جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Independence referendum » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The independence referendum of the Kurdistan Region was caught in a domestic,regional and international situation.Undoubtedly,the negative reaction of regional and international actors had a significant role in this process.Meanwhile, examining the role of usa as the biggest Global power and an influential actor in the developments of Iraq,which itself has deep relations with the Kurdistan region is very important,and the difference in the action of this actor could have different results in relation to the referendum issue.This research seeks to examine the foreign policy of the usa regarding the independence referendum of the Kurdistan Region in 2017.The questions that this research seeks to answer are:Why was usa unable to present a comprehensive strategy regarding the independence referendum of the Kurdistan Region despite its long-standing relationship with the Kurds? And what were the consequences of this incoherence?The answer to these questions requires examining the internal and external strategic environment affecting the usa foreign policy.Using the theory of "neoclassical realism",this article argues that the systematic limitations as well as the specific perception of foreign policy agents made usa unable to form a clear road map.This caused a strategic vacuum in the region and had consequences such as strengthening the position of the peripheral powers to fill the gap caused by the reduction of usa influence in the region,as well as the isolation of the Kurds in an environment without allies.In this research, descriptive-explanatory method was used and data collection was done by library method as well as interview.

Following the ISIL invasion of northern Iraq, Kurdish Peshmerga unofficially took control of some parts of the northern Iraq abandoned by Iraqi forces and, as a result, consequently attempted to strengthen the independence of Kurdistan. This event has important internal and regional implications on the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Utilizing the Future Studies scenario technique, the current research aims to answer the following question: Given the Kurdish Peshmarga’s aim for the independent Kurdistan, how their political future can be best predicted? This investigation provides five scenarios in three categories: a) Prefarable scenario: Kurdistan climate negotiations with the central government of Iraq, Iran, Turkey, the United States and its western allies, and the declaration of independence of Kurdistan; the independence of the Kurdistan region and the utilizing Erbil's economic capabilities to influence future actions and reactions (B) Probable scenario: mediating a third actor, and enjoying economic and political privileges via taking part in the disputed areas administration; creating a confederal system in return for postponing or abandoning the independence of Kurdistan; Immediate announcement of the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan after the possible failure of talks with the central government of Iraq and the rest of regional and international states (C) Possible scenario: creation of a great Kurdistan. The findings of the present study indicate that the consequences of the referendum of September 25, 2017, have affected the Kurdistan region. Therefore, if the Kurdish government can not overcome this crisis, many of the current achievements in the economic sphere will lose political, social and cultural freedom.

Sa'adi Ahmed Pira was born in 1951 in Makhmur, a town near Erbil. He was young when he began his political activities. Like many other politically active Kurds he became homeless after the 1975 Algiers Agreement between Iran and Iraq and immigrated to Iran. In 1975 he became a member of Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. He then went to Austria as a political refugee and was recognized as a citizen and began studying civil engineering. He then gave up on his studies and returned to Iraq. He got elected as a representative during the first parliamentary cycle of Kurdistan, and became the minister of agriculture a year later. He was later elected as a member of the political council of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and consequently represented Patriotic Union of Kurdistanin in social democratic internationalist parties. He is currently a member of the political bureau and head of foreign relations office of Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.

Zana rostayi was born in 1969 in Rust town of Balakati region. He studied law in Salahaddin University-Erbil. in 1991, he became a member of the Islamic Movement of Kurdistan Party and, after the Islamic Kurdistan Group was founded, he was elected as a leading member of this party. He got elected as a parliamentary representative in the second parliamentary cycle of Kurdistan parliament and was active in the law commission of the parliament for a few cycles. He was elected in the third parliamentary cycle, too. He is currently a member of Kurdistan Parliament Representatives Union and editor in chief of the Parlamentar magazine. He pointed out the achievements and challenges of Kurdish regions in Iraq, and maintained that the decision for the Iraqi Kurdistan Independence referendum was a mistake and compared it to swimming against the current.