the periods of Imam of the Time’s occultation within the philosophical and theological discourse, making efforts to offer a distinguished and important theory in this regard basing his arguments on the concept of the “Divine Vicegerent” in times of occultation. Accordingly, the present research seeks to provide the reader with much deeper recognition and more precise explanation of Martyr Sadr’s political thought about Islamic government.