جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Coercive Diplomacy » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The Islamic Republic of Iran, as an actor that has challenged the hegemony of the United States and the ruling system of international relations and is a serious and active critic of the oppressive and unjust relations ruling the world, is always one of the strategic and main goals of the United States in combined war and coercive diplomacy. It has been in the field of foreign policy that with different methods and tools such as arms embargo, political pressure, economic embargo and efforts to isolate and narrow the circle of encirclement of the Islamic Revolution, it has demanded the submission of the Islamic Republic and following American regional and global policies. has been Considering that along with the conventional and unconventional means of combined warfare, including economic war, information war, political war, cultural war, psychological operations, cyber attacks, insecurity and internal destabilization, "diplomacy" and "diplomatic war" are also one of the The main and important axes of this type of combined war, this article seeks to investigate and analyze the nature and dimensions of combined war of America against the Islamic Republic according to the narrative of diplomacy and negotiation.

America's strategy against Iran has been based on changing the political system since the beginning of the victory of the Iranian Islamic Revolution. America's interventionist approach intensified in the Middle East after September 11, 2001 and caused the security of the region of countries such as Iran. Islamic Republic of Iran seeks to maximize its smart power in the Middle East in order to neutralize it. The main goal of this article is to find the examine the impact of the coercive diplomacy of the United States of America on the formation of the smart power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East. It is from September 11.The main question of this article is what effect has the coercive diplomacy of the United States of America had on the smart power of Iran? The research method is descriptive and analytical. The findings of the article show that coercive diplomacy of the United States of America has caused; Activate the power capacities of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the form of smart power to and threats and turn this into a regional power far from isolation in the Middle East. Among these capacities, in the field of smart power, it can be mentioned to inspire the Islamic awakening movements in the region, the axis of resistance as an anti-containment strategy, the role and effectiveness of GeneralSoleimani.

This study is to "evaluate the impact of Iranian strategic culture on Tehran's response to Washington's coercive diplomacy. The question is, "How has the strategic culture of Iran affected its response to Washington's wills i.e. giving up the ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The findings of the study, obtained through an inferential methodology and analyzed relying on the power of individual understanding, show that the nine components of Iranian strategic culture in regard of diplomacy and defense, including "martyrdom", "resistance", "emphasis on deterrence", tactical flexibility, "Strategic ambiguity", "strategic patience", "self-reliance", "strategic loneliness and a sense of vulnerability" and "the mission of the leadership of Islam and the region" and its 5 characteristics including "achieving the truth of trust", "courage" , "rationalism", "intelligent and thoughtful leadership" and "hybrid and multidimensional nature has led Iran to understand the extravagant and self-reinforcing nature of coercive diplomacy and the importance of resisting US pressure and to prevent an onset for the domino of being blackmailed by US. Thus, the interactions between Iran and US during the past four decades have been based on either the principle of "privilege for privilege" or "reciprocity."

Iran's tendency to create a regional map has led to the expansion of Iran's influence and increased geopolitical power due to elements such as the country's geopolitical situation and the adoption of a strategy to activate foreign non-state actors as regional arms. These reasons have created a growing sense of threat among the Persian Gulf states and Israel (as key US allies) and the need for convergence among them. In this study, we sought to answer the question of how and to what extent US sanctions have been able to affect Iran's domestic situation and regional approach. By continuing the strategy of " Containment" Iran and using " Coercive Diplomacy", the United States is trying to keep Iran in a kind of political-economic and geopolitical siege by smartening sanctions and maintaining and effectively regulating them, and the possibility of growth and foreign investment in Iran's economy to prevent. The consequences of imposing sanctions have weakened economic power and intensified the challenge of political-economic management inside Iran, and consequently, reduced the ability of Iran to support its proxy network as the main factor in the geopolitical realm of this country.

Containment of Iran's nuclear, missile and space programs, Iranian regional movements to fight Takfiri terrorism, U.S. dual interpretation of Terrorism and human rights, increasing AIPAC regime lobbying in U.S. Congress and Iran's support for the region's liberation movements, have prompted U.S. Congressional legislators to take steps towards ratification of comprehensive sanctions against Iran before JCPOA.
Improving the economic and livelihoods and Iran phobia defeating through reducing sanctions pressure, was the most important priority of the Islamic Republic of Iran in accepting JCPOA. For this reason, Congressional post-JCPOA sanctions against Iran has focused toward making inefficient of economic, commercial and banking diplomacy, weakening missile power of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and Engineering of regional arrangements through the accumulating, intelligent and aggregating of non-nuclear sanctions.
The most important innovation of this research is that using descriptive-analytical method and by collecting information through documentary and library studies, in addition to the comparison of the sanctions policies of the congresses in the pre and post-JCPOA, it has suggested ways to counter coercive diplomacy of U.S. congress.

This paper discussed the relation between Coercive Diplomacy and International law through International Institutions. After a brief review on the history and the mechanisms of Coercive Diplomacy and International Law, the means of Coercive Diplomacy in the after Second World War era is introduced. And the ways in which the Super Powers abuse the International Courts and Organizations to pressure other states is explained. International Organizations Functions inter alia, legitimating the Coercive Diplomacy is investigated. This legitimating and justifying role of International institutes is elicited by analyzing the UN Security Council decisions and International Atomic Energy Agency resolutions related to Iran Nuclear Crisis. Also Sanction as an alternative tool to Use of Force in the post-Cold War Coercive Diplomacy is perused and some examples of it are given. The conformity of the UN Security Council decisions to International Law is studied in the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and European Court of Justice (ECJ) cases. The last part is dedicated to summarize the conditions of an efficient and successful Coercive Diplomacy.

While studying the interactions shaped between Iran and the United States during the three past decades, this article seeks to answer this question: Where does the use of coercive diplomacy, and its objectives and nature stand in the process of America’s foreign policy against Iran throughout the three past decades? The hypothesis in this research is that the threat to use military force on the part of the United States constitutes one of the most viable means on the international scene to exert its influence. However, the IRI’s efforts to neutralize this means has played a decisive role in corroding the U.S. hegemony, and challenging its effort to exert its power unilaterally in the international regime. T follows that the United States mobilizes all its means to make Iran’s resistance costly, and prevent it from becoming a model for other actors in the international system. Also, this article argues that Iran’s continuous success in this international struggle relies on the people’s continuing presence and preparedness as well as their spirit to resist, proper leadership and management to pursue and sustain intelligent actions, and the Armed Forces’ increased preparedness and their ability to maintain the deterrent capability. The method in this research is analytical-descriptive.