جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Distribution Crisis » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Comprehensive development (economic, political and social development) is the concern of many political leaders of the world; however, in practice, the imbalance between different levels of development not only causes the ineffectiveness of the ruling regime, but also provides grounds for its downfall. On the other hand, the existence of successive political crises such as legitimacy crisis, identity crisis, participation crisis, influence crisis and distribution crisis leads a regime to the abyss of destruction. The second Pahlavi regime was not an exception to this rule in such a way that the imbalance in different levels of development (heterogeneity of development) and the existence of political crises provided the grounds for the victory of the Islamic revolution and the fall of the Pahlavi regime. Based on this, the main goal of the current research is the role of the political underdevelopment of the second Pahlavi regime in the Islamic revolution based on the theories of Lucian Pye and Samuel Huntington. The research method in this descriptive-analytical article and the data collection tool is library and internet. The results of the research show that the political underdevelopment of the Pahlavi regime as a result of the accumulation of legitimacy crisis, identity crisis, participation crisis, influence crisis and distribution crisis and development heterogeneity caused this regime not only did not solve them successfully, but these crises became dense and While making the regime ineffective, it destroyed Iran's modernization capacities and eventually caused the downfall of the Pahlavi regime and the victory of the Islamic Revolution.

Both in pre- and in post-Revolution periods, Iran’s critical geopolitical and geostrategic position, as well as its revolutionary Islamic ideology, has made it a highly important player at both the regional and international levels. This sensitive and perilous position has exposed the country to various incidents and events, including economic sanctions, recreation and overt and covert support of terrorist groups, and the sale of advanced weapons to regional actors. The resulting scenarios and potential power vacuums could create a divide in political participation and society, leading to a legitimacy gap, questions of authority, and a disruption of national unity. Given the importance of the current moment and the conditions ahead, it is essential for scholarly community to analyze and provide solutions for potential crises related to political participation. Furthermore, numerous domestic and structural obstacles have emerged as significant challenges to political participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran over the past four decades, leading to a crisis and serious problems in political participation.The crisis of political participation is a clear indication of an ineffective political system. This crisis stems from a growing gap between the people and the governance system, eroding trust between political leaders and people and causing a rift between the state and the nation. This lack of trust in political leaders impedes people’s willingness to participate in the political process, resulting in political deadlocks and potentially dire consequences for society.

 The Purpose of Research:

The purpose of this research was to examine the interrelated effects of multiple crises, including inefficiency, distribution, identity, influence, and legitimacy crises, on the political system, with a particular focus on the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. The research question is, what are the consequences of crises for active political participation?

This research employed a descriptive–analytical method, utilizing a cross-sectional study of a particular time period.

By exploring the correlations and conflicts between data, the study confirms that any political crisis signals a decrease in authority and legitimacy, ultimately resulting in a decline in active political participation and a crisis in the political system. The events of December 2017, the rise in price of gasoline and the unrest of November 2019, the Ukrainian plane crash, the crisis of inefficiency in price control, broken promises, and the distribution crisis led to a growing class divide and the decline of the urban middle class. Moreover, the gap between the language used by the governance system and the language of the people, the people’s demands and how they interacted with the political system, and the quality of their influence on politics can only be evaluated by criteria such as political participation. It is important to note that various events and occurrences, influenced by political actors and competing, parallel forces both inside and outside the government’s decision-making, have contributed to the widening scope of the crisis. However, for the purposes of this study, the term crisis refers specifically to the period of Rouhani’s administration.

The analysis revealed that the inefficiency crisis and distribution crisis, along with more institutionalized crises of identity and influence, erodes legitimacy at different levels, thereby reducing political participation. This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between crises and political participation, highlighting how the inefficiency of Rouhani’s government and its inability to distribute economic and political resources fairly led to a decline in legitimacy, increased dissatisfaction, and a drop in political participation. Specifically, four major failures of the 11th and 12th governments were identified, namely, foreign policy failures, mismanagement of the Ministry of Science, failure to control the monetary and financial crisis in various markets, and failure to manage COVID–19 pandemic.

The present study examines and analyzes the impact of the distribution crisis on the fall of the Second Pahlavi regime from the perspective of Lucien Pye Crisis Theory. The main question of the present study is what was the role of the distribution crisis in the fall of the Pahlavi regime. The findings of this study indicate the fact that the Pahlavi regime was in a distribution crisis for reasons such as authoritarianism, lack of proper distribution of power, lack of political participation, and unbalanced and unjust allocation of oil revenues. The Pahlavi regimechr('39')s confrontation with the citizenschr('39') participatory-based demands in politics, the excessive concentration of wealth among the Pahlavi regimechr('39')s leaders, and the promotion and distribution of values contrary to the religious and traditional beliefs of Iranian society eventually exacerbated the distribution crisis and led to the fall of the Pahlavi regime. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and causal research. The technique of collecting data and the method of the study are library-based documentary analysis.