جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حادثه 11 سپتامبر » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

One of the oldest human aspirations has been and is to establish international peace and security. The concept of these two issues has changed a lot over time, as it became extremely important in the world after 9/11. Following this unfortunate incident, the international community took measures such as the ratification of 12 global conventions and 7 regional conventions and the Security Council with the issuance of a resolution in 1994, to deal with such incidents. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it can be acknowledged that the process of combating international terrorism in international law is very slow, which indicates the lack of sound or anti-human dignity laws in human rights.Keywords: Security Council, 9/11, Terrorism, International Law, Human Rights.

The events of September 11, led to formation of, new regional power balance in West Asia, that regional goals of its actors ranged from balance of power to balance of threat. In order to explain function of balance of power approach; By examining regional goals of the actors of West Asian theorists, he dissected balance of power in the next decade. The balance of traditional power is predicted. As a result of the findings, outlook for the future is that probability of Iran's convergence with Saudi Arabia and the United States is low (the average intensity of regional convergence is 41.8%) and in the region, balance of traditional forces is still the most likely option. The level of tension created by the actors' goals belongs to Saudi Arabia, Iran and United States, respectively. Saudi Arabia is very influential from the United States and has a supporting role in US regional policy, and Iran has a deterrent role. This study is theoretically and practically important. The data were collected by library method (shooting tool), then the interrelationships between the targets and the actors were analyzed by the "future" research tool "Maktor", "Grapher" geometric design software, game theory and "diagonal matrix" pattern.

In the aftermath of 9/11, the West Asian region faced with sweeping political, economic, and security changes which lead to the formation of a new regional balance of power between Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United States, in such a way that the regional goals of each of these countries brought about a range from traditional forces balance to the threat balance. In this analytical-descriptive study, in order to explain the function of the balance of power approach in competition between three actors from the perspective of regional studies knowledge has been considered by inspecting the regional goals of the actors and considering the trends and stimuli leading to the formation of a security system of balance of power from the viewpoint of domestic and global theorists, the balance of power in the next decade. Then, based on research findings by presenting a conceptual chart, three scenarios (balance of traditional power, balance of threat and interaction) is predicted. The results indicate that in the future, the likelihood of Iran's convergence with Saudi Arabia and the United States is low (the average intensity of regional convergence is 41.8%) and the balance of traditional forces in the region is still the most likely option. The level of tension-seeking of the actors' goals are as the following: Saudi Arabia, Iran and the United States, respectively. Saudi Arabia's susceptibility from the United States has been very high, and it plays a supporting reactor role in US regional policies, and Iran plays a deterrent role. This study is important from theoretical and practical points of view. The data were collected by library method (note taking tools), then the interrelationships between the targets and the actors were analyzed using future research tools such as Mactor software, "Graffer" geometric design software, games theory and "diagonal matrix" pattern.

September 11 event in 2001 and its consequences made terrorism and counterterrorism, the first priority of US foreign policy in world order and regional organizations such as NAFTA. So, the main question of this article is how did US persuade other members of NAFTA to pursue and accompany US plans in its fight against terrorism? To answer this question, authors used “cognition theory” to justify functional expansion of NAFTA from economic issues to security ones.
The results indicate that as a hegemon, US tried to create various motivations to persuade other countries to join this fight. To do this, US used two intellectual basis including “trade-security dependency” and “human security”.

The subject of “terrorim” in the discipline of politicl science and especially in international relations has been of importance and lot of attentions have been paid to it. After the September 11 terrorist events more attentinos have been focused on it and this topic became the main issue in political conferences and mass media. The September 11 events became an important historical and unforgetable incident and a milestone in international system and it gave a new meaning and attitude towards terrorism. Since the terrorist who participated in September 11 events were all Muslims and from the Arab countries, the Western mass media which have been under the influence of Jewish and Zionist circles tried to substantiate that Islam is having a terrorist nature and the Muslims and Arabs are participating in suicide attacks. The Western media in their interpretation and analysis considered Islamic Jihad sysnoymous with terrorism. As such, many people in the Western countries are of the view that Islamic contermporary civilization is related to terrorism and the terrorist events are having the backing of Islamic thinking and beliefs. Thus in the present article an attempt has been made to give a historical introduction about terrorism and define it, then the article discusses the issue from the view point of Islam. The article while defining and clarifying the meaning of terrorism from the view point of Quran verses, traditions, customs and the prophet’s way of life it tries to reject the allegation that Muslims are terrorist and it acquit Islam from terrorist beliefs. It also distinguishes the difference between terrorism and legitimate defence.

The study of how the United Nations Security Council decided to confront Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and comparing it with the 2003 crisis has attracted scant attention of scholars. The comparison adequately reveals gradual change in US attitude towardsglobal issues as well as its outlook on the UN Security Council. Hence, a question is raised today that whether the United States principally needs the United Nations and its organs. This article presents the stance of American scholars towards the envisioned reforms in the UN Security Council, considering the Iraqi crisis and its consequences.

The September 11th events, US invasion of Afghanistan and US threats against Iraq have caused the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to face a serious test. In the author’s view, domestic and foreign problems encountered by the GCC six members and their inability to adopt a clear position have led to the appearance of certain doubts on the Council’s credibility and competence as well as the future of Arab-US relations. Also, US commitment to international battle against terrorism and its support for Israeli actions will continue to affect Arab-US relations. Given the above-mentioned developments, it has been concluded that the Persian Gulf regional system is undergoing changes and the GCC members are forced to adopt a new diplomacy. This diplomacy should be directed within the GCC framework and toward the promotion of relations with Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asian and Caucasian nations.

The author has tried to address the relations between the West and Muslim World after the September 11 incidents and its consequences in order to verify this hypothesis that the changes after the September 11, in spite of the intensification of tension between the West and Muslim World does not support Huntington’s theory of clash of civilizations mainly because there are many factors at stake that prevent civilizational clash between Islam and the West. According to the author, although al-Qaeda network’s attack on New York buildings is one of the major manifestations of political and ideological confrontations between Muslims and the West, this confrontation cannot be generalized to the entire Muslim World and the West. He mentions six main reasons for his claim, reasons demonstrating that despite the heightened tensions between the West and the Muslim World and the pressure of extremist views in both sides, the relationship between Islam and the West in the future will be a peaceful relationship based on mutual understanding. The author concludes that it can be conceived that there is no challenge in the relations between Islam and the West but powerful Western countries’ treatment of the issue plays a crucial part in the enhancement or reduction of such challenges. Particularly US biased behavior toward the Palestinian question and its full-fledged support for Israel may reinforce these challenges.