جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « south africa » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The adoption of each of the different systems of political economy in different countries leads to different levels of economic achievements and development. Neighboring South Africa and Zimbabwe, located in southern Africa, have completely different positions in terms of economy and level of development despite their commonalities in various human and natural fields. An examination of the two countries' political economics shows that Zimbabwe has been a Marxist economy - led by Robert Mugabe - since 1980 and that the liberal economic system has prevailed in South Africa since the early 20th century. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present article seeks to answer the question that “what is the main reason for the difference in the levels of development between these two neighboring African countries?” Based on this question, the hypothesis is that the difference between Zimbabwe and South Africa in terms of development is due to the adoption of different political economies. The findings show that continuing South Africa's economic development following the liberal economy, before apartheid and after 1994, with the implementation of the Seven Liberal Economic Programs - including increasing the supervisory role and reducing the role of government intervention, implementation of industrial production development programs, development of local economies and participation initiative - on the one hand, and significant differences and improvements in Zimbabwean economic and human parameters such as GDP, economic growth, unemployment, life expectancy, etc. due to the implementation of free market political economy compared to the Marxist economy (1980-2008) on the other hand, confirm the above hypothesis.

 For 46 years whites established the political system of race discrimination in South Africa and continuously reproduced it from 1948. The change of this system and transition to the democratic system during 1989-1999 is among the important events of the final decade of the twentieth century. The Institutionalized violence of the apartheid system looked infinite but the direction of changes and the establishment of de Klerk’s government (1989-1994) and Nelson Mandela (1994-1999) revealed the necessity for peace-building in the vengeance thirsty damaged society of South Africa. How did the peace-building became possible in this society with its transitional justice mechanisms? In order to find the reasons behind the political change in South Africa the present article makes use of Gidenz’s theory of structuration (structure interaction-functionality) emphasizes the hypothesis that peace-building in the transitional justice (permanent coexistence after peace) through highlighting “forgiveness instead of revenge” resulted in the transition from apartheid to the democratic government from 1989-1999. The findings of the study shows the role of leaders and agencies, the type of performance of the commission for truth and peace with the priority of damage compensation instead of punishment and choosing stable peace instead of realization of criminal justice.

To assess the foreign relations of any country, appropriate understanding and explaining of the national power particularly in areas as foreign policy, requirements and characteristics of the foreign environment, rules and paradigms dominant on regional and international environment, and recognizing opportunities, environmental weaknesses and existing threats etc. are necessary. African continent with its specific geographical, economic, cultural and political features in the Post-Cold War era and in light of the expansion of regionalism has turned into one of the most influential regions in which South Africa plays a key role. This paper, while reviewing the history of Iran’s relations with African continent, tries to show the importance of relations between South Africa and Iran and its probable results. The hypothesis of the present article is that expanding relations with regional as well as emerging powers in addition to increasing national interests and strengthening south-south co-operation lead to reducing the pressures by international and western authorities. The methodology of the research is descriptive-analytic. Also, it draws upon the findings of SWOT matrix (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats). This matrix enables us to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of Islamic Republic of Iran as well as the opportunities and threats of the relations with South Africa to provide solutions for policy-makers in cultural, economic, political and social arenas.

In South Africa, the combination of ethnic and racial differences more than any other factor in a centuries-old process is influenced. Transformations and changes in the country since independence in 1910 was influenced by mentioned factor. Designed system was based on the segregation and apartheid and after apartheid ended in 1994; the country's political system was based on the realities of racial and ethnic indigenous. Although both Nigeria and South Africa have British colonial in their backgrounds but the differences are in the objectives of the colonists. They had chosen South Africa to stay and the industrialization process was developed normally. While in Nigeria the purpose of colonialists was domination and exploitation of resources of the country. However, ethnic diversity, adding religious diversity in forms of both Islam and Christianity in Nigeria has been the main causes of gap over the years after independence. Frequent coups and continuous military interference in politics and Governance, separatism, ethnic and religious conflicts, unfair distribution of wealth, the absence of influencing middle class, and political and bureaucratic corruption; has been the difficulties always suffered Nigeria. Since 1999, based on its new constitution, Nigeria has gone through four rounds of presidential elections and in these years there has not been a new coup. Overall all the experts agree that the Nigeria is politically underdeveloped.

Discourse analysis as one of the methods of study of phenomenon in social science deals with systematic interaction of thoughts and ideas with social affairs. Each discourse system has three features viz. domination, opposition and agency and it tries to dominate all organs of the society so that it should justify its existence. When the discourse system loses its justifying power its forces try spontaneously to redefine its discourse to adapt itself with new situation. The present article in the light of discourse analysis intends to examine the differences and similarities between the Apartheid discourse in former South Africa and Israel. As such the question raised by the article is what are the differences and similarities between the Apartheid discourse and Israel? The underlying hypothesis is that in formation of Apartheid discourse in both regions two elements of foreign factor, ideology and religion have played essential role. From the viewpoint of security and identity both regimes witnessed the dominance of geopolitics of war. Both the regimes differ from each other from the viewpoint of role of geopolitics in their sustenance and the nature of their formation.

Today, the rapid and accelerating developments in the regional and international levels have caused countries to move towards greater integration and cooperation. This, in turn, triggered a new coalitions or alliances and strengthens old alliances, or even weaken. The emerging economic powers (Brics) is one of these alliances and institutions that began its activities in 2009. The aim of the new global architecture, quickly became an institution of international. This article within the qualitative approach sought to answer this question: What is the current position of the emerging economic powers (Brics) in the international system, and What perspective can be expected for it? Research findings indicate that Brics has gained a few in the West and would create new economic powers and also slowly stepped into the security issues and international politics. Fixes some vulnerabilities and challenges ahead, the entity will be able to have an important role in modifying the structure of the international system.