جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دوره باستان » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

This article tries to answer the question, which historical period is the origin of national identity in Iran? In response, the article believes that the origin of national identity in Iran should be sought in the ancient period. In fact, due to the historical antiquity of Iran, signs of the existence of national identity can be sought from ancient period. Unlike many European and non-European countries that were found after the 15th century, the country of Iran had its own political existence and coherence, borders, history and culture, as well as the institution of the government and the phenomenon of the nation, since ancient period. At this historical moment, apart from the Seleucids who had Greek-Macedonian roots, the Medes, Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanids ruled, and one of the important things inherited from their governance was the sense of national identity among the members of Iranian society. In general, it can be said that the people of Iran had a historical, cultural and territorial awareness of their country in ancient period. In other words, the inhabitants of Iran in ancient era considered themselves Iranians and belonging to the geography of the land called Iran or Iranshahr, and they had knowledge about its formative elements, and this knowledge had created a national identity among them. The important point is that this national consciousness was transferred from the ancient period to the next period of Iranian history.

The bureaucratic system of Iran, dating back at least two and a half thousand years, inherits elements and characteristics that have undergone many metamorphoses and changes throughout their history, and many of these elements of the New Jubilee have been significantly influenced by factors and factors. The political, social, cultural and economic developments and processes have been of their time (in every historical period). This article aims to identify the features and changes of the Iranian bureaucratic system from the beginning to the end of antiquity (first phase of research), by using a qualitative structuralism method, to examine and explain the factors borrowing and deterring the bureaucratic institution in political, social, economic and cultural dimensions. The first organized administrative structure that can be used to explain the concept of bureaucracy has its roots in the Achaemenid dynasty, and especially in the reign of Darius I. Then during the Seleucid and Parthian period, the same method continued in the affairs of the state. Bureaucracy in the Sassanid era attains wider size and dimensions, becoming a dominant system of control and administration of the Imperial Territory, and finds coherent and normative formulation. The Patrimonial system, at the beginning of the Medieval period, had the particular role in the early formation of the bureaucratic institution in Iran; Find out. In the Achaemenid and Sassanid periods, the structural expansion and institutional power of Iranian bureaucracy increased to such an extent that it became a global model of the day.

The big Khorasan enjoys the ancient historic background in the history of Iran. By the study of written sources in the field of this territory before and after Islamic period, the place and special importance of this land in Iran history and the neighboring nations can be discovered. One of these reliable sources is the Shahnameh Ferdowsi. By the study of this magnificent work, the manner of the circumstances of Khorasan in the ancient times will be found and the past records of this territory will be manifested more clearly to us. It is said in Shahnameh-e Khorasan that in the historic and legendary periods, the Khorasan-e Shahnameh is the ancient Khorasan and the past narratives. The Khorasan in Shahnameh is the Khorasan of epic and myths that has been resistant and firm against the Turan. The history of this land has always been the scene of contentions and struggles from invading tribes and they has been called as Turanian and in many times the Iranian battles with this permanent enemies has been portrait in Shahnameh. It is very natural that as the consequences of this conflicts in some periods of time, replacements and interchanges in lines and borderlines has been occurred. This paper attempts to study the circumstance of Ferdowsi’s recitals from Khorasan and the mentioned cities in Shahnameh and by examination of these cities, the situation of Khorasan in different periods from the mythological and ancient times to the Islamic era can be investigated.