جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Spragens » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The period after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, as one of the most important periods in the history of Iranian intellectuals' confrontation with modernity, has a new generation of intellectuals who, while having extensive access to and studying historical works, are familiar with deeper layers of Western culture and civilization.This study aims to focus on the thought of one of the most important intellectuals of this period, Shahid Seyyed Morteza Avini, in the form of Spraggens's theory of internal logic and the method of interpretive information analysis, to answer the question of how Avini justified the crisis of political order and what ideal prescription for its exit? The findings show that Avini considers the basic crisis of Islamic society to be the economic and cultural invasion of the West, and in his opinion, this crisis is due to modern Western technology, superficiality and fear of death. Therefore, he prescribes the system based on the Islamic government as an ideal society, and the solutions to return to the principles of the Qur'an and Etrat, Westernization and reformation of the modern educational system as a way out of the crisis

The society and politics of Iran during the Qajar era were sick and its treatment seemed inevitable; Therefore, many saw the solution in a profound and transformative political and social campaign. Due to such a view, the constitutional revolution commenced, which of course failed. As a result of this failure, a discourse called "archaism" was formed. The most prominent founders of it are Aref Qazvini, Mirzadeh Eshghi, Ebrahim Pordavoud, Moshfeq Kazemi, Kazemzadeh Iranshahr, Sadegh Hedayat, and Mahmoud Afshar. In their intellectual and speech acts, they emphasized the proposition that by converting to the ancient utopia, one can give a new soul to the lifeless body of Iran and the past glory of Iran could be revived. Following the many representations of this speech, archaism led to dominate over other discourses in the Pahlavi era and give a new meaning to the Iranians' lifeworld. Since the framework investigation of the "how" of the emergence of this discourse has not been included in the research agenda; Therefore, the current study tries to answer the question, "How did the discourse of post-constitutional archaism emerge?", by using Spragens' theoretical model and "qualitative content analysis" technique.  The findings show that this discourse is the result of the cognitive efforts of intellectuals and emerges from the heart of multi-layered cognitive processes - such as being aware of Iran's instabilities, recognizing their roots, searching for a utopia, and evaluating and selecting liberating solutions.

In this study, the two theories of Hobbes' Absolute State and the State derived from the theory of Absolute Guardianship of faqih are examined by the framework in which the political theories of Thomas Spriggens are examined and understood and relying on the mutual rights of government and citizens. The findings of the article show that apart from the verbal similarity between the two terms absolute government and absolute sovereignty and the existence of some similarities in the necessity of existence and functions of government, there are serious differences both in principles and meanings and in the characteristics and functions of government. The Hobbesian government does not adhere to principles such as popular sovereignty, the rule of law, oversight, and citizen participation in governance, while reflection on the theory of absolute sovereignty shows that it does not contradict the aforementioned principles. This research has been done in an analytical-descriptive way and using library resources.

A significant aspect of political thought and theoretical concept about Ideal Government in Islam, is presented in the form of advices. Siraj al-Muluk by Turtushi is one of these works written in the period of degeneration of Ismaili Fatimid Caliphate in the late 5th and early 6th century AH. The main gole of this article is the presentation of an understanding of Turtushi`s thought about the crisis of degeneration. In other word, the main question of the study is about the reasoning of the political crisis and Turtushi`s advices for making up the ideal government. In this research, the conceptual model of Thomas Spragens in Understanding of Political Theories has been used. The hypothesis is the historical studying of Turtushi`s political thought and his era when he used to think that period of Fatimid`s degeneration is a crisis. His work is coming across Spragens Thought in political understanding of crisis, its reasons, the solutions for passing it and reaching the ideal government. The methodology is content analysis of Siraj al-Muluk in order to compare the most significant concept of this work with Spragens`s model. This research shows that Turtushi used to want reform in order to solve the crisis and reaching an ideal government which has a great deal of virtualism as a policy to have pure statesmen, reform in government, justice in courts and in relationships between classes, and the improvement of clerics in government as advisers for rulers in order to reach high pure in government.

The author of the present paper has attempted to answer this question according to Spragnan's method, whether Attar’s thought and behavior can be pursued in the form of a policy? Therefore, it is believed that Sheikh Faraddin Attar, before everything, has spoken from humans lost and his environment to murder and robbery and to the rulers' irregularities and oppression. (it means that it starts by observing the failures and irregularities) but because observing improbity of the  present situation does not make a remedy for any pain, so roots and causes of the improbity are also addressed. He asks himself if the circumstances are irregular, what its reasons are. Is the root of the problem, general and related to the society, or is it individual? He sees the problem as twofold, and after understanding the problem moves toward the desired and optimal society to determine which society is happy and healthy. Attar attempts to arrive to an optimal society to make a remedy for the contemporary people, which is "painless" with the same human beings, those people who are divided into twelve types of humans in his typology in the form of code and birds symbol.These people should be hurt and reach to self-knowledge in order to be free from painlessness, irresponsibility, unkindness, attachment, extreme obsession, solitude, despair, captive of unstable love and comfort. He wants that obedient and commander beings from the present human beings who have the mentioned characteristics in the symbols. For this reason, it looks for the solution to release from suffer in human being. Although Attar's pain is a mystic pain, not intellectual pain, it means that the pain itself is awareness to achieve and to be united and fading away in God, not the reflection of external pains in awareness; therefore, he advised both commander and people to be hurt to be guided.

Shariatnameh writing as a prescription in Political Jurisprudence has been of particular importance in Islamic political thought. This paper tries to focus on thought of Fadhlollah ibn Ruzbahan Khonji, the last Shariatnameh writer in Middle Ages in the era consolidation of power of Shiite government, Shah Ismail I, Safavid king and the decline of the caliphate. The paper tries to answer this question that what is problem within society in Ruzbahan Khonji thought. And what is the solution of the problem in his thoughts?
Despite the existence of various factors, regarding of theory Spragens crisis in the understanding of political theory, the assumption of this paper is that Ruzbahan Khonji believe that Major crisis of society in 9Th and 10th centuries is because of the development of different sect. Furthermore the kings that came to power in this era were irreligious and they were neglecting to the implementation of Shari in Muslim territories. In his opinion, the reason for this crisis is Lack of religious leader (KHalife or Imam) that its result is not run out the law of God. Thus, the return of the Islamic Caliphate era glory to glory object or return of Imam Made, the ideal community solution the crisis leading of rulers and to familiarize them with the rules of conduct , about the legal and Shari rule. This study is based on documents and data collection and Information System Analysis .

The paper is mainly concerned with proposing a thought-oriented and systematic attitude to political thoughts of Imam Khomeini and application of theory in analysis of political thoughts. The study aims at organizing the stages of knowing the problems, reasons, ideals, and solutions theoretically in Iman Khomeini’s political thought. According to the findings of the study, to Imam Khomeini, the main problems of Iran’s society are internal despotism and external colonialism while intellectual and ideological degenerations of the Muslims are the main reasons in causing these problems. The desirable ideal to remove such problems requires establishment of an Islamic State. Finally, Imam Khomeini declares that the mere solution of establishing Islamic State and dismantling internal despotism and external colonialism is revolution.