جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Political Realism » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the hostage crisis, a new entity, that is the United States as an enemy, became one of the most revealing and consolidating aspects of the political identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran's establishment. With a focus on the role of political identity, this article seeks to answer the question why the Islamic Republic of Iran still insists on not having relations with the United States and refuses to make compromises with it despite all the US-led structural pressure now that four decades have passed since the victory of the revolution. The views of political realists have been used to answer this question. Political realists maintain that the friend-enemy distinction is the essence and core tenet of politics. They also argue that the strong and innate need of groups and entities to maintain a political identity rather than a structure or a desire for power underlies this distinction and emphasize the need to keep a distance from the enemy in order to survive and pursue own objectives.

Nowadays, the International Community of States is regarded as the cornerstone of international relations studies. In such a community, the nature of international entities and mechanisms and the foundations for the commitment of States to international law are defined from a different perspective. The notion of International Community of States has had various reflections in the standpoint of legal schools and theories. In this respect, the so-called American New Haven School has illustrated the concepts of power, international law and the International Community of States differently by defining law as the outcome of a process in which the superpowers confront each other. The New Haven School is mostly motivated by the political realism theory, but with a new fancy garment that eventually results in the protection of American national interest. In this article, the proposed concepts in the New Haven School are first described and analyzed, and subsequently they are criticized. It is also discussed in this article that the application of New Haven School in international relations brings injustice to the rule-making process among States in the International Community.

With the start of the presidency of Barack Obama and his promise to change, America's foreign policy orientation altered from the Middle East to Asia, so that Obama during his presidency has made great efforts to focus United State's attention and resources to Asia-Pacific. What is the reason of America's strategic orientation change under the Obama presidency from the Middle East to Asia-Pacific? Where should be pursued the context of this change? Due to the proximity of the Obama doctrine to political realism principles, the reason of this change must be tracked on the Obama's realistic policies. Therefore, this study tries to show that how Obama's realistic foreign policy changed the strategic orientation of this country by using the analytical - explanatory method. In this regard, after examining the theory of political realism and Obama realistic doctrine, the Pivot to Asia strategy will be explored which represents an important change in the United States foreign policy from the Middle East to Asia-Pacific.

John Rawls’s “A Theory of Justice” is one of the most important books on political philosophy of justice written in the twentieth century that revolutionized the study of literature. The book caused fundamental changes not only in theory, but also in practice. Undoubtedly, this theory has left a great impact on the western systems of social justice and their tendency to distributive justice in the form of welfare state in the second half of the twentieth century. Rawls’s theory is considered as an attempt to improve the chaotic situation in the social welfare functions of western nations after World War II, although theoretically it is unique. Despite all the benefits provided, Rawls’s thought has been often seriously criticized for its deep epistemological and idealistic approach. Hence, Rawls accepts the deficiencies of its idealistic theory in the late twentieth century, and by publishing “The political Liberalism”, he modifies the theory in order to achieve political realism and tends to some entitlement justice. With a brief review of Rawls’s theory of justice, the paper attempts to present a realistic picture of such Rawls’s turn.