جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Public Policy » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

In the last two decades, a term called electronic government was introduced, but today we are talking about smart government, which is based on data and information. With the emergence of phenomena called data and its techniques, it is possible to collect and analyze data related to all kinds of policies in order to produce knowledge in each of the policy-making methods. Based on this, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating and investigating the impact of using macro in the general policy cycle and policy areas in Iran. For this purpose, quantitative fuzzy Delphi method was used The statistical population of the research is academic experts and managers and specialists in the policy field and the sample size is 17 people, which was used for sampling by non-random and targeted snowball method. In order to collect data, two questionnaires related to the feasibility of using big data in 6 stages of the policy data cycle and 16 policy areas were used. The results of the data analysis indicate that in the framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran's policy making, the use of big data in the general policy cycle is more possible in problem solving and agenda setting. Also, based on the level of preparation of each field in Iran's native conditions, it is more possible to use big data in the fields of defense and security policy, public transportation, health and safety, housing and urban development, land preparation and tax system.

One of the challenges of contemporary governments is to face wicked problems and one of the best solutions to face them is policy innovation. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the individual drivers and barriers to support policy innovation by street-level bureaucrats.Therefore, the implementation of the performance-based budgeting policy in Iran was studied using thematic analysis method. This policy was an innovation to solve the wicked problem of the inefficiency of the budgeting system in the public sector.The findings showed that street-level bureaucrats resist the implementation of new policies due to their professionalism, confrontation and alienation from the policy, and encourage employees, support managers for innovation,closely monitor work performance and give feedback, and empowering employees to perform new activities and actions are the drivers of their support for the implementation of new policies.

Artificial intelligence is one of the new sciences that has been around for a century. Its nature and function, as an aspect of the soft power tool in the modern world, has an undeniable impact on most areas of human life, and as an interdisciplinary matter, it is of special importance in society, economy and the public sector and it has created new opportunities. In this article, the capacities and capabilities of artificial intelligence are explained with a descriptive-analytical method, and along with the operational knowledge of this concept, the specific capabilities and use of artificial intelligence programs in public policy are considered. Because just as the modern government was able to become more effective and efficient in the context of the ability to collect information, in the context of artificial intelligence and its capabilities, it will probably be able to apply better and more efficient governance in the future. On the other hand regardless of the sectors in which artificial intelligence is used, its consequences can affect different levels of the public sphere, including positive consequences and challenges, which is considered in this article.

The purpose of this contribution is to shed light on the evolution of public policy studies in France. It should be noted that this discipline was born in the United States in the 1950s mainly based on the works of Harold Lasswell who is known as the founding father of the discipline. Lasswell and his collaborators aimed to study the actions of the State to then be able to help decision-makers act more effectively and of course more democratically. It was in the 1980s that this discipline entered the scientific field in France. We believe that four steps are distinguishable in this regard.1- The attempts of synthesis aimed at bringing and knowing the discipline in France. The works of Madeleine Grawitz and Jean Leca, Yves Mény and Jean-Claude Thoenig, and Patrick Hassenteufel are notable in this regard. They brilliantly managed to clarify the foundations of the discipline and the research carried out in the United States and France in its frameworks. They were convinced that this new branch of political science would help to better understand the logic of public action, which would logically lead to its improvement.2- The multiple works carried out since the 1980s were inspired by the sociology of organizations. Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg have particularly prepared a fruitful ground for public policy researchers to access epistemological, theoretical, and methodical tools to analyze French public policies. Of course, the sociology of organizations reveals its American inspirations, and the specialists of the Center for the Sociology of Organizations have not hidden it. The sociology of organizations emphasizes the theoretical values of some concepts such as actor, system, power, areas of uncertainty, and rationality of actors, which show a convincing capacity in the analysis of the strategies of the actors within the organizations and in the analysis of the organizations themselves which are the main frameworks of action in modern societies.3- Research leading to cognitive analysis of public policies in France. Here, we should emphasize the founding works of Pierre Muller and Bruno Jobert. The elaboration of concepts such as representation, mediator, and référentiel in their analyses has opened very useful routes for future researchers to know the logic of public policies in France and the possible means of their change, especially since the 1990s. These researches show a certain utility in the analysis of some major turning points in French politics, among which the neoliberal turn made under the presidency of François Mitterrand, however socialist and attached to left-wing values.4- A new direction of research is known by the studies and analyses of researchers such as Gérard Noiriel, Renaud Payre, and Gilles Pollet. They are at the origin of a new approach in the study of social phenomena and actions of public authorities. Gérard Noiriel in a part of his works gives an overview of an approach that is known as the socio-historical approach. Renaud Payre and Gilles Pollet are among the leading researchers who apply this approach in the field of public policy and the actions of public authorities. They reveal the sociological and historical foundations of policies and actions and show precisely how socio-history differs from historical sociology or sociological history. In the field of analysis of public action, socio-history provides useful tools for researchers to deepen their knowledge in areas such as the emergence of new social categories (unemployed, immigrants, etc.), the transfer of knowledge and experience from one country to another, and the establishment of regional entities such as the European Union.In conclusion, we note that we had, throughout the writing of this article, an implicit objective in our mind: Clarifying the efforts made over the decades in France to be able to import a discipline that has proven its innovative abilities in its original cradle. Public policies are now part of the integrated disciplines in Iranian universities and it is of course necessary to know how the scientists of a developed country attached to its independence and originality, France, have worked at the entrance of a new scientific discipline created outside their country to be able to benefit from it for their development and be at the origin of its development in turn. We hope that Iranian academics and scientists will follow the example of their French colleagues, which appears fully promising.

This research intended to obtain a model of factors affecting the formation of general policies for road transportation safety with the help of research conducted in the field of road transportation safety. The type of qualitative research and systematic literature review method. In this regard, 105 articles that had the required validity and quality were deeply examined and based on the open coding method, 350 components were extracted in the form of 114 codes under 27 subcategories (structure) and 6 main categories. The analysis of the findings showed that among these categories, the category of "road safety management" received the most mentions among the reviewed sources, followed by the categories of "safer users" and "safety financial provision". , "Safer road", "Response after an accident", "Safer vehicles" are placed.

According to available reports, people with disabilities include 15% of the world's population. However, this group experiences discriminatory behaviours in many different aspects. Therefore, they must receive special services called rehabilitation services in order to enjoy a high-quality and independent life. On the other hand, all aspects of human life that are somehow affected by the decisions of the government or non-governmental public institutions are relevant to public policy; rehabilitation is no exception to this rule. This study attempts to examine the level of coherence and correlation between policies concerning the rehabilitation of people with disabilities with good governance indicators noticed by several experts in social sciences and policymaking in recent decades, aiming to show that paying attention to these indicators and proper employment of them is a necessary condition for the success of related policies in this area. Using descriptive analysis and library approach, this study first identifies eight indicators for good governance. Then, reviewing the existing literature about the rehabilitation of people with disabilities and with regard to the eight identified indicators, this study attempts to focus on cases where the outcome has proved to be efficient and effective policy-making in the intended field of study. The findings of this article indicate the existence of a link and alignment between the paradigm of good governance and rehabilitation policies for people with disabilities, suggesting that policies based on these eight indicators will be more successful.

Modern governments have complex societies and mechanisms. These societies cannot be managed with immediate, simple and comprehensive decisions. As one of the pillars of modern society, media and social networks play a significant role in optimal and efficient public policy. The influence and manner of connecting media and public policy is one of the new topics in the field of public policy studies. In this article, the impact of mass media as soft actors on public policy was investigated using the library method. The results of this study show that the media plays a positive and negative dual role in policy making. The positive side of establishing and linking public opinion with the government and persuading the majority of people to increase the probability of success of policies, its negative side, especially with the expansion of social networks, the boom of populism and providing false information to the society, and finally creating social barriers against some policies and creating obstacles for The reforms are fundamental.

This article seeks to explain the technical considerations of theorizing in political science and public policy. One of the achievements of this article is its educational aspect and enlightenment regarding the hierarchical, accumulative and generalization aspect of theorizing. The word "theory" in Old French linguistics means a group or a category: “Des Théories d'hommes et de femmes”. Theory is a group of hypotheses that display a coordinated parade like military groups and sometimes support each other's military confrontation. Theory is also a group of propositions that use each other to explain phenomena in a coordinated manner. Another aspect of this article is demonstrating how big data and artificial intelligence can challenge the manner in which researchers develop their theories to explain social phenomena.

Conflict of interest is one of the most important factors that affect the rights of citizens and affect the performance of any institution. The Social Security Organization, as one of the largest institutions with many stakeholders and multiple roles in the society, is not exempt from this. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the policies and factors cause conflicts of interest, providing solutions and a model based on good governance to reduce its effects. The results showed conflict avoidance structure, organizational behavior management, transparency of affairs, dynamics of organizational system, digital transformation, meritocracy, predictability, employee participation, regulations preventing conflicts of interest and accountability are factors that can help to manage conflict of interest and protection of public rights in social security organization. Also, the results of the interpretive structural modeling approach showed that the conflict avoidance structure and conflict prevention regulations are at basic levels, therefore these variables are prioritized by institutions to manage conflict of interest.

In security studies, governments, which are responsible for providing society's need for security, can be considered as important factors that threaten human security. The important characteristics of such governments can include the priority of the interests of the government over the interests and values of the people of the society, the existence of large internal security apparatuses for security-police measures against the citizens of the society. In today's world, the issue of personal security and the threats it faces is of particular importance in security studies. Individual and human security includes various categories from development to peace and dignity in the individual and group dimensions. Today, individual security is examined from different aspects. In the meantime, the government, as an important authority in ensuring the security of the people of the society, can apply serious threats against the people of the society. In other words, it can be said that in security studies, the issue of confrontation and conflict between human security and the interests of the government is a very important issue. Since the 1970s, simultaneously with the expansion of the meaning of security in the world, many experts in the field of security studies have come to the conclusion that the nature of the government, considering its structure, can pose serious threats to individual and human security in the society and from in this sense, in a society, the interests of the government can be opposed to the interests of the citizens of the society.The ruling government in Saudi Arabia is also in a situation similar to the mentioned situation. In the Saudi society, there are serious threats from the government to different individuals and groups of the society. With the implementation of agency changes in the political structure of Saudi Arabia since 2015 and the reforms that have taken place in the cultural and social fields in this country, people have noticed that whether human security in Saudi Arabia has really been taken into consideration by the current government? The findings of the current research show that despite the aforementioned agency changes in the political structure of Saudi Arabia, the role of the government structure and the context in which the current government was formed cannot be ignored in this issue. From this point of view, while examining the structure of the government in Saudi Arabia, the field of research is clarified and the issue of human security and its relationship with the structure of the government are determined, so that through this way, it is possible to examine the issue of human security in this country and examine the role of the government as a structural factor in The threat is heeded. Therefore, the threats against human security in Saudi Arabia by the government, before and after the social and cultural reforms of recent years; will be reviewed. For this purpose, this article seeks to find the answer to the question that how does the structure of the government in Saudi Arabia threaten human security in the society? In this regard, by comparing the conditions before and after the reforms in this country, the question of whether the threat to human security in the Saudi society originates from the structure of the government or the role of the agents who are at the top of the power? According to the conducted studies, the hypothesis of the research has been formulated in such a way that the ruling government in Saudi Arabia with the characteristics of a maximalist government and possessing characteristics such as authoritarianism, profit seeking and the extensive and decisive performance of the influential security apparatus against individuals, personal and human security It has threatened the whole society and thus the category of human security has no meaning for the ruling government in Saudi Arabia and the concept of security only means the security of the state and is summed up in its national and state dimension. The important point is that the reforms of recent years in the social and cultural fields in the Saudi society have not been able to reduce these threats. The findings indicate that Bin Salman's reforms in Saudi Arabia were cultural and superficial reforms, and even during its implementation, the ruling government in this country, due to its maximum nature, as in the past through legislation, public policy and the implementation of its social programs and also from By creating a kind of political disorder caused by the suppression of internal political rivals, it has acted as a de-security factor for the society and human beings and has caused the most important threats to different sections of the society, including elites, critics, immigrants and minorities. Therefore, the nature of the structure of the ruling government in Saudi Arabia can be considered a serious threat to the human security of the Saudi society, regardless of the role of agents in it.Research evidence shows that women in Saudi Arabia are still restricted by Wahhabi rules. As a minority, Shiites are also in the lowest social class, and executions and repression against them have increased. Foreign workers and immigrants, political elites, journalists and civil activists are also in an unfavorable situation due to the repression and restrictions caused by the atmosphere of Ben Salman's rise to power. Therefore, since the applied reforms had only socio-cultural aspects, they were carried out superficially due to the political conditions of Saudi Arabia and were not formulated in the framework of the laws and regulations of this country, and the issue of human security was included in these reforms. therefore, the structure of the government in Saudi Arabia after the reforms is the same as the previous maximum structure, which in nature causes a threat to human security in the society. As a result, it can be acknowledged that removing the threat to human security in a society requires the minimization of the government structure in it, and it requires deep political and civil changes and reforms in the power structure in the country, but in Saudi Arabia after the period of Bin Salman's reforms, the power structure Not only did it not change; Moreover, its authoritarian, police and security components also intensified. Based on this, it can be accepted that human security in Saudi Arabia is still in conflict with the interests of the government and the ruling family, and as long as the government structure in this country is maximal, authoritarian and profit-oriented, human security in the society will be under threat.

Drug trafficking and addiction precede social conditions and system. This phenomenon is also the result of cultural, social, political and economic structures in the international system. This study was conducted to investigate strategies to combat drug trafficking from a public policy perspective. The method of this research is applied research in terms of purpose, Delphi in terms of qualitative method. The number of Delphi specialists in this study is 20 experts in the fight against drug trafficking. The tool of this research was a questionnaire with interviews. Political-legal and socio-cultural solutions are in the next stages. The results showed that the problem of drug trafficking is not only rooted in the existence and transportation of this product (drugs) into the country and to provide the best solutions, other issues and problems of the system should be considered. Among these problems, it is closest to the economic problems of the society.

During the time of Pahlavi' ll she was ordered by the government as a public policy maker in the form of implementing some economic, development of the country. The purpose of these programs is to create the necessary infrastructure in economic, industrial, agricultural, communication and public services fields. In the field of public policy making, Mohammad Reza Shahs decisions led to inefficiency . Therefore, the economic and urban development of the country was achieved in the conditions that the Pahlavi government was taking steps towards consolidating the authority of the foundations of its government .This research aims to draw a kind of individual and sovereign rule on the country's public policymaking process, considering the characteristics of Iran's political society. The analysis and re-examination of these programs makes it clear that the actions of the government have brought public dissatisfaction and consequences. This research deals with the research by using the documentary approach and library studies and using the descriptive-analytical strategy.

This article deals with the place of psychological development in Iran's public policy. The necessity of this issue is because the explanation of a series of psychological factors will determine the reasons for the realization of development policy. The purpose is to explain the indicators of psychological development and in the general policy of development. In the importance of the present discussion, it should be said that value, belief, norm, behavior and rationality play a fundamental role in examining the results of the public policy process in Iran. The question here is what is the place of psychological development in public policy making? The hypothesis states that psychological development by institutionalizing indicators such as value, belief, norm, behavior and rationality in Iran can lead to sustainable development of the country. The theoretical framework, inspired by the theories of psychological renewal, seeks to consolidate the proof of the hypothesis. Therefore, with the help of descriptive and analytical method, the desired indicators have been explained. The results showed that the development of psychological indicators and good governance lead to the realization of general development policies in Iran.

The main purpose of tax policy is to finance governments, but sometimes we see the shortcomings of the tax system in the executive dimension. The pathology of tax policy in Iran indicates that most of the issues in this process are related to the implementation phase. The main question of the forthcoming research is what are the causal factors influencing the weak implementation of tax policies in Iran? Research participants were purposefully selected and data were collected using in-depth interviews with 33 experts. The data of this study have been analyzed using a combined method. The findings indicate that tax disobedience among taxpayers (tax evasion), lack of integrated economic and financial database, lack of access to taxpayers' economic information, multiple and political shifts for tax system managers, multiple regulations, tax directives and contradictions are among the most important causes of weakness in tax policy in Iran.

Participatory governance is one of the successful approaches in the world in the field of governance. Surveys show that providing a participatory governance model following the religious foundations along with the cultural and social issues of the country will help a lot in solving governance challenges. The research purpose is to present a conceptual model of participatory governance in Iran based on the foundation's data analysis. The tool used to collect information in this study was a semi-structured interview that used the opinions of 27 experts in this field. The sampling method was purposeful. After collecting the data, based on the grounded theory method, the concepts are coded openly, centrally, and selectively. With the coding performed, 25 concepts were obtained which were classified into 5 categories: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences and are presented as a model for the central phenomenon of Participatory governance. The findings show factors such as not feeling the need for participatory governance and understanding its benefits, the distance between the elites and the people with the governing institutions and increasing tensions, weakness of collaborative work culture, weakness in reaching understanding and gathering opinions, inadequate understanding of people's behaviors and mental models and the different nature of governance in Islam and the West are the causal conditions of participatory governance. Also, factors such as increasing progress in the country, increasing cohesion in society, increasing justice in society, and increasing productivity in the country are the most important achievements of participatory governance in the country.

The pursuit of happiness has attracted the attention of thinkers and policymakers in recent decades; Because the realization or non-realization of happiness will have various direct effects on people in society. Attention to empirical evidence and statistics of international measures indicates the need for policy in the field of happiness in Iran. the question of the article is what is the policy model suitable for promoting happiness in Iran? To this end, this descriptive analytical research is to analyze the possibility of policy-making on the right to seek happiness and the policy requirements in this area (derived from the policy approaches of successful countries). As a result, the pursuit of happiness is increasingly a useful way to guide and evaluate the effectiveness of public policies, and hence the need to pay attention to the pursuit of happiness by policymakers in the social, economic and environmental contexts. in line with, the logic of public interest and national interests, it seems necessary

In general, the goals set out in the upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of cyberspace have not been achieved as they should have been. The present article raises the main question of why cyberspace policy-making in Iran has failed to achieve the goals set out in the upstream documents? It seeks to explain the causes of these failures from a pathological perspective based on post-developmentalist theory, using the descriptive-explanatory method, which is considered as a qualitative method. The findings of this study indicate that relying on the "institutional model" and then the "group model" in cyberspace policy in Iran, underlies the failure of cyberspace policy in achieving the goals set in this area (including, localization of infrastructure , Production of appropriate internal content, increase of media literacy, etc.); However, cyberspace policy-making based on the "post-developmentalist" approach could achieve the goals set out in the above documents by highlighting the basic and indigenous needs of the country in the field of cyberspace, decentralization and strengthening the participation of people and civic institutions in decision-making and implementation of policies in cyberspace.

Common good as one of the basic concepts in political thought has not been independently explored so far. While this concept, along with concepts such as "public interest, public interest, public policy, public goods and common interests and public good", has formed the basis of most school approaches and debates. In the popular discourse of political science, "Common good" refers to the material, cultural, or institutional possibilities in which members of a community share interests. "Common good" is an important concept in political philosophy and political thought because the role , It is important in philosophical thinking about the public and private dimensions of social life. "Public life" in a political society is thought to involve: the joint effort of members to maintain certain possibilities for the common good. "Private life" involves the pursuit of each member of a distinct set of personal plans. This research is a developmental type and has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner using reliable library sources. Therefore, comparative analysis has been the concept of common good with other related concepts in the approaches of political thought, and for this reason, it has conducted scientific and descriptive research in this regard.

One of the dimensions of Iran's public policy from the perspective of foreign policy is to use the capacities of Islamic countries in the resistance front as a way to reduce the effects of sanctions. Using analytical method, library resources and conducting interviews with expert professors and elites in the field of sanctions and policy-making, this study intends to analyze Iran's general policy-making in the current situation with regard to using the resistance front against US unilateral sanctions. In other words, the purpose of this article is to examine Iran's public policy in the face of unilateral US sanctions. And it wants to answer the question of what is the role of the Resistance Front in Iran's public policy in the face of unilateral US sanctions. Research findings show that Iran has used sanctions as an opportunity In addition to maintaining its position in the West Asian region, it also strengthens it. On the other hand, it uses the opportunities of the Islamic Resistance Front in the face of unilateral US sanctions. the resistance front, including countries such as Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and at the top of them Iran By creating a sanctions club trying to not only to stand up to US sanction, but also, with the support of Iran, both protect the country from the effects of unilateral US sanctions, and enjoy Iranian support. The levels of sanctions in these countries include the governmental level and the non-governmental level.