جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « soft security » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Authority, capability, security and immunity are said to be the essential constituent elements which ensure the survival and continuity of the political system, whose creation and maintenance is dependent on various factors. Drawing upon a descriptive-analytical method, this research seeks to answer the question of what role ‘enjoining good and forbidding evil’ plays in providing power and security for a religious society. The findings of the research show that ‘enjoining good and forbidding evil’ forms one of the bases and foundations of the soft power of the political system in the Islamic society by playing a role in facing the threats of enemies against the cultural foundations of the Islamic society. Through the practice of ‘enjoining good and forbidding evil’, the Islamic society will be alive, alert, invulnerable, hopeful, ready to resist, ready to strike a blow, as a resistant living being; In the light of the strict and extensive implementation of what is good and what is forbidden in all aspects of human life, by making use of the proper methods, one can witness the purest kind of power and soft security and enjoy its countless benefits. Considering the effectiveness of the obligation of enjoining good and forbidding evil, if the religious society and the Islamic government want to remain safe and preserved from social, moral and cultural dangers and harms (which lead to the decline of civilizations), it should make plans to expand the culture of this obligation and try to institutionalize it in all aspects of society.

Due to the changing situation of the environment and countries, today in the security literature, instead of discussing hard and semi-hard power, we talk about soft power. Pro-status quo powers use the above concepts to influence and change target communities in their own interests. Now, the main question is how does the West use the tools of soft power to influence the intellectual-cultural spectrum of religious intellectual elites? Based on the ijtihad method of signification and the conceptual framework of soft power and the relationship between theory and culture; The field of influence in the flow of religious intellectualism can be analyzed and examined from two aspects. First; Presence and education in the West provide the ground for cultural absorption. In this case, the proposed theories will be based on the Islamic cover, instead of being a link between tradition and modernity. Another is that as a result of the trade-off between culture and theory, each culture has produced its own science, and each theory reinforces its own culture. In this case, the use of Western theories to explain and understand religion, completely shakes and even disintegrates the cultural foundation of traditional societies. Provides the West, which can be the most subtle and soft example of influence and a ground for undermining the soft security of the Islamic Republic

Security is one of the most basic human needs, which due to its various dimensions and breadth of concept, has several definitions. This has led to a positive and significant correlation between soft security and the concept of social capital. Social capital includes components such as trust, interaction, participation, satisfaction and social welfare. The spread of rent-seeking and its destructive effect on social capital causes damage to the components of soft security in society. In the present study, two methods have been used to achieve the accuracy of this statement. A: A descriptive method that is based on collecting the views of experts and describing and analyzing these views. B: A survey method that actually counts, categorizes, analyzes and concludes the content reflected in the social network Twitter. Finally, the results obtained from the collected information and statistical data confirm the statement that the expansion of rent-seeking has a negative impact on the soft security components of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

One of the important dimensions of national security is its software dimension, which can be the result of soft power. Meanwhile, due to its soft security features and functions, elections can be a matter of security and one of the factors of security and insecurity. Accordingly, the present article, while defining and explaining the concepts of elections, soft power and soft security through a descriptive-analytical method, using written sources and studies, seeks to answer the question, how and how elections are produced. Does it create security or insecurity ?Findings showed that elections in the atmosphere of soft power and values, legitimacy of the political system, authority and efficiency of government, rule of law, democracy, institutionalized political participation, national cohesion, culture of competition and interaction and political capacity, etc. produce soft security And provides security. On the other hand, elections in the atmosphere of injuries and threats in various constituencies and contexts that can be the result of underlying, individual and behavioral causes and factors, laws and regulations and structure, cause soft threats and create insecurity.

 current research is investigating Social Capital Influence on Islamic Republic Soft security with Intermediate function of Religious Identity.

This research is survey-descriptive which is performed by field method. The Research Statistical population is Mazandaran state people, aged between 15 to 64 years old. Statistical sample is performed by random stratified Sampling method and through cluster division in west, east and central territories, in which 385 people were chosen by Cochran formula as sample. Used tools are standard questionnaire for social capital with 20 items and 2 self-made questionnaires for Religious Identity with 19 items and soft security with 18 items. Research stability has been studied by cronbach’s alpha method and validity studied by face and content validity. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, factor analysis technique and structural equations.

results shows that the path coefficient between social capital and religious identity is 0.61, between social capital and soft security 0.83 and also between religious identity and soft security is 0.52 which indicates effective variable high influence on dependent variables.

soft security as a multi-sect oral category requires recognition of effective dimensions and functions on it, so as a result the country should recognize effective components on soft security for improvement and act for social capitals development and at the same time use country capacities for development of community member's religious identity.

Islamic Republic of Iran’s Security Strategy in Rouhani Administration   Abstract: With the election of Hassan Rouhani the security strategy of the Islamic Republic faced a new transformation. The government faced various global, regional and domestic challenges. These challenges were more connected with globalization, global security, global and regional dimensions of security, regional conflicts. For this reason, the security of the Islamic Republic during the 11th government has been affected by globalization in all aspects of economic, political, cultural (social), such as new security definitions, transatlantic presence and cybernetic security. Rouhani administration pursued the same sustainable regional order by adopting a constructive engagement strategy and the policy of détente, Orientalism, and the fight against extremism. In this regard, various actions include a nuclear accord, a coalition with other countries to eradicate extremist movements such as ISIS, engagement with some groups in neighboring countries, forming a coalition with some powerful regional and global powers such as Russia and Turkey and exploiting the US-Western security gap

Power and security are the key concepts of international relations. Nevertheless, these two concepts can be considered as the most complex concepts of this discipline. This issue, in particular in the light of the dynamism of international politics and the paradigmatic transformation of this science, in both areas of the method and nature, the emergence of numerous non-state actors, the interdependence of economic, political and security of nations and the development of information and communication technology in the era of globalization. Which today is faced with a wide variety of forms and dimensions of power and security and different approaches to explain it. Accordingly, despite the hegemonic approach of realism in international relations, the definition of power and security has been criticized and constricted as force. In this regard, concepts such as soft power, smart power, soft security, security kernel, intelligent defense, and so on appeared. Regarding this issue, the main purpose of the present research is to review the paradigm shift of power and security in the era of globalization of politics and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article attempts to answer the question that what should be the essential components of the Islamic Republic of Iran's security strategy in the age of globalization? By accepting the evolution of the meaning of the concepts of power, security and threat, the authors of this article believe that the lack of attention to the development of these concepts and the pursuit of national security strategies based on the traditional definition of power, security and threat, Will not provide the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the era of the globalization.

Revolution in ICT (Information & Communication Technology)، which itself should be analyzed in wider context of Globalization، has affected transformation of several concepts in Politics، specially “Power” and “Security”. Main analyses concern about globalization and Specially ICT revolution as the main factor influencing Security & power، believe that modern concepts and theories about security (sate-centric approach to security which is named “hard security in the article)، no longer could answer properly important questions about: “security reference”، “security target”، “essence of threats” and “geography of threats”. Accordingly، this article is going to investigate theoretically some impacts of ICT and its main emergences especially Meta territorial digital media such as Internet on security in era of Globalization (which is named “hard security in the article soft security). Therefore، the main concern of the article is to indicate theoretically some impacts of revolution in Information & Communication Technology which in some texts is named Third Industrial Revolution، on evolution of concept and application of security (that is transition from hard security to soft security) and emergence of fourth wave of security studies which theoretically has itself some huge consequences on citizens relation with government، in the fourth decade of Islamic Revolution of Iran. Hence، the main hypothesis of the article is that: ICT revolution has affected: “security reference”، “security target” and “geography of threats” in favor of citizens and even in contrast with national sovereignty which potential regards as an threat against IRI. The main result of this text is that some phenomena such as skills in manage Collective Action، increasing mental and social demands in society، transition from reference of national sovereignty to reference of transnational and sub national sovereignty are some dominant examples of emergence of soft security issues which would affect security of Islamic system of Iran in fourth decade of Islamic Revolution.

The central core of international relations is more than just considering security and methods to access it through international actors, war, threatening to war, and defending approaches against it. So the war issue and its different forms affected international atmosphere and the concept of “security”, so security is influenced by different forms of war between governments. The main question in this article is that what kinds of consequences the change in classic view to war into a more software like approach has in the discourse of security. This article hypothesizes that the changes in war from hard to soft, caused a change of view in security, from a classic view to the soft security view, and made a great change in the concept of security.This movement seems necessary considering the logic of soft wars. The decrease in militaristic approach in modern wars widens the scope of security threats. Providing security in political, economic and socio-cultural areas is necessary now. Considering the soft security against soft threats is really important. In this research we used the referential method with analytical approach to answer research questions.

With domination of soft discussion to security of governors, first the nature of concepts such as power, security threats, and the relationship between them is changing And secondly, partnership, trust and loyalty of the people to the government and in a single word, social capital played an important role in national security and counter security threats has also increased the amount of powerful countries. In this regard, security and power is people oriented. Thus, social capital may serve as a link between the three components of strength, security and threatening. So the main question of this paper is how to create link between these three factors. To answer this question, the communication pattern between the three components has been designed. So first we can Use social capital as a shared resource for all three concepts, and then with appropriate indicators of social capital and establish smooth relationship between the terms. This election is also about communication, especially in schools. Method of this paper is descriptive - analytical study of practices through the compilation of library documents.

The concept of soft war has been more and more referred to in the statements made by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, where he referred to university instructors and scholars as commanders who are involved in countering the enemy’s soft war. Economic soft war is a most important aspect of the soft war which has been less considered in the literature of soft war, despite being increasingly relevant and focused by enemies. The present research has been conducted with the aim of understanding the nature and objectives of economic soft war, and introducing the capacities and constraints involved in managing the scene thereof, using the questionnaire tool, and answering the research questions using statistical methods- descriptive and inferential. The results of this research have been described by focusing on the principles of preventive crisis management in the economic soft war at three levels, namely institutional, instrumental and cognitive-human in domestic and external dimensions for each of the three areas- namely people (public opinion), elites, government and governmental authorities. The research results indicate that the economic soft war can be considered as interchangeable with the undermining or collapse of values, beliefs, and behavioral models of an economy whose objectives can be categorized in the form of values and production models; values and consumption patterns; and values and the economic managementpattern including the formal and informal structure of the country’s economy. Finally, the results of the research recognize 51 parameters as capacity, and 33 ones as constraints, summarizing how they are used in explaining the conceptual strategy and model of the subject under study.

Unequal economic and social development, the amount of economic benefits gained by the center and periphery have had, and still have, bad effects on social life, economic security, and the deprived regions. So, as a part of the efforts to restore these backwarded regions, the idea of construction Basij has been set forth by the Supreme Leader as one of the strategies of eradicating poverty, which can be examined through three aspects: namely contributing to the just distribution of facilities in deprived regions and winning collaboration, leading the young force and the general voluntary services, and finally influencing the development of the infrastructures of the sustainable security. This article has been written with the aim of “analyzing and explaining the activities and actions made by Construction Basij in contributing to sustainable security” with a descriptive-analytical method. The results show that, the activities conducted in generating jobs, construction, health and treatments, education, natural resources and agriculture, culture and environment have proved efficient in facilitating and enabling the process of sustainable development, and supporting the deprived classes of the society. In this process, Basij has been able to provide a comprehensive and total security by presenting a viable picture of the Islamic System in meeting the primary needs of the deprived regions, fighting poverty and deprivation, winning public collaboration, improving the social satisfaction, promoting the social capital, producing power and soft security at national level. The author believes that the development of the scope of activities made by the Construction Basij as a national strategy can realize the missions given for guarding the revolution and bridging the gaps which the Islamic system is to face by winning public collaboration and cooperation, while underpinning the infrastructures of sustainable development (in different dimensions, namely social, cultural, economic, political, psychological, physical, national, and local).

The National Security Law indicates set of standards and norms governing the definition of the aspects, objectives, reference, necessaries and reproachable frameworks and eventually the rights and responsibilities of government and the people in this relationship as well as how to ensuring the observance of these frameworks. The major concern of this field give expression to way of legalization of national security and its definition, implementation and defense under the existing standards. Since ago two centuries, states tended towards formulating single or multiple sets of “national security act (code)” and their approval in the legislatures. Today the description and interpretation of the relationship between law (statute law) and national security in its broadest sense -by itself- is interdisciplinary approach and framework. In order to offer further understanding of our country institutions and bodies, the research explains its main bases.

If the main arguments on soft war involve bringing transformation in societies with an emphasis on changing attitudes and viewpoints held by people and those who govern, then such a war will display a new series of actions and reactions on the part of states to dominate different countries, since domination is developed by definitions of power, where power is defined as the ability to concentrate, organize and conduct behavior. Soft war is a war short of bloodshed which is based on cultural and social alternatives, for in such a process the invading countries will avail themselves of intimidation and cultural and social crises to impose their power as well as culture on the target community by bringing a humiliating shock to bear on it. In such a war, cultural beliefs and sacred ways of societies are attacked where the West culture or what is called the American style of life is imposed on peoples via various ways. In reality, instead of military operations, this war sets out to engineer the cultural and social crises for the target society so as to destabilize and disarticulate the individuals’ mental perception of the norms, and of the values held by the individuals and their societies, and to make them easily accept any incoming belief. Generally, this war tries to promote the Western prevailing culture, and prevent the growth of powerful and original cultures like the Islamic culture. Gradual transformation, subversion and destabilization are the main objectives of soft war that enemies and those who organize this war endeavor to achieve through propaganda and media. This writing addresses the concept, objectives, incentives, methods, and the cultural and social means of soft war.

Soft discourse was introduced in the final decade of the twentieth century and new horizons were born in understanding and explaining the strategic issues, particularly in International Studies. The concept of soft security has risen from the heart of this discourse and refers to a kind of security that protects the actors against such harms and risks in an intangible way.Present article mentions different ways for soft security concept to become operational in Iranian society and looks for a strategy that can protect the society and government against each other's threats in a soft way in Islamic Republic framework. So, the author believes that what can help this important strategy to operate at internal security level and prefers soft security to hard security to maintain the Islamic Republic is the reproduction of Islamic Republic discourse to face different challenges and environmental crisis in discourse fields, abstract fields and social practice domain.

The subject – matter of soft power nowadays attracts attention of many countries, of researchers in IR and security studies and of practitioners to it. It yields for discussing security from soft dimension of it. Because it doesn’t subordinate to power and its focus on internationally perspective here is mentioning the security as an independently concept and externally/internally one. Soft security would be different, identify with and supplement of hard one in philological apprising, it does epistemologically definite in four paths in reducing appeal to use of force and removing pretext economic instrument for sanctions and punishments, being well situated for legitimating hard security and being attractive and the last section from the ontologically it comprises dimensions and spheres.

The main question of this article is about the soft threat Components. Author has tried to review the literature related to the topic or focus on three regions: North-West Russia, the European Union and African countries to describe soft threat components. The comparative study of these areas shows three essential features for soft threat and security: First, it focuses on topics that earlier were discussed only in sociology, urban management, and service society. Second, it intends to identify, strengthen and use social capital and finally, it tries to resolve actual or mental concerns of society. More subtle point is that although we speak of the society's soft security, the ultimate beneficiary is the government that will try to organize national relations and exchanges after providing social order.