جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اسکان عشایر" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

In this research, we seek to study the social, cultural, economic, and social trends of the Torkashvand tribe in the contemporary history of Iran. The method of research is ethnographic and the study population is Torkashvand tribe. Data collection techniques in this research are based on interview, observation, map and diagram and data are analyzed based on three stages: data division and organization, interpretation and reporting. The findings show that: 1. Torkashvand consisted of 6 tribes (Rahmat, Suleiman, Gorgeh, Merashu, Melijan, Mirazi) and the nomadic territory of this tribe from the north is to Alvand mountains of Hamedan, from the east to Boroujerd and Khorramabad from the west to Qasr Shirin, Gilangharb and Ilam and from the south to Dasht Abbas and Khuzestan. 3. Government bankrupts the tribes by the land reform program and importing frozen meat and live cattle from other countries bankrupts. In addition. The need for simple labor due to the development of factories, assemblies and assembly industries along with urban attractions provided the settlement of a part of Torkashvand tribe in Kangavar city. 2. The settlement of nomads during the Reza Shah period, a number of tribes were forced to settle for two years in areas such as Hamedan, Kangavar, Sahneh and Mahidasht, after a while, and especially with the fall of the first Pahlavi, they returned to Nomadism. 4. After 1957, the government, by controlling imports, led to a resurgence of animal husbandry and the continuation of nomadism among some members of the tribe. The stabilization of urban life and its increasing attractiveness, the monogamy of the Turkashvand tribe also continued.

The Change in the Social and Political Structure of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad tribes during Pahlavi dynasty are affected by social and political changes of country, while these changes have mutually affected social and political development in Iran. In this article, the main purpose is to study the socio-political structure of the Lor tribes of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in the era of the Pahlavi dynasty. In the study both historical and sociological methods have been used simultaneously. The policy of tribes’ settlement (Takht-e Qapoo), the enactment of the military service law, the disarmament of the tribes, and the implementation of the uniform cover policy, as well as land reform, are the four main pillars of the tribal policy of the Pahlavi dynasty, which led to fundamental political, social and structural changes of the power pyramid of the tribes. Prior to these changes, the Kadkhodas were completely subordinate to Khans, while government programs led to weakening of Khans power. This disrupted the traditional tribal structure and power pyramid of tribes. The changes in structure of the tribal system, led to increase of government’s monitoring and control. The political and social structure of the tribes of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad enabled them to withstand the pressure of the central government until the end of the third decade of the 20th century.

Before the collapse of their social and political organization, resident Lur tribes in south-west of Iran had a remarkable role in national production and keeping and preservation of frontiers. Regarding population and area of residence, bakhtiary and Bahmaei tribes are among major ethnic groups in this part of Iran. Though performing forced habitation and settlement of tribes in Pahlavi era imported terrible strikes on these tribes, but the process of changing the system of stratification and the structure and ethnic pertinence and the geography of their residence has gone on so far as a continued process. This study which is carried out by the historic sociological approach and historic analytical method, tries to examine and analyze the stratification system of the resident people of Izeh and Ramhormoz counties and the recent transformations of the mentioned tribes who are living in these regions. The findings of this study is based on interviews, participatory observations and documentary views, indicates that the inclination to settle the tribes in the cities of Ramhormoz and Izeh is significantly under the influence of cultural tendencies of the ethnic group. Familial relations in the tribe, clan, and gens units have internalized traditional norms that have become loosened with the passage of time but still remained stable.

Treatment of contemporary Centralized governments with nomads is not based on the developmental perspective but mainly on political one.The changes in tribal community of Iran within the recent decades caused settlement and permutation of these communities, cultural changes; cultural transposition, cultural conflicts and the elimination of subcultures by settled nomads are sensible and obvious. Issues such as abandonment of ancient culture,for getting of cultural traditions and cultural effects, and replacing of the culture of sedentary people are among main effect of settlement of nomads. This paper aims to examine the cultural reflections of settled Nomads in Kohgilouyeh and Boyerahmad Province and variations of these nomads before and after the settlement in Pakūh, Mansūrābād and Kalāghneshīn in Kohgilouyeh and Boyerahmad Province. The method of research applied in this study is based on the descriptive-analytical methods that examine the dimensions of language and literature, art, media, religion and customs and tribal and kinship system. Statistical society shows that Nomads settled down in three villages of Kalāghneshīn, Pakūh, Mansūrābād. Sample society includes 80 households.Based on the findings of this study, the settled Nomads have changed their values and cultural beliefs and of the inhabitants of the said places.Despite therelative improvement in access and the use ofcultural factors - especially the media -many of the past values, beliefs and cultural aspects have been abandoned and replaced due to sedentary living, with urban and rural cultures. Nomads who settle down near the villages or urban centers, have access to more cultural services and in result their own culture is forgotten and replaced by new ones, these cultural changes are prominent among these nomads. Considering the fact that these cultural, traditional and beliefs change among nomad’s communities, it is necessary to pay special attention to these communities in order to maintain and strengthen of cultures and subcultures and revival of traditional culture in these areas.