جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رقابت سیاسی » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

There are different ideas about democracy. One of the relatively new views that have been raised in this regard is the view of democratic pluralism. According to this view, the basis of democracy is the plurality of active groups in politics and their competition in the form of elections to gain power. In general, pluralist democracy is based on three principles: multiplicity of sources of power and groups, competitive electoral system and lack of desirability of broad political participation.The current research tries to look at the political situation of Iran in the years after the Islamic revolution based on the theory of democratic pluralism. In Iran, after the revolution, for various reasons, political parties have not had an effective presence in politics, and instead of them, political factions have been active in the political arena. The question of the current research is, "What were the reasons for the continued multiplicity of active political forces in Iran's political arena after the revolution, and what effect did this multiplicity have on political development in Iran?" The hypothesis is that in the years after the revolution, despite the desire of each of the factions to eliminate the rival faction from the political arena, the plurality of political factions has continued and this continuity is rooted in the social base of different factions. Descriptive-analytical method has been used to test the hypothesis. The findings show that the continuation of the plurality of political factions in the years after the Islamic Revolution and their competition has prevented the complete unification of power and the destruction of democracy

Among the political crises that exist in the Islamic world, the lack of democracy and the desire for authoritarianism are at the top of them. Apart from the causes and sociological factors that they mention about it, it seems that the lack of analysis of its essence in the shadow of religious thought has become an additional cause. Democracy belongs to the West and its acceptance in the Islamic world requires its reconstruction on the basis of text. It is important that the structure should be removed from authoritarianism and the role of the people in political life should be increased, but what was neglected is dealing with the essence of democracy, i.e. political competition, without which democracy basically becomes meaningless. What gives democracy an identity and separates it from the structure of authoritarianism is political competition and not political participation; In an authoritarian system, participation may increase and the government with a high vote will remain in power, but it will still remain authoritarian. Since the 1920s, which is called the spring of welcoming democracy in the Islamic world, there have been many reflections on the various aspects of democracy from an Islamic perspective, but less attention has been paid to its essence, which is political competition. What is the position of religious thought regarding this concept? And which of the chapters of jurisprudence is able to regulate it within a political system? ( Issue ) . From the point of view of this article, the chapter on lessons learned can clarify the path of such a competition and explain its Islamic rules. (hypothesis). The methodology of this article is the common method of new jurisprudential subjects, which is based on the ijtihad of the seminary. (Methodology) This review shows that jurisprudence accepts political competition and assigns rules to it that can justify such competition. (findings)

The concept of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran is institutionalized based on competition and partnerships, and paying attention to the future of these two factors indicates the strength or weakness of the Islamic Republic system. Increasing participation, as a multidimensional process, affects or is influenced by many components; In such a way that its realization requires teamwork, intellectual-procedural stability of the system's agents, in relation to positive trends and optimal synergy of potential and actual capacities and infrastructures. Therefore, the question of the present article is, what are the future-oriented guidelines for increasing competition and political participation in Iran? The current research is analytical-descriptive with a future research approach, using the scenario method. The findings indicate a scenario development for a favorable future for civil society in relation to political participation; which includes the possible scenario; possible scenario; He pointed out the favorable future scenario.

One of the ways to conduction the experiences and skills of political activities in different generations is to be aware of the lived experiences of politicians. The experience of politician acting is differentiated according to the type of political system in each society because the institutional, legal and organizational structures of political systems and on the other hand cultural, historical, religious and mentality characteristics affect the methods of political acting, rules and also its results and achievements. Political education is important as the first and main step for politician activities; So that the types of political education have a great impact on the characteristics of political action which the most important place for it to appear is in political competition. In this paper, using semi-structured interviews and qualitative data analysis and coding by Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss method was extracted the central categories of the two concepts of political education and political competition and they were studied in relation to the lived experiences of Iranian women politicians. A total of three models, Follower political education, Combative political education, Citizenship political education was conceptualized and two models of political competition studied in Hidden type and Competition in political authority. Finally, the relationship between political education models and the type of political competition was summarized and analyzed.

Iran's Islamic revolution, with every analysis that has been presented about its occurrence, caused vast changes in Iranian society. These changes have also been effective in the class structure of the society and brought about changes in it. So that despite the participation of the middle class, both traditional and new, in the victory process of the Islamic Revolution; But gradually, with the passage of time, the traditional middle class strata in competition with the new middle class strata gained more influence on the political decision-making process and control over economic and political funds and resources. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study that has been used to collect information from library and documentary methods. In total, the results of the research show that despite the formation and growth of the traditional and new middle class in the period of construction, but in the period of reforms, we witness the peak of the political action of the new middle class and in the period of fundamentalism, we witness the peak of the political action of the traditional middle class in political competitions.

Due to its geopolitical and geoeconomic importance, the Persian Gulf region is of great importance for regional and extra-regional actors. The Persian Gulf region has a dual function; peace/war and convergence/divergence and endogenous/exogenous security. What is important in this article is the analysis of the nature of exogenous security on the regionalism mechanism of the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf in the field of their domestic and foreign policy. The main question of the research is what effect does exogenous security have on the regionalism mechanism of the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf? The main hypothesis is that the regionalism of the Persian Gulf countries is based on exogenous security and relies on the provision of regional security by extra-regional powers, and pan-Arab attitudes, Shiite and Sunni geopolitics, maintaining the political system and unity against Large regional players have intensified this strategy. Bringing up topics such as Arab NATO even at the theoretical level and bilateral and multilateral defense agreements with great powers is in line with the completion of the exogenous security project. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library and internet collection methods

Political competition, which is called the struggle of political rivals for political power, has always been discussed by experts because of its role in strengthening and efficiency or swaying and weakening the political system.The purpose of this study is to obtain the answer to the question "What is the nature, principles and principles of political competition in Imam Khomeini's (as) thought", so that political competition at the level of the Islamic Revolution can be drawn and engineered.

This study collected its data using the documentary-library method and focused on the content of books, lectures, messages and orders and socio-political positions of Imam Khomeini (ra), described and explained. And put analysis.

According to Imam Khomeini's political thought, political power is competitive in nature. That is, both in its origin and in its mechanism of action, it arises from the will and participation of individuals in society, and in the fundamental rights formed on the basis of Imam Khomeini's thought, the necessary infrastructures and practical frameworks for a comprehensive political competition are embedded. Has been.

Imam Khomeini (ra) by denying any tyranny of political power and accepting a decisive role for the people, defines political competition as task-oriented and in the interests of society, and it as a comprehensive religious and sharia worship and adaptation in Charity has been explained to the deserving of politics.

Political competition as a natural and even useful behavior is the hallmark of decentralized and democratic political construction. Of course, all political efforts must be focused on preventing political competition from turning into conflict. Accordingly, theoretically, three types of political competition can be considered, which are "political competition for the political system", "political competition for the political system" and "political competition within the political system; That is the type of "political competition within the political system." From this point of view, the components of political competition are considered as the rules of political competition, in order to create order, to which all actors are committed. In the following, the most important components in the field of Islamic-Iranian political competition are discussed. In this research, using indigenous sources, the qualitative method and theoretical foundations of political competition with documentary and library methods have been studied and the components of Islamic-Iranian political competition have been extracted, and the weight of each has been determined and operationalized quantitatively in the form of a questionnaire (Delphi method).

Political rivalry as a peaceful strategy of shift of power in modern politics is an established fact. This concept in liberalism has been formulated on certain principles and grounds. The present article, while studying the principles and grounds of political rivalry in liberal democracy, tries to level criticism at them in order to challenge the political rivalry which emerge from these principles and grounds. Drawing upon an analytic-inferential method, the findings from the library data have come to this conclusion that as liberal democracy has degraded from the requisites of teleological reason into the carnal desires in its task of explaining rights and values, it carries with it certain consequences the most important of which in the realm of political rivalry is that the political rivalries are not regarded as dependent on the ápriori values and they are independent of the wills and desires of the individuals and this independency brings about evil consequences for liberal democracy. Key words liberalism, principles of democracy, liberal democracy, political rivalry. 'The Study and Criticism of Political Rivalry in Liberal Democracy :by Dāwūd Taqilū Political rivalry as a peaceful strategy of shift of power in modern politics is an established fact. This concept in liberalism has been formulated on certain principles and grounds. The present article, while studying the principles and grounds of political rivalry in liberal democracy, tries to level criticism at them in order to challenge the political rivalry which emerge from these principles and grounds. Drawing upon an analytic-inferential method, the findings from the library data have come to this conclusion that as liberal democracy has degraded from the requisites of teleological reason into the carnal desires in its task of explaining rights and values, it carries with it certain consequences the most important of which in the realm of political rivalry is that the political rivalries are not regarded as dependent on the ápriori values and they are independent of the wills and desires of the individuals and this independency brings about evil consequences for liberal democracy.

The purpose of this article is to survey the historic process of democracy in Iran after Islamic revolution by benefiting from Robert Dahl’s polyarchy model and qualifying his threefold indexes as political participation, political competition and political supervision and their mixture through Boolean algebra technic as to show the historic fluctuation process of democracy in Iran after revolution. By periodization the history after Islamic revolution into four periods, i.e. first period (1979-82), second period (1982-98), third period (1988-2006), fourth period (2006-2013), the collected data show that the amount of democracy indicators has fluctuated over time except the period of 1979-1982, but, the fluctuation has leaned to up, not down. In spite of affluent sources which have surveyed this topic mostly qualitatively or have surveyed some parts of this topic, this article has attempted to survey the different parts of this topic methodically and quantitatively through mixed method; this article has also received an outcome that the historic process of democracy in Iran after revolution has progressed so far, and presumably it would progress in future if its looked through a historical sociology.

Given that political marketing has come from the behaviors of reality in political affairs to universities, and has been theorized in the faculties of political science, so existing theories are usually the only ones explaining the facts and usually the deeper and deeper layers of science, the less these theories. Is taken into consideration. Accordingly, and as political market players need a more cognitive and cognitive model for conducting political affairs, in particular, understanding the factors that influence voter behavior, they can both effectively and accurately identify voter behavior. To predict behaviors and ultimately vote to avoid errors in political forecasting and planning, the researcher first criticizes existing political marketing theories and then presents a neural (cognitive) model of political marketing. Based on research by the researcher. The author's point of view in critiquing political marketing patterns is based on the marketing perspective and has been examined on this basis. Finally, the researcher presented the cognitive marketing model (basal nerve) as a functional model based on the function of the nerves and the way the human brain works. The model presented in this study is presented in three levels: Level 1, the level of voters and voters, which focuses more on the internal and psychological issues that have cognitive origins; And there are domestic laws; the third level, the political environment abroad, which includes the international media and international political institutions. The Delphi method was used to design the model. The Delphi panel was comprised of specialists in cognitive and neuroscience, political science, and marketing science. Given that the model should be tested, the researcher used a pls tool to test the model with 384 respondents from over 18 years of Iranian political affairs inside and outside the country using a questionnaire. Other parts of the model in this study have been tested by the Delphi method.

The systematic nature of political competitions is regarded as one of the challenges of political systems, especially the religion-based political system. This paper aims at presenting theological approaches founded on theological jurisprudence and the theoretical framework of competition within the regime. To achieve this, the article suggests strategic focus on the vertices of theological geometry and proposes solutions such as the moderate and diverse political theology, the maximum political participation based on the divine-communal legitimacy, and the development of plurality and political freedom, Islamic broadmindedness, and religious political education, each of which can cover some aspects of such systems. The focus of article on the moderate and diverse political theology which includes an extreme end of absolute nature and on the other end a secularist minimum explains the separation of religion in various biological fields and areas of management based on the textual and metaphysical facts of Islam; in this respect, apart from the obligatory rulings, in Islamic view, a significant part of human life is separate from religious obligations and is distinguishable; there are generalities in all fields; in some areas generalities exist with some details. In the divine and public legitimacy the acceptance and satisfaction of the majority of the people is regarded as the judicial principle of “part of cause “for the legitimacy of judicial authority and government without which such authority cannot be considered legitimate and cannot be exercised. On the other hand, in Islam, political plurality is accepted in accordance with the laws of the religious community. And the verses 13 of Hijab Sura, 48 of Ma›edeh Surah, and 251 of Baqarah imply pluralism. Religious and political tolerance also contributes to systematizing the environment and political behavior of the religious community.

The paper examines the dimensions and trends of the impact of the disputes in the Field of political theology on political competitions during the era in which the Islamic Republic of Iran stabilized (1987-2005). For the purpose, Skinner's approach, with some alterations, for studying the subjective and objective contexts, and David Sanders' classification for figures of stability and instability have been used to explore the impact of disputes on political competition. While examining the disputes in political theology of Islam and social justice, Islam and efficiency, the legitimacy of government and sovereignty in Islam, and the freedom in Islam, it seems that the conflict between Islam and social justice is the most influential debate in this period. During this period, the system of thought in the religious left and right emerged from the Islamist rulers` mind. Islamic liberals are also active intellectuals outside the state. The impact of disputes on competition has also been direct and indirect, each being maximal and minimal.

In political justice, the debate is about balancing, granting political rights, observance of law and the desired distribution of power among citizens, with the presence of this value, the active and free participation of individuals, the right to expression, the right to criticize, the formation of associations, the right to vote and the right to elect, It is provided to the citizens and the affairs are in proportion to the power, in proportion to their place. The main question of this paper is to examine the equality of opportunities and opportunities as one of the strategies for achieving political justice, with emphasis on the verses and logic of the Holy Qur'an, and in the hypothesis of the theoretical means such as equality in social situations, creation against human beings. These findings can be noted that for the implementation and achievement of the strategy of equality of opportunities and facilities, components such as the presence of legitimate power, the negation of privileges and judgment, and the law is equal, influential and fundamental, and can provide a platform for society to reach political justice. This research is based on descriptive-analytical method.

The major concern of the present article is the investigation of the dimensions and the trend of the effect of political theological disputes as one of the main factors on the political campaigns during the development of Islamic Republic of Iran system. Accordingly, it has been taken advantage of Skinner method in order to investigate the objective and subjective grounds as well as the classification of David Sanders on the static and fluctuating facets to study the effect of disputes over the political campaigns so that the conditions of developing the theological political disputes and the political campaigns during the development of Islamic Republic is investigated. The most significant theological political disputes of this era are the political dimensions of unity, universalism or comprehensiveness, legitimacy, Islam and national sovereignty. The change of regime and government, peaceful and violent challenges are considered as the four facets of impressionableness from the theological disputes. In this regard, the codes of conduct are considered as the direct effect of majority, the political approaches and status as the direct effect of minority, the development of new political parties as the indirect effect of majority and political events as the indirect effect of minority. The present article illustrates that this era is the observant of the increase in the political campaign as well as the increase of chaos in it due to the increase of theological political disputes

Political culture is one of routes and means of political analysis in every country. In this way, researcher focuses on the seeking of mentality of layer or layers or dominant face of society. The mentality that every social factors whether or not is affected by it more or less. Political culture approach is an interdisciplinary approach and is formed from combination of psychology, sociology, social psychology and anthropology. In this paper the event of 1376 election is analyzed by qualitative content analysis and participatory observation and by using this procedure the researcher has tried to emboss some shapes of political culture in Islamic Republic of Iran. Wartime religious obedience, constructiveness era consumptionism, structural pessimism towards rulers, the Ashura event director, negative participation are some of the this paper’s findings.

This article studies political competition in the era of the Islamic Republic and compares the present and desirable situation. Given the characteristics of the political foundation of this systems, the author uses available sources, espeeially the statements and opinion of the founder of Islamic Revolution and those of the supreme leader as well as high level documents such as the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran to conduct his research based on a survey method. He concluded that the average level of the present situation is lower than the midde point suggesting that there is a significant gap between present and desiratle situation negarding political competition in the country. The present situation is far from the desirable level in subjects such as legality, ethics, unity and observing religious principles.

The main inquiry of this article is to find out what factors have been influential in the stability or instability of political coalitions during the era of Islamic republic of Iran. In a general study of socio-political developments in the era of Islamic republic of Iran, a kind of instability is generally witnessed in the relations and interactions among the political elites, activists, groups and associations. Instabilities during the first decade after revolution can be analyzed based on conditions such as the fledgling revolutionary society as well as the imposed war. However during the second and third decade conditions changed. During these decades coalitions formed among the revolutionary and Islamist groups ruptures giving birth to new groupings and coalitions with new characteristics.