جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "غرب آفریقا" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

State fragility in African countries is a critical and pressing issue, particularly in the Sahel and West Africa region. Countries such as Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger have become emblematic of fragile states due to a combination of internal challenges and the influence of regional and international intervening powers. This fragility has created conditions conducive to the growth and expansion of extremist organizations like ISIS and Al-Qaeda. One significant contributor to state fragility is political instability. Over the past four years (2020–2024), these three West African countries have experienced recurrent political crises. Key political indicators of fragility include weakened government legitimacy, failure to provide public services, violations of human rights, and the erosion of the rule of law. Additionally, the West African region has been a hotspot for terrorist activity. The operations of Al-Qaeda and ISIS affiliates in the Sahel countries have steadily expanded, undermining the stability of governments in this region. Many Sahel governments struggle to effectively control their territories, with some being classified as "failed states." Political crises in the region are further exacerbated by ethnic and cultural pluralism, weak national identity, failures in nation-building, and disputes over the distribution of resources and justice. The emergence of weak and fragile states in West Africa has triggered crises that extend beyond their borders, affecting neighboring countries and adjacent regions. A central issue in fragile states is the crisis of authority, which is closely tied to ethnic, tribal, and religious divides. These divisions often fuel coups and intensify the activities of extremist group. This research seeks to explore the relationship between key political indicators of state fragility and the growth of terrorism. Its aim is to establish or refute the existence of a link between these phenomena.

The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on library resources and the conceptual framework of state fragility to analyze the subject.

The findings reveal that governments in West African countries, particularly Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, lack the capacity to ensure security and stability within their societies. These governments are plagued by political crises, including diminished legitimacy, inadequate public services, human rights violations, and weak adherence to the rule of law. Extremist groups, such as affiliates of Al-Qaeda and ISIS, as well as separatist movements, have exploited the political vacuum created by fragile states in the region. These groups have expanded their activities, leveraging the lack of effective governance to ensure their survival and growth.

Governments in this region are continuously confronted with the threat of political instability. The activities of fundamentalist movements are among the most significant factors contributing to political crises and the fragility of governments in this area. Analyzing the state-building crisis, particularly in the Sahel region of Africa, reveals that the failure of state-building and the inability to transition from governmental fragility are linked to four key factors: persistent disputes over power, intense struggles for political dominance, loss of trust in political leadership, and the subsequent breakdown of the political socialization process.

This research has been done using descriptive and analytical method and in order to study the Tijaniyyah sect and its role in education of West Africa especially ivory coast. The findings show that the main thought and thought of the Tijaniyyah sect, which is common today in africa, dates back to its founder, Sheikh ahmed Tijaniyyah (1737-1815). He used all his efforts to spread Islam in West Africa. His disciples and followers went on, and they left the sect. This sect  more than other sufia orders in the field of education, achieved great and important results such as building mosques, schools, angles and scientific assemblies, education of reading and keeping quran, jurisprudence and hadith, interpretation and arabic language. However, they face problems and weaknesses in claiming loyalty and affection for the prophet of Islam (peace be upon him). Also, ties with capitalists and rulers made them lose confidence in people and cannot properly educate and achieve their goals.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the performance of the Nigerian Islamic Movement based on its structure and organization and its impact on the spread of Shiism in Nigeria. The results of the research, which were performed by descriptive-analytical method, show that in addition to the efficient management of Sheikh Zakzaki, a large part of the success of the Islamic movement is due to its regular and purposeful structure and organization. The establishment of institutions such as the Martyrs' Foundation, Fudiyeh Schools, Haras, the Sisters' Association, the Scientific-Researchers' Association, the Physicians' Association, the Employees' Association, the Film Production Unit and the Publishing Unit in the structure and organization of the Islamic Movement of Nigeria has caused this movement Provide significant cultural and economic services to Nigerian Shiites. The provision of these services has been very effective in disseminating and spreading the Shiite religion.