جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « میرزا ملکم‎خان » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of applying the “reflexive traditionalism” concept with the empirical study of social and political life Mirza Malkam Khan (1833-1908), the thinker, politician and reformer of Iran in the 19th century. The research method is bibliographical and has been carried out with the help of historical documents. The life and work of Malkam was examined with a focus on three aspects of his life: firstly, Malkam as the forerunner of the intellectual movement in Iran; Secondly, Malkam's thoughts on the party and the party organization and, thirdly, the reduction of social problems at the level of the political and ultimately the power relations, which is referred to here as politicization. Malkam was the forerunner of intellectuals in Iran, but he was not an intellectual. He represented the new group of public servants who came into existence during the 19th century, and tried to reform the old state apparatus. The organization's concept of Malkam was the leader's concentrated management style, which has been known forever in the Orient. The fundamental cleavage between social conditions and political demands led to the politicization of his way of thinking. The results of the research showed the efforts of Malkam failed. His organization's understanding was influenced by despotic ideas. The results of the study showed that Malkam was the first to try to elucidate the role of intellectuals and the importance of the organization to political participation in Iran.

After the bitter experience of Iran's defeat in the Russian wars and the acquaintance of the educated class with the civilizational advances of the West, a class of Iranian intellectuals gradually emerged who worked to eliminate backwardness and progressiveness until the establishment of the constitution and the fall of the Qajar dynasty.In introducing the most prominent figures of the first generation of this movement, we can mention Seyyed Jamaluddin Asadabadi and Mirza Malkam Khan Nazim al-Dawlah as two religious and western intellectuals.In the current research, we have investigated the opinions of these two thinkers with a comparative method to answer the question of what are the similarities and differences in the approach of these two personalities in facing Western modernity; With the aim of gaining a better understanding of the basis of today's differences between the intellectual current and the Western world.This research is based on his written and library works in Spriggan's crisis-oriented theoretical framework.In expressing the results of the research, it can also be said: both want political-religious reforms and see the crisis in the backwardness of the understanding of the contemporary world; However, with a selective, critical and transnational perspective, Asadabadi is trying to pursue the goal of Islamic unity and prosperity by awakening the Islamic Ummah. But Malkam Khan is looking for a pure imitation of the principles of Western modernity in order to make the despotic Iranian nation progressive.

This article discusses the concept of the rule of law in the Mirzamalkam Khan Nazem al-Dawlah viewpoints. Although many books and articles have been written about his life, his newspaper and publications, but this main question has not been answered that whether Malakm Khan knew anything about the foundation, legal basis, and political requirements of the rule of law or not? The requirements such as the basic rights and separation of the forces. It has been said that he and some other intellectuals of the Qajar era have been influenced by the thoughts of the Enlightenment period of France. The hypothesis of the present article is that such a thing has not been existed, in order to explain the subject, one of the most important sources of that age, The Spirit of the Laws, has been considered to show in the contrary of the Enlightenment philosophers, which have had certain legal and political foundations for their views, Intellectuals such as Mirzamalkam Khan did not provide a solid foundation for providing the theory of the rule of the law.
The methodology of this paper is based on Analysis of Discourse and a comparative study of the ideas of Montesquieu and Malakm Khan in order to show that the idea of the rule of law has major differences with each other, and Malkam Khan has not been aware of the philosophical requirements and the political foundations of the rule of law theory.

This study tries to understand the thought of Mirza Malkam Khan and Jalal Al-e Ahmad and compare these two thoughtful about the reforms together.The essence of Mirza Malkam Khan’s idea was struggle with underdevelopment in the light of progress and also "Jalal Al-e Ahmad" considered nativism and return to the Islamic culture as a solution. The problem statements and the solution suggestions of those two thinkers can be explained in theoretic framework “Thomas Springs”. The main research question is why their responses to a same critical issue, underdevelopment, are different. Hypothesis for the question is that due to political-social conditions and different subjective assumptions of Malkam and Al-e Ahmad, in view and discover crisis, each of them has seen different ideal society and reached the contradictory responses.

This research is an examination of the intellectual history during the Mashruteh (Constitutional Revolution) and the Islamic Revolution. It compares reforms contemplated by Mirza Malkom Khan and Ali Shariati. The research question is: What are the differences between reformist thoughts of them concerning their temporal situations? In this regard، we have used the findings of Thomas Springer (crisis discovery، identifying the reasons and solutions suggested by the two thinkers) to analyze their thoughts. Malkom’s thoughts were based on the confrontation with backwardness and promotion of development. He praised modernization and emphasized on religion to justify his thoughts. His main concern was to overcome backwardness and proposed the Western Progress Model as a solution. Contrary to him، Shariati concentrated on the revival of religious identity and presenting a model to encounter superficial impressions of the West، modernity and modernization. His answer to the problem was revival of the ideas of justice and freedom (return to self). For emphasizing its identity foundations and achieving progress، contemporary Iran needs thoughtful approaches and proper development models in order to meet both development and identity without endangering or preferring one over the other because the country’s contemporary history has indicated that any bias towards one of these foundations would lead to imbalance in society and its instability in long term.

The simultaneity of the emergence of western civilization and the downfall of Iranian society created an environment and epistemological arena that Iranian intellectuals had an important role in the development of its semantic system. This article deals with the question how the first wave of intellectuals- when faced with the first wave of modernity discourse- defined its identity borders. The first wave of intellectuals in Iran including Malkum khan، Akhond zadeh and Agha khan kermani in line with the binary opposition logic of modernity reproduced some new concepts and elements under the influence of the positivistic and transcendental discourse of modernity. Relying on the discourse of modernity، the first wave of intellectuals defined the borders of Iranian identity in contrast with tradition، Islam and clergymen، initiating a new discourse in the cultural-historical sphere of Iran that made it inevitable to refer to the west and submit to it. In the present study، the penetration of modernity discourse in the discourse of the first wave of intellectuals and the reproduction of a fake Iranian identity are deconstructed