جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تمایلات فرزندآوری » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Parallel to reduction in women’s childbearing desires and ideals, demand for using contraceptive methods increase. This paper aims to study of the prevalence of contraceptive use and its determinants among currently married women aged 15-49 living in urban and rural areas of Ilam district. Data are taken from a survey conducted on a sample of over 724 households in July 2014. The sampling method is a combination of multi-stage cluster sampling, random sampling and systematic random sampling methods. Results show that contraceptive use is widespread among women in rural and urban area. 81.8 percent of women in both rural and urban area use a contraceptive method. The use of modern contraceptive methods are more common among urban women than their counterparts in rural area (75.7 percent vs 70.7 percent). Multivariate analysis show that the number of children surviving and costs of contraception (18.8 percent), and the ideal number of children, the number of children surviving, and the costs of contraception (36.7 percent) are the main determinants of women’s risk of contraceptive use in urban and rural area respectively. According to findings it is reasonable to conclude that regarding widespread use of contraceptives and decreasing women’s childbearing desires and ideals, increasing costs of access to contraceptives and sociocultural costs of contraceptive use may lead to unintended pregnancies, induced abortion and maternal health threats.

This article examines patterns and determinants associated with childbearing desires and specifically focus on religious dimensions. Although in our society, religious considerations strongly influence life and personal and social behaviour in various aspects such as childbearing desires, few studies have been conducted in this area. This lack of study is more visible with regard to comparative studies between two groups of Shia and Sunni. Therefore, this article presents research-based and experience-based evidence to explore some of the most important patterns and determinants associated with relationships between childbearing desires and religious affiliation focusing on a comparative study between Shias and Sunnis.
This article is based on a survey conducted in rural and urban areas of Bojnord and Gonbad-Kavous. Applying Cochran’s sampling techniques and multistage cluster sampling method 870 males and females aged 15 years old and over participated in this study. Two different samples were chosen to facilitate more accurate investigation of research questions. In other words, the religious groups of this study lived in economically and socially different societies. Therefore, comparing the childbearing desires of each religious group of the two sample groups provided accurate investigation of the research question, that is, whether the patterns associated with childbearing desires are affected by socioeconomic status of religious groups or they are affected by their religious affiliation. Data were analysed using SPSS.
Findings: ‘two child’ families were recognized as the most prominent and desirable pattern of childbearing in both Shia and Sunni groups.Similar patterns associated with other determinants of childbearing desires (such as marriage patterns, birth increase policies and gender preference) were also observed. On the contrary, preferred fertility patterns of "childlessness" and "one-child” were not acceptable to and common in both religious groups. Comparative findings emphasized the importance of the effects of the demographic variables, such as gender and place of living on childbearing desires.
Although there are important differences in childbearing desires between religious groups, the findings of the present study are consistent with theories of Kaufman and Skirbekk (2012) which state that religious affiliation plays a secondary role in explaining patterns of childbearing.

This article presents research-based evidence to examine patterns and determinants associated with childbearing desires in Iran. The sample includes 2878 people aged 15 and above living in the rural and urban areas of Ahvaz, Babolsar, Bojnord, Gonbad Kavos, Mahmoudabad and Hamadan. Generally speaking, the research findings indicate an increasing generational gap in childbearing desires. While such patterns as childlessness and one-child model are not accepted, the two-child model is the most visible pattern of childbearing desire. The findings support the gender convergence suggesting that men and women share close childbearing desires. However, childbearing desires vary substantially by attitudes towards gender roles.

Any successful development and implementation of population policy in the field of fertility, is based on promotion of understanding and knowledge of the factors that affect women's fertility desires. The aim of this paper is to study and explain the childbearing desires of Sunni and Shia married Kurdish women in the range of reproductive age, living in rural areas of Kamyaran.Data were taken from the Kamyaran Fertility Survey (KFS) conducted on a sample of over 500 households in August 2014. Results showed that more childbearing desire is low among both religious groups. However, childbearing desires of Sunni women is a little more than Shia women. Among women who wished to have more children, a large proportion of them in both religious groups have stated that want to have one child more. This proportion among Sunni women (66.4%) is more than Shia counterparts (62%). The multivariate analysis showed that a combination of cultural, socio-economic and demographic characteristics have determinant and significant role in predicting the risk of women’s childbearing of both religious groups. Based on these results, government’s programs and policies to prevent the continuing of fertility decline or promoting it to replacement level should be in line with the demands and interests of women and families. Otherwise, the policies will face resistance and ultimately likely to fail.

This article presents research-based evidence to examine the patterns and determinants associated with childbearing and gender preference. According to the literature review, gender preference has crucial demographic consequences such as high fertility, unwanted pregnancy, and maternal mortality. The literature review also indicates the fact that gender preference still remains as a key determinant of fertility in many societies throughout the world. The results of this analysis are based on a survey conducted in rural and urban areas of Neka in Mazandaran Province of Iran. The survey includes a sample of 743 married women aged 15-49 years old. Generally speaking, the results of this analysis clearly show a tendency towards 'son preference' in our research site. The results also indicate that childbearing tendency is closely associated with age, duration of marriage, current fertility level, and the desired gender composition of children. Finally, such attitudinal determinants as attitudes towards gender roles and child value play significant role in childbearing tendency and gender preference.

Over the past few decades, major demographic changes have taken place in Iran and fertility has fallen unprecedentedly, so that today the fertility rate in many parts of the country is less than the necessary level for replacement of generations. Undoubtedly, any planning and plan of action to prevent further decline of fertility among families, needs to study of women's childbearing desires and it’s determinants in different areas in Iran. The aim of this paper is to study of childbearing desires of Kurdish women in the city of Mahabad. Data collected by the survey conducted among 700 households in April 2012 in the city of Mahabad. The results indicate that the 61.4 percent of women are wants to stop childbearing. Study of women’s childbearing desires according to their children surviving shows that 39.3 percent of women without a child or with one child, 77.7 percent with two or three children, and 86 percent who have more than three children may not want to have another child. Bivariate analysis showed that there are significant differences in childbearing intentions among women by different socioeconomic, demographic and cultural characteristics. Results of multivariate analysis indicate the fact that the cultural characteristics alone may not be crucial in predicting the probability of not wanting to childbearing. In fact, a combination of socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural characteristics gives a better explanation of women childbearing desires. Based on these findings, it should be said that in adopting the new population policy, pronatalist policies should be focused mainly on married women without any children or have one child.