جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شکاف سیاسی" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

Ethnic groups in Iran have internal social cleavages that affect their political life. The Arabs living in Iran are no exception to this rule and despite their linguistic and religious unity, they have some internal social cleavages that have political consequences at different levels. Examining these cleavages and their political consequences is the main concern of this article. Therefore, in this regard, we raised the question, what kind of social cleavages do the Arabs living in Iran have within their ethnicity, and what political consequences did this issue have?

This article is written using descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources and interview technique.

To reach this goal, we tried to investigate the historical process of intra-ethnic cleavages and its political consequences with the approach of historical sociology and using the technique of library studies along with interviews with researchers. The research results showed traditional and modern social cleavage such as "Tribal cleavage"; "City-Tribe cleavage"; "generational cleavage"; and "gender cleavage" along with some political cleavages such as "ideological and organizational cleavage" which can be categorized as "modernity" and "convergence-divergence" cleavage. These cleavages among the Arabs have caused their political identity should be plural.

From the beginning of the formation of ethnic movements, one of the important factors in the failure of some separatist currents in bringing all ethnic groups together is the existence of intra-ethnic pluralism and diverse intra-ethnic political currents.

It is impossible to understand Iran''s political history and its developments without taking Shiite clerics into account as the most powerful force within Iranian civil society. This article tries to find the reasons why Shiite clerics became engaged in politics in Iranian history from the viewpoint of political sociology; therefore it has first explained political sociology of religion in brief then¡ along with the study of the relations between clerics and the state¡ it has covered Shiite clerics'' performance in politics from Safavid era up to Islamic revolution. This article is not concerned with developments but with reasons for the changes in clerics'' political behavior from reclusion to gaining power while having its social grounds in mind.

The evolution of human societies has been accompanied by shaping political cleavages. The emergence of the nation state system and its development deepened and institutionalized political cleavages in their various aspects. These cleavages, if continue, can foster political rivalries and division and would have a great impact on the political destiny of states. In fact, political behavior and electoral competition result from active cleavages in different times in various political systems. Therefore, political cleavages are among important topics of politics and are considered as major problems for states. The processes of modernization and democratization are coupled with the emergence of new cleavages that the recognition of them is necessary for maintaining political stability and equilibrium and developing the civil society. Previously, in an article titled "European System and Active Political Cleavages", class, religious and climatic (territorial) cleavages discussed. This article tries to study new political cleavages in Europe. In fact, the main question is that how much tradition political cleavages still influence political behavior? Given the dynamism of human societies and the domination of pluralist models in European democratic regimes, we always witness the emergence and growth of new conflicts and cleavages apt for being politicized and influencing political structures. Therefore, this article studies new cleavage appeared in the post – Cold War era in European societies with their great potentials as active political cleavages.