جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "استعمال دخانیات" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Given the escalating prevalence of hazardous behaviors among students, the critical nature of adolescence, and the susceptibility of adolescents to stressful situations, the current study sought to investigate the underlying causes of such behaviors.With regard to its objective, this study can be classified as applied research; in terms of time frame, it is cross-sectional; and in terms of methodology, it is qualitative. A purposeful sampling method was employed to select 57 second-grade pupils from secondary schools in the five regions of educationin Tabriz city, who comprise the statistical population of the study. To ensure the validity of the research, triangulation, continuous and long-term engagement, data control by a subset of participants, and consensus-building among members of the research team during the coding and analysis phases, as well as comprehensive presentation of findings, were implemented. The data were obtained via semi-structured interviews and subsequently subjected to coding and analysis in accordance with Strauss and Corbin’s systematic coding procedures, which consisted of three stages: open, axial, and selective.The underlying causes of students' hazardous behaviors, according to the analysis of the data, are psychological, familial, social, cultural, and educational-related factors.A multitude of factors and circumstances—individual, social, cultural, economic, and educational—significantly contribute to the development and proliferation of hazardous behaviors among students. Implementing a variety of educational programs at the micro and macro levels, in addition to short-term, medium-term, and long-term strategies, are necessary to reduce each issue.

One of the characteristics of Iranian society is cultural diversity, thus it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of intercultural communication and try to identify factors affecting it. In fact, In fact, cultural and ethnic diversity is effective in the occurrence of certain behaviors and general people's lifestyles according to background variables such as gender, and Socioeconomic status. Therefore, this study seeks to determine how social interactions based on habit and cultural background in the fields of practice (reference groups), combined with various methods of educating and informing, affect smoking and control it among adolescents. This is descriptive-survey research in terms of survey type and was conducted in 2020. It involved 319 school-going adolescents in Varamin County, Tehran, Iran (aged 16-18 years) who completed a self-administered anonymous questionnaire on the use of tobacco products. After completing the questionnaires, the data were analyzed, using relative frequency, frequency percentage, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kendall’s, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and the chi-square test. The findings show that contextual factors, dominant culture based on ethnicity, peer groups, and family gatherings all have a direct and significant influence on smoking proclivity. Social networks and peer groups were also more effective than mass media and schools in informing individuals about smoking’s risks.

Many people die each year due to smoking. Social pressures, such as peer pressure, which are manifested in one's interactions with his/her peers, are from very effective factors in people's tendency to smoke. In this research, it was attempted to study and analyze peer pressure in smoking and its impact on some of the welfare indicators including mortality number due to starvation, wealth average of agents and Gini coefficient using agent-based modeling and simulation. The research used agent-based modeling and simulation method and also used library studies. Using the NetLogo software and the basic models and considering other requirements, a model was developed and some experiments were performed. Findings of the experiments showed that in both situations; absence of peer pressure in smoking and presence of peer pressure in smoking, by increasing number of smoker agents in society, mortality number due to starvation and average of Gini coefficient increase and wealth average of agents decreases. Findings of the experiments in the situation of absence of peer pressure in smoking indicate a richer society in comparison with the situation of presence of peer pressure in smoking. Consequently, increasing the number of smoker agents in society can lead to decrease social welfare. Also, presence of peer pressure in smoking can lead to decrease wealth average and increase mortality number due to starvation of agents. Therefore, in order to properly and principally deal with peer pressure for smoking and preventing the consequence resulting from it, it is necessary to study more about this problem and to employ appropriate and effective encounter strategies for it.

The aim of this study was to investigate the social factors related to smoking among students of Kharazmi University. By observing the evidence and being inspired by the theoretical foundations of some related sociological theories, this issue or notion was tested. The research method in this study was survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The sample size was 400 people which was determined by multi-stage cluster sampling method from the statistical population of the study, ie all students of Kharazmi University. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software for descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Inference was made due to the strength and simplicity of the explanation based on logistic regression. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between contextual variables (field of study, gender, etc.) with the tendency to smoke. Also, there is a relationship between problems and tensions in the family and personal life of a person, deprivation and dissatisfaction with life, social conditions and inappropriate environment, socio-cultural abnormalities, mismatch and coordination of goals and methods to achieve goals in society, with smoking. There is meaning. In general, based on the findings of the present study and its comparison with the findings of other studies conducted in the past decade, there should be further research and education to better understand and help students and young people not to enter the field of smoking and reduce Smoking should be done among those who have entered this field.

Nowadays, smoking is one of the main social issues. According to statistics declared by Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Centre of University Medical Sciences, more than 5 million people in all over the world and 40000 smokers in Iran lose their lives just for cigarettes, annually. Daily tobacco use in Iran costs about 50 billion riyals. Therefore, study on smoking and its negative effects and the way to prevent and combat against this phenomenon, seem so necessary. Giving more knowledge about harmful effects of tobacco by TV advertisements, is one of these ways. In this article, the researchers carried out deep interviews with a group of elites including 13 experts, explaining improvement in audience awareness, TV advertisements and their strengths and weaknesses. The results of these interviews indicate that TV programmers and producers should have more consideration on related programs and advertisements, requiring more interaction among ministry of Health, Cure and Medical Education and IRIB.

Use of radio as an instrument to teach to different social group has a long history in many countries of the world, but according to researches conducted in Iran, the educational capacities of radio have not been seriously applied not in formal education nor in informal one. Considering the social, economic and cultural situations of Iran, the main purpose of this research is to explain the necessity of establishment of an educational radio channel in Iran and to design optimal patterns of programming in above mentioned radio channel. The theoretical framework of the research is based on Lasswell and Daniel Lerner’s theories.
By the qualitative research method, the data gathered by the documentary study and semi- structured interview with 8 experts.
The findings show in a country like Iran with a wide geographical territory, great number of rural communities, various cultures and problems such as lack of access to educational services and facilities, establishment of an educational radio channel becomes an urgent need. Considering the easy accessibility and widespread coverage of radio, this media can play an efficient role as an educational instrument in efficiency of formal education and can also improve awareness level of people, facilitate and expedite the development process, deploy the educational justice and properly meet the training needs of various social strata by informal education.