جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « conflict of interests » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Geographical location, civilization history, Shiite religion and oil discovery in the last century created a special place for Iran in the world. During the Pahlavi era, with the extensive influence of extra-regional powers, Iran's government became the gendarmerie of the region and a strategic ally of the West led by the United States. With the occurrence of the Islamic revolution, global arrogance, which saw its strategic interests in the region at risk, rose through influence, sanctions, threats, coup d'états, ethnic provocations and finally an imposed war in order to defeat the revolution and restore the previous order. The expansion of the scope of the war also laid the groundwork for more and more roles of trans-regional powers and pressure on Iran to end the war. Therefore, the nature of these roles in the war as well as their reasons will be investigated in this research. One of the best theories that can explain the conditions governing the regional system and the structure of the international system in the conditions of the war between Iraq and Iran after the revolution is the theory of neorealism, which has been used in this research. In this research, the method of referring to historical

Climate change is one of the challenges that threaten human life on the planet, and the EU member states are not exempt from this. The current research aims to answer the question, how has the European Union's policy been to solve the challenge of conflict of interests in the issue of climate change? In response, this hypothesis can be proposed that the European Union has adopted an institutional approach to deal with climate change, based on which policy-making institutions have adopted ambitious policies, considering the risks of climate change and the differences between member states simultaneously. Legislators have provided the necessary legal framework and managed the conflict of interests caused by climate change by trying to balance economic and environmental interests with the support of policymakers. Multi-level governance theory has been used to examine the hypothesis and the intrinsic case studies method is used for its test. The result of this research shows that the European Union has dealt with climate change by creating coordination between different member states and considering the economic conditions of weaker countries.

Regarding pervasiveness of the supervision issue in public law، protection of public confidence to representatives، rule of law، and principle of equality of all citizens before the law، it is obvious that the members of the parliament must be supervised. The importance of methods for supervising the conduct of members of parliament and their roles in effectiveness of the professional supervision represents the necessity of the legislative consideration and necessitates introduction and analysis of the methods. The main question of the article is about methods for supervising the professional conduct of members of parliament. The leading countries in the field use regular and occasional declaration of interests، limiting representatives in reception of revenues from out of parliament as well as methods for nonfinancial supervision such as complaints against violations of code of conduct of representatives، control of interaction between representatives and lobbyists، and attention to status of representatives. Iranian legislature should use these methods with regard to the existing legal culture.

Lack of adequate transparency and uniformity in application of the existing criteria of international arbitration, and existence of conflicting interests in international arbitration, have led the International Bar Association (IBA) to launch a range of practical and substantive recommendations known as “IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest in International Arbitration.” The present paper tries to look into the performance and achievements of the IBA Guidelines, especially when compared to other bodies of arbitration rules and regulations? The paper argues that although the Guidelines are not in tune with other rules of arbitration with respect to certain issues such as imposing restrictions on subjective standard of disclosure, the impact of non-disclosure, and the effect of the investigations on the arbiter’s decision, they can still blaze a new trail which could lead to a higher level of coordination among various procedures of international arbitration.