جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کنوانسیون 1982 » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The no-harm rule The jurisprudential rule is taken from the text of the prophetic hadith "no harm and no harm in Islam" which indicates the denial of harm to oneself and others in Islam and its sanctity. The no-harm rule is one of the well-known rules that is used in most chapters of jurisprudence, and in its importance it has been said that it is one of the five rules on which jurisprudential issues are based. The "harmless rule" is one of the rules: which has a valid jurisprudential and rational document and is indicated by several verses and narrations. And it has "rule" over many other jurisprudential rules. The provisions of the no-harm rule are "absolute" and therefore include any harm. According to Article 18 1 1 of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea: "Safe passage" is a right recognized under the conditions for the passage of foreign ships in the territorial sea. Paragraph 2 of Article 19 of the Convention lists eleven cases of "harmful instances". Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 21 of the 1982 Convention on the Sea, the Government of the Islamic Republic has the authority to legislate and implement it in its territorial waters and can prevent any damage from foreign ships.

For many years the seas and oceans have been used as a way of communication and play an important role in the life of the international community. The fact that the seas are directly linked to the interests of governments is an undeniable fact. One of the major benefits of governments is trade by sea, but given the geographical situation, not all countries have direct access to the sea and the oceans. There are numerous conventions that provide for different provisions on free access to maritime resources, international trade by sea and transit traffic, but the 1982 Convention is the most comprehensive agreement that fully and exhaustively covers maritime rights. The purpose of the present study is to examine the rights and obligations of transit countries in accordance with the 1982 Convention. Lack of free access to the sea and thus to the direct transit, in turn has an impact on the economies of countries. Transit relations between the concerned countries are often in the form of agreements and as a result of negotiations between countries, which largely eliminates to barriers to the landlocked countries' access to the sea and direct transit. Therefore, this study concludes that all countries, both with and without offshores, have rights and duties to establish order in the legal system of the seas and agreements between countries play an important role in establishing that order.

Review:The area of ​​common human heritage at sea is one of the most lucrative and economic parts for countries. This section, which is specifically addressed in various international instruments, including Section XI of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea, and which regulates the oversight mechanism as an international authority, is rich in hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon materials. It is abundant and due to the legal inability of countries to claim ownership and sovereignty, it faces certain laws and regulations, one of which is the exploitation of the rich resources located in this fertile region, under the supervision of the authority. . Therefore, in this study, while examining the history of the seabed and how the common heritage of humanity was formed, we try to examine the mechanism governing how to exploit the countless deep-sea resources by looking at the available international documents.we try to examine the mechanism governing how to exploit the countless deep-sea resources by looking at the available international documents. .