جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « national cohesion » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Analyzing the performance and role of different ethnic groups in the defense of the country can be a positive and effective model for transferring the culture of defending the land and creating a spirit of valor among different classes and ethnic groups in Iran and strengthening the spirit of patriotism in Iranians. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional role of ethnic groups in holy defense. The current research is qualitative and based on a systematic review and follows a developmental approach from the point of view of the goal. The statistical population in this research is the articles indexed in the years 1390 to 1401 in various citation databases and the database of holy defense publications, in the number of 67 studies, after applying the research criteria, 14 articles were selected for in-depth review. showed; Arab tribes, nomads, people of Sistan, clergy, Ahl al-Haq congregation and women were studied in the research. These ethnic groups have different roles, including; Maintaining territorial integrity, carrying out offensive operations, defense of the land and resistance, war technology and engineering, intelligence and security roles, therapy, support and supplies, support for the families of martyrs, escorting fighters, mourning and burial of martyrs, guardianship of families of martyrs and prisoners, preservation and have transferred the values of sacred defense in the eight-year war. Different ethnic groups have shown a very favorable performance for the preservation and territorial integrity of the country and defense against the enemy's invasion.

Background and problem: The current research aims to analyze the meaning, what, why, and components and characteristics of national cohesion in the thought of Ayatollah Khamenei (Madazla Al-Aali) and the different dimensions of the issue from his perspective. Therefore, the current research seeks to answer the question, what does the concept of national cohesion mean in the political thought of Ayatollah Grand Ayatollah Khamenei (Madazla Al-Ali)? What are its dimensions and components? The method of the current research is qualitative and of thematic analysis type. The statistical population in this research includes all the speeches that His Holiness gave from 1368 to 1397 regarding national unity. Therefore, the method of collecting information is a library using a phishing method and referring to first-hand sources, that is, the speeches of His Holiness documented on his website. Therefore, the method of analyzing the findings was done by thematic analysis based on the Supreme Leader's website and his statements.Results and The results of the research findings in the field of the political thought of the Supreme Ayatollah Khamenei (Madazaleh Al-Ali) show the effects and political, economic, cultural and social factors in national cohesion. The components of political factors include a- leadership and authority, b- unity between the three powers and government agencies, and c- people. Also, social factors include: a) formation of trade unions, and attention to people's problems, b) formation of religious boards and attention to spiritual issues, and c) creation of healthy recreation centers.

The Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution (SCCR) is one of the decision-making institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran and many major decisions in the cultural field in Iran are influenced by  SCCR. National identity also appears as a cultural and discursive category in the decisions of the SCCR. Considering the importance of national identity, it is necessary to examine the level of attention of the SCCR to this category. Therefore, this article means to examine the approvals of the SCCR from 2011 to 2021 from the scope of national identity. In this research, national identity is divided into seven social, cultural, historical, political, territorial, religious, literary, and linguistic dimensions, and the mentioned dimensions are tracked in the approvals. To achieve the goal of the research, the operational pattern method of discourse analysis has been used. The analysis of the approvals of the SCCR from the perspective of national identity shows that maintaining national solidarity and cohesion, the rule of Quranic teachings, the spread of the Persian language, the revival of historical memory, the preservation of Islamic Iranian culture, the development of political insight and the attraction of elites under the main axis of Islamic civilization shaped to Iranians national identity. Also, the level of attention paid by the SCCR to all dimensions of national identity has not been the same, and the territorial dimension is the least, and the cultural, literary and religious dimensions have been more important than other dimensions, and the political, social and historical dimensions are in the middle of this vector.

The aim of this study is to provide an objective and sociological understanding of the development of national cohesion in Iran using the sociological concepts of Durkheim (mechanical and organic correlation) and David Lockwood (social integration and system integration). Using these concepts, the present article tries to show that national social cohesion is not a natural and pre-existing thing, but an industrial thing that is built on the horizon of the future. In historical experience, we see social and state-building trends in the field of national cohesion. This process has dialectically contributed to the development of national cohesion. To move from this controversial process and establish a stable relationship between social and systemic integration, we need the convergence of the rules governing social and systemic integration

The independence of the Iraqi Kurdistan region and the influence of foreign factors on Iran's ethnic issues due to the proximity and ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic ties of this region with Iranian Kurdistan in intensifying ethnic demands and turning this region as an axis of integration of Iranian Kurdish regions with Kurds in this region has caused an ethnic crisis and has also weakened the national cohesion of the Kurdish regions of Iran. The purpose of this study is to explain and study the effects of the independence of the Iraqi Kurdistan region on the national cohesion of the Kurdish regions of Iran and by using descriptive-analytical tools and descriptive-analytical methods, it answers the question: what effect has the independence of the Iraqi Kurdish region had on the national cohesion of the Kurdish regions of Iran? Findings show that the independence of the Iraqi Kurdistan region through cultural threats, political threats (ethnic and separatist demands, ethnicity and identity, ethnic nationalism, Iraqi federalism) and economic threats have weakened the national cohesion of Iran's northern regions.

Iran is composed of various local ethnicities and cultures. Each of these cultures and ethnicities, in addition to a common Iranian-Islamic identity, also has its own subcultures and regional and local identities. That is why Iranian society is called a multi-ethnic society. The multi-ethnicity of a society in certain circumstances can cause challenges and crises for the government and management of society that many examples of such challenges and crises can be considered in the contemporary history of Iran.It is the duty of the government to recognize different ethnicities and grant them some rights. This means that all people living in a land regardless of race and culture, etc. have equal rights in society. Therefore, we can not talk about security in the field of ethnicities without considering the rights of citizens. Accordingly, the issue of multi-ethnicity of the country can be considered as an opportunity and it can be the starting point for crisis management in this area, especially in the security dimension. The formation of ethnic nationalism is one of the important problems in this field that is the subject of the present study.

Every country seeks to have a united, cohesive, integrated and loyal nation to its national identity, and to achieve this goal requires proper policy, professional management and planning, and countries with ethnic diversity must design and formulate political programs. Economic, social and cultural, pay serious attention to ethnic groups in order to strengthen and promote national unity and cohesion. Unbalanced development in economic, social and political fields, tasteful treatment of ethnic groups without observing the established policy, etc. are among the causes of failure of ethnic policies, while emphasizing religious commonalities, striving for ethnic political participation, respect for language, and customs. Ethnic customs, the use of ethnic elites in positions and administrative positions, dealing with any ethnic threats from foreigners, etc. are among the successful points of ethnic policies in Iran that affect national unity and cohesion. Religious, religious and ethnic diversity in some historical periods and mainly due to the interventions of arrogant countries has been the cause of the crisis in Iran. If ethnic and religious diversity in Iran is not properly managed and appropriate policy is not made in this regard, national interests, unity and national cohesion are threatened, so to manage ethnic and religious diversity in Iran, different policy models must be used. From among them, he chose the best model, which is the "policy of religious pluralism" and the "model of unity in pluralism" and implemented it.

The present study was conducted to investigate ethnic policy in the Islamic Republic and its role in national security and cohesion by the library method. The purpose of this study is to examine ethnic policy to maintain national security and cohesion. Every country strives to have a united, cohesive, integrated and loyal nation to its national identity, and to achieve this goal it needs appropriate ethnic policy and professional management in order to take steps to strengthen and promote national security and cohesion. Unbalanced development in the economic, social and political fields, a clash of tastes and regardless of the set ethnic policy, are among the causes of the failure of ethnic policies. Efforts for ethnic political participation, attention to language, ethnic customs, and the use of ethnic elites in positions and administrative positions have been successful points of ethnic policies in Iran that affect national security and cohesion. Religious, religious and ethnic diversity in some historical periods and mainly due to the interventions of arrogant countries has been the cause of the crisis in Iran. If ethnic and religious diversity in Iran is not properly managed and appropriate policies are made, national security and cohesion will be threatened.

The present study was conducted to investigate ethnic policy in the Islamic Republic and its role in national security and cohesion by the library method. The purpose of this study is to examine ethnic policy to maintain national security and cohesion. Every country strives to have a united, cohesive, integrated and loyal nation to its national identity, and to achieve this goal it needs appropriate ethnic policy and professional management in order to take steps to strengthen and promote national security and cohesion. Unbalanced development in the economic, social and political fields, a clash of tastes and regardless of the set ethnic policy, are among the causes of the failure of ethnic policies. Efforts for ethnic political participation, attention to language, ethnic customs, and the use of ethnic elites in positions and administrative positions have been successful points of ethnic policies in Iran that affect national security and cohesion. Religious, religious and ethnic diversity in some historical periods and mainly due to the interventions of arrogant countries has been the cause of the crisis in Iran. If ethnic and religious diversity in Iran is not properly managed and appropriate policies are made, national security and cohesion will be threatened.

National convergence and cohesion and avoiding from divergence is one of the most important functions of governments to make the most benefit from resources and to prevent aliens from infiltrate and looting these resources. This issue is of great importance from the perspective that without national cohesion and productivity as the main keyword to proper utilization of resources, competition with other countries and regional and trans-regional actors will not be possible. Therefore, among other factors affecting national convergence which has been addressed in many social science studies, this study seeks to answer the question that, does balanced development lead to national convergence in border regions? To answer this question, a grounded theory method is used, in which the researcher attempts to achieve to a theory or a scientific concept regarding the subject under investigation and answer the research question by analyzing the phenomena and revealed facts, and conducting field research as well as by instigating related elites. In this study, 84 elites, mainly from border provinces, were surveyed on 8 economic indicators as effective (positive and negative) variables on national convergence that represented balanced development or underdevelopment.
The research findings show that 5 indicators of economic development, investment in infrastructure, investment in social capital, government development investment and human development affects national convergence more than 60% as a factor of national convergence strength and more than 70% as high and very high. The 3 indicators of youth unemployment, economic corruption in society, and class divisions or inadequate distribution of resources as a factor of weakness and threat are both high and very high, with an average of 40 and 45 and 80 percent, respectively. The results of the standard deviation test also show that strengthening the first five indicators will greatly increase the national convergence and cohesion in the border regions and strengthening the next three indicators will have the opposite effect.

Terrorist activities have spread in the Arab countries of West Asia within the past few years. The terrorist organization known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is among the groups that is fighting the governments in both Iraq and Syria in an organized and unconventional fashion. This article addresses the correlation between the failed nationstate-building and the outbreak or intensification of terrorist activities in Iraq. Three interrelated factors are particularly important including the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement, absence of dominant centralist citizenship identity, and slow process of formation of democratic progress and institutions which are respectively related to territorial saturation, national cohesion and integration, and political stability. These components of nation-state-building have given rise to the appearance of terrorist groups in the country. The author has investigated nation-statebuilding as the independent variable and spread of terrorism in Iraq as the independent variable.

What happened in February 2011 in Egypt may be partially regarded as democratic activities of Middle east and North Africa. After the coup in 1952, Pharaohs land tried a “republic” government” for thirty years in which Hosni Mubarak was so far away from presidency and unable to satisfy domestic, sometimes foreign, oppositions and lead to his downfall. Mubarak’s ouster marked a challenging times for the Egypt. At first, the events seemed to cut the military power and form a democratic system. However the aftermath events, especially the continuity of turmoil, Mercy’s collapse (the first presidents of Mubarak’s government), increased the uncertainty about the future of the country. The present article is to find barriers of democratic regimes and reasons of military return to Egypt policy. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The researcher believes that the barriers are directly associated with the process of state – nation improvement in this African country. Today, there is no government in Egypt aiming to moves the process forward or it may be due to lack of potentials to overcome the barriers in this regard.

Understanding of how people interact with each other as a main matter in society is the main basis for a community coherence. How do we understand and evaluate others, Avoiding or relatationship with them is an important role in communicating with others or deny or remove them. One of the most effective ways to understand each other's feelings and perceptions of individuals and groups in relation to the identification, is analysis of the processes that through which social perceptions and judgments of individuals and groups can be evaluated on each other. The main subject of this paper is studying the functions of stereotypes and prejudice between social groups and it’s impact on social identity. In this paper the concepts of stereotypes and prejudices are explained, and the relationship between them and the identity functions of them will be discussed.

Literature review on the theory of social capital shows that the main goal of pioneers of this theory has been making public policy makers aware of the fact that without the role played by the social networks and the interactions taken place at the grassroots level, it would be extremely difficult to push forward developmental programs. In other words, attaining a balanced and sustainable development would be the outcome of designing programs and policies deeply rooted in the culture and other characteristics of the land of policy making. As in this way, social cohesion, cooperation and participation of the public for the realization of targeted policy objectives would be attained and strong social connectedness between the people and government of a country would be possible. The assessment of past long and medium term programs shows that one of the main reasons for the failure of some public policies and programs has been due to the lack of social consensus and social agreement over the program's specific objectives. Having this in mind, the current paper tries to utilize the concept of social capital in order to analyze and assess Iran's recent macro policies and developmental programs.