جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دیپلماسی علمی » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The signing of a memorandum of understanding on comprehensive cooperation between the two countries of Iran and China over the next 25 years has facilitated the expansion of bilateral cooperation in various fields. Scientific cooperation is one of the important dimensions of this document. Allocating clauses to the scientific cooperation between the two countries, in addition to creating the opportunity for scientific development, can be the basis for cooperation in other fields. The focus of this article is on providing policy solutions and strategies to improve the level of scientific cooperation, considering the will of the governance systems of the two countries to improve relations over the next 25 years. To achieve this goal, a theoretical framework containing propositions derived from the network system and structure-agent has been drawn for three micro, medium, and macro levels. The research method is structural-interpretive analysis. The result is that the scientific cooperation between the two countries, Iran and China, is affected by a set of factors at the macro, medium, and micro levels that directly and indirectly affect its progress. Based on the findings of the research, macro-level factors, including "political will" and "Iran's membership in the Belt and Road Initiative," have the greatest direct impact on the expansion of scientific cooperation between the two countries. The main achievement of the article is to determine the share of influential factors and the types of relationships between this network of factors and to provide suggestions for prioritizing them with the aim of promoting scientific cooperation between the two countries of Iran and China.

Today, Science Diplomacy has found an important place among the world countries, and especially the countries claiming world leadership are increasingly using its capacity to increase their soft power and influence in the target societies. The Islamic Republic of Iran has also been more or less concerned with this issue, but due to the lack of a comprehensive and effective model for Science Diplomacy in Iran, in this research, an attempt has been made to review the global theoretical and practical achievements and experiences by analytical-descriptive method and to take a small and elementary step in the direction of moving towards the desired Islamic-Iranian pattern of Science Diplomacy. This research, while examining the existing definitions of Science Diplomacy, deals with its approaches, areas and dimensions and expresses the practical experience of selected countries in Science Diplomacy. In response to the main research question, namely, “How does Science Diplomacy in the desired Islamic-Iranian pattern lead to an increase in the soft power of the country?” using global experiences and Islamic-Iranian principles, we can enumerate six dimensions for this pattern and examine it in this regard: purpose, approach, content, expression, audience and operator. These six dimensions can be extended to different dimensions and areas of Science Diplomacy. The desired pattern of Science Diplomacy and its six dimensions can be drawn as a system A system whose ultimate goal is the establishment of justice and cultivation of Muslims and the people of the world through the realization of a new Islamic civilization and the dominion of Allah, and its other components are placed under this general goal and act.

In a globalized world where actors especially emerging powers, are seeking to advance their position in the international structure, the use of soft power, has become increasingly important, especially in the face of scientific diplomacy.Under these circumstances, the United States, as a great power that also excels in the production and dissemination of advanced science and technology, uses this diplomacy to achieve its national goals and interests. This orientation is associated with certain features in relation to Central Asia and the Caucasus, and in particular to Kazakhstan; As the United States seeks to build constructive, purposeful, and framed cooperation with science diplomacy in a new strategic perspective, especially in the context of "Science for Diplomacy." This type of diplomatic cooperation is formed and developed based on the role of thinkers and academics and their relationship with the masses, academic and industrial centers. In this regard, the question is how scientific diplomacy has played a role in the US foreign policy towards Kazakhstan in the post-September period. In response, using the deductive research method through explaining and collecting information and scientific data, the authors examined the following assumption: In the framework of US foreign policy towards Kazakhstan after 9/11, scientific diplomacy in the form of "science for diplomacy" and by emphasizing the categories of "development-oriented cooperation" and "security-oriented cooperation" has helped to advance the foreign policy of this government. The findings of the article show that relying on scientific diplomacy in Kazakhstan, the United States has taken advantage of software opportunities to develop comprehensive relations with the country, especially in the political and security spheres, and defined Kazakhstan as a strategic allied player in the region to influence transnational equations.

The present study intends to investigate the scientific and technological collaborations in Eurasian Union. From this point of view, after expanding the conceptual framework of this subject and declare the problematic aspect of it, we investigate the importance of the scientific and technological collaborations. According to the thematic documents that are being presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection in this research is the library method. Findings of this study indicate that at first, scientific and technological collaborations contrary to the economic and commercial collaborations aren’t based on personal interests and mostly consider the national interests. The result of this issue is that the scientific and technological collaborations are being considered in the relationships between countries which are based on win-win situation. Secondly, weakness and shortage of modern science and technology and also the shortage of professional workforce in the area of Eurasia lead the region to be receptive toward a specific type of diplomacy under the framework of scientific and technological diplomacy.

Science diplomacy has gained increasing importance in the field of international relations in the light of the rapid growth and increasing role of knowledge and technology in human life in the 21st century. On the one hand Iran's tendency to advance in the fields of science and technology and its achievements in these fields, and on the other hand the approach taken by its diplomatic apparatus in using soft power and its concentration on the increasing cooperation with its neighbors, have proposed science diplomacy as a suitable instrument to help Iran achieve its objectives. In this context, this study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical method, has tried to assess Iran’s science diplomacy in relations with Armenia as one its neighbor. First, a comprehensive picture of the concept of science diplomacy is provide, then while presenting a general picture of Iran-Armenia relations, the various dimensions of Iran’s applied science diplomacy in relations with Armina are examined. The authors have tried to answer for the following questions: “What are the positional and dimensional features of Iran’s science diplomacy in relations with Armenia? And by what means and how can this type of diplomacy be promoted?” The hypothesis put to test is that "Iran’s science diplomacy in relations with Armenia is not commensurate with the potential capacities and there are missing elements in all its dimensions that require initiatives to be noticed and incorporated in order to promote the ties. In the concluding part of the article, the findings, their analyses and results achieved have provided solid ground to offer suggestions to improve Iran’s science diplomacy in relations with Armenia.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the Islamic countries of Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia exploit international organizations in the field of science and technology and the neglected capacities and opportunities of Iran in this field. In this regard, first, the most important international organizations in the field of science and technology were identified in the regional and global dimensions and the presence and exploitation of these countries were compared with Iran. In this article, interviews and analysis of the experts’ opinions in the field of science and technology show that although Iran's presence in the international multilateral processes in this field is acceptable in terms of quantity, it is not desirable in terms of quality. The most important reason for this is the lack of skilled manpower in the field of international science and technology cooperation and the low level of specialized knowledge of activists in this field. Iran's membership in international institutions is often decentralized, and Iranian representatives are unaware of each other's presence and cannot make use of the most of existing experiences and capacities. The inconsistency and lack of the representatives’ alignment in these organizations is very serious. among the main challenges of the presence of representatives in international institutions can be mentioned these cases: the interaction with key responsible organizations, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the lack of seriousness of other organizations in their interactions, the lack of transparency in domestic law, and the lack of oversight of international law and law.

In the conventional economics literature, the crystallization of the possibility of non-profit economic activities along with profit-making activities with the third sector of the economy, including benevolent activities, is found; the waqf entity can be considered as one of the institutions of the third sector in the Islamic world Examined. Among the important strategies for using the waqf entity is the idea of scientific diplomacy in the Islamic world.The issue of this research is the clarification of scientific diplomacy using the capabilities of the waqf institution and discovering its strategies. The method of data collection is library and its analysis is based on the method of the analysis of the subject. Based on the results of this study, three main themes and subjects that are related to the analysis of the content of related written sources are: Definition of Scientific Endowment Diplomacy, "The Need for Scientific Endowment Diplomacy" and "Endowment Diplomacy Strategies".The dangers of the current globalization, the need to create a regional and global Shiite force, the flood of Islamophobia and Shi'a, the need to activate the third part and the importance of diplomacy through the scientific centers reveal the need for scientific diplomacy through the institution of the waqf. Paying attention to new scientific developments, establishing coordination with other scientific centers of other countries to create joint research institutes, utilizing the components of pure Islamic discourse for regional and global convergence are among the most important strategies of scientific diplomacy endowed through scientific centers. They are.

Academic diplomacy can be considered as one of the most effective fields of public diplomacy. This diplomacy is mainly led by countries' universities and academic community. Nowadays, being aware of the high degree of effectiveness of academic diplomacy in the achievement of desirable results in their foreign policy, various countries seek to invest in this modern field. As a forerunner in the field of Islamic humanities, the Imam Sadiq (pbuh) University (ISU) can be introduced as an example in the field of academic diplomacy. A study of the background of this university and evaluation of the level of its internationalization based on standard indicators shows that ISU has not been completely successful in the international presentation of itself, and ultimately in its movement in line with academic diplomacy. In this research, I have interviewed the ISU's authorities, professors, and experts at the international level using data saturation point method. With respect to the causes of ISU's failure, one can point to such factors as the lack of motivation and will on behalf of ISU's senior authorities. In the end, such solutions as creating awareness in the staff, faculty members, and utilizing the capacities of ISU graduates are mentioned.

During the years subsequent to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Islamic Republic of Iran has been experiencing many new opportunities and threats in its immediate neighbourhood, of which, South Caucasus is a complicated and geopolitically important part. Major transformations on the global and regional scenes have affected the ways and tools at the disposal of policymakers to realize national interests. Now it is widely acknowledged that science diplomacy can play an effective role in achieving foreign policy goals. Most of the regional and transregional rivals of Iran have made science diplomacy a part of their Caucasian policy. In the following article we will address this question: What role has been played by public diplomacy in the relations between Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan & how it can contribute to this relationship in the future? Our main hypothesis is that considering the remarkable capacities of Iranian universities and research centres the science diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the South Caucasus has not been formed in an active way.

The role of science diplomacy in the pursuit of states' national interests (With emphasis on knowledge based companies)Dr, Mohammad reza dehshiriTaiba mohammadi pourAbstract:Science diplomacy refers to the scientific capabilities as the means of states to interact with other countries and nations in diplomatic relations. The science diplomacy is used to serve the states' national interests on the basis of various approaches such as economic approaches, marketing, providing an income, increasing the influence, gaining international prestige, and increasing the security, production of knowledge and mobilization of sources. The states use knowledge based companies as one of the most important means of science diplomacy for interaction between states and the pursuit of national interest because they use technology to produce commodities and to provide services. So the question of research is: how could science diplomacy pursue the national interests of states by using the capabilities of knowledge based companies? The hypothesis would suggest that science diplomacy provides opportunities for the interaction and gaining prestige for creation of wealth by using capacity of knowledge based companies in technology transfer and by creating foreign markets for the knowledge based commodities.Key words: Science diplomacy, National interest, Knowledge based companies.