جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عربستان سعودی" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Feminism is a school of thought that has been found to restore the oppressed rights of women and establish equity with and sometimes supremacy over men. After its pervasion in Western countries, the phenomenon slipped through such Muslim nations as Saudi Arabia. In her novel "Ontha al-Aankaboot" (Female Spider), Qumasha al-Ayan, a Saudi Arabian author, addresses women's problems and the challenges facing feministic movements in her country. Using a descriptive-analytic method, this study aims to firstly investigate the differences between the social structures of western and Islamic countries regarding feminist approaches and secondly to demonstrate the obstacles against the advancement of the feminist movement in Saudi Arabia to discuss social problems women face in that society with emphasis on the afore-mentioned novel. As the study results show, the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent need for women's workforce induced feministic feelings in Western countries. In contrast, such feelings have not found the opportunity to develop in Islamic nations, specifically in Saudi Arabia, since there is not only a fundamental conflict between Islam and feminism but also the normalization of patriarchy in these countries. Moreover, the male-oriented interpretation of laws in some Arab Muslim countries has limited women in different areas.

With the increasing use of new communication technologies, public opinion management tools have also undergone fundamental changes; both in terms of method and theoretical foundations, there have been developments in the field of public opinion management that double the need to review and develop the theoretical literature of the past. What is now being referred to as a new way of managing public opinion in recent years, and especially after the 2016 US election, is the issue of "social manipulation". The authors believe that Iran is one of the countries that is exposed to hostile social manipulation by regional and supra-regional powers due to its special communication position. To this end, with the framework of hostile social manipulation, the cyber actions of Saudi Arabia against the Islamic Republic of Iran have been studied. For the present study, more than 900,000 data related to Iran in Arabic were extracted by Twitter from the social network Twitter until 2021 & 2022 years; Then, using the network analysis method, the activity of Saudi users has been specially studied. The results of the study show that Saudi Arabia, with its hostile social manipulation techniques, especially by investing in cyber tools, seeks to discredit, destabilize, weaken, and sometimes promote specific groups and institutions that are important to the country's competitive power.

One of the Saudi government's ongoing approaches to controlling the Islamic Republic of Iran from within is to exploit cyberspace and establish satellite TV channels and other media to reach the Iranian people. At the same time, the Islamic Republic of Iran has made less effort to address the Saudi people and elites and to improve their attitude towards Iran and its policies and actions, which are influenced by the media policies of the Saudi rulers. Based on the present article, it tries to answer the main question that if the Islamic Republic of Iran wants to activate its public diplomacy against Saudi Arabia, what strategies can it adopt to improve the attitude of the Saudi people and elites towards Iran. Due to the exploratory nature of the article, no hypothesis has been considered in answering this question. Qualitative data obtained from library resources and interviews were coded using MAXQDA 2020 software and the basis for preparing a questionnaire; Findings from the distribution of the questionnaire among the statistical sample were subjected to appropriate statistical tests with two softwares: SMART-PLS and SPSS. The use of expert opinion has been validated. Apart from trying to highlight the strengths of Iran's domestic politics for the Saudi audience, one of the important strategies designed is to try to repair the attitude of the Saudi people and experts towards the Iranian support for Palestine and the cause of the liberation of Jerusalem.

The Qatari diplomatic crisis in 2017, which led to the four-year siege of Qatar, has been one of the most important political crises in the West Asian region in the last decade and has had many effects and consequences. The present study seeks to identify the role of new media in this crisis. The authors of this study using descriptive-explanatory method have concluded that due to the decisive role of new media in today's world, the diplomatic crisis in Qatar is no exception to this important variable and new media including various news agencies, satellite news networks and Virtual networks have been influential as an important stimulus in the various stages of this diplomatic crisis, from the beginning, escalation to reduction of the crisis and the beginning of reconciliation between the parties. Indeed, the new media has been one of the factors influencing the crisis, so that with the onset of the crisis and the escalation of the media war and conflict between Saudi Arabia and Qatar; Relations between the parties have become acute and intensified, and on the other hand, this factor has been effective in reducing the conflict between the parties and the beginning of reconciliation, so that with the beginning of the reconciliation process, media conflict between the parties decreased and in crisis management, various news agencies Public opinion in the region and the world paved the way for the resumption of political and economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Qatar.

The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are the two major andinfluential powers in the Persian Gulf region, so that the nature of theirrelations has a great impact on the course of developments in the region.Relations between the two countries have been strained in recentyears, especially after the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Therivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia has had implications for thesecurity of the Persian Gulf region and the Middle East, and has led tothe formation of friendship and enmity models and efforts to increaseinfluence in this critical region of the international system. Therefore,the future of relations between the two countries in the Persian Gulf regionand its impact on regional security is an important issue. The mostimportant causes of tension in Riyadh-Tehran relations are the hegemonicstructure of the international system and the consequent model forglobal restraining order , the position of the Persian Gulf region in theinternational system as a scale-free regional network, and US interventionin the region. The Persian Gulf region, as a scale-free regional network,is governed by a special regional deterrence system based on theworld order model. In this region, the United States, as an interveningpower, uses unilateral deterrence against Iran and in support of SaudiArabia, and Iran uses network and triangular deterrence to increase itspower in the region and confront Saudi Arabia. As a result, the future ofIran-Saudi relations has always been tense, but the two powers will notengage in direct and military warfare.

In recent years, Saudi Arabia, as one of the influential countries in the region of Southwest Asia, has started a lot of activities in the field of cyber; Saudi Arabia is taking advantage of this space to compete with its regional rivals, such as the Islamic Republic of Iran. One of the most important areas of this confrontation was the riots in Iran in January 2017, in which the dimensions of transnational interventions were not very clear at the beginning. But after a while, the dimensions of other countries' involvement in these events became clear and led us to examine the role of one of the important countries in this field. In other words, this study seeks to discover the general principles of Saudi cyber diplomacy during the protests against the Islamic Republic of Iran in January 1996.This study intends to investigate Saudi Arabia's cyber diplomacy towards Iran using a qualitative method and using the theme analysis method. The research community in this study is the tweets sent by important Saudi institutions and users in January 1996. For this research, more than 2000 tweets were selected and reviewed. After starting the coding process according to the standards of content analysis method, more than 180 basic themes, 17 organizing themes and finally 5 comprehensive themes were obtained, which in fact are the themes that form the main axes of Saudi cyber diplomacy; the results of this study show that emphasis on ethnic and regional divergences, the violation of the activism of the regions of Iran, the destruction of the performance of the Revolutionary Guards and the destruction of the type of ruling system in Iran, The main pillars of Saudi cyber diplomacy against the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Syrian crisis, rather than being the result of internal political and social factors, was caused by the competition of important regional and international powers, which made it a battleground for a political settlement. In this regard, there are two outstanding regional actors, namely Israel and Saudi Arabia, whose policy toward the developments in Syria has been very important in terms of their specific impacts on the political-security equations of the region, as well as the interests and security of IRI. In a comparative context, the present article seeks to answer the main question of what policy Israel and Saudi Arabia has adopted regarding the Syrian crisis over the period 2011-2016. In response, the hypothesis raised that Israel and Saudi Arabia, despite their shared goal for weakening Syria as a country of the Axis of Resistance, had a contradictory approach to the future of the Syrian regime, how to intervene in it, and support for the terrorists. By applying the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism and adopting a comparative-hypothesis research strategy and a comparative-explanatory research method, this paper aims to answer the main question and test the respective hypothesis.

Qatar diplomatic crisis, in the long run, does not necessarily mean instability and an intensification of the cycle of disorder and insecurity in the region but is mainly a challenge to US regional goals and interests. The main question of the present article is “why and how the Qatar diplomatic crisis could weaken US strategic plans in the Persian Gulf?” The research hypothesis is that “the Qatar diplomatic crisis can hinder the fulfillment of Washington’s low-cost regional policies of offshore balancing and removal of responsibility by creating gaps in the Gulf Cooperation Council, and thus weaken US strategic plans in the region. This research is descriptive-analytical and has used explanatory methodology. The research findings confirm the above hypothesis. The research results also highlight the possibility of improving the long-term goals and interests of Iran during the Qatar diplomatic crisis.

The issue of existential security has been a major concern for Saudi Arabia since the formation of this regime. And due to the high profile of the role of transnational identities and the lack of development and maturity of the national government in the region, using this issue as a pretext by any of the powerful powers of the region, in particular, Egypt, Iraq and Iran could create a serious challenge to the country’s existential identity. According to Stefan Walt’s threat balance theory, Saudi Arabia is geographically located with these three countries, which remains a permanent element. The three countries also have significant military capabilities to adopt an aggressive approach. Based on war indicators such as the powerful army and diverse and advanced military weapons, and also objective examples such as resorting to war such as the war between the two regional powers of Iraq and Iran, or Egypt’s multiple engagement in the war on Israel , have the potential to start a war. In terms of hostile intentions, these three countries, at different intervals and in different stages, explicitly or implicitly as viewed by Saudi leaders, have declared their hostile intentions against its government, especially as these ideals are revealed in the ideological context of Pan Arabism by Egypt and Iraq and pan Islamism by Islamic republic of Iran, the feeling of threat to the Saudi family became doubled. The main question of the current study is that; how these continuing security threats affect the security of the Saudi family. And it was hypothesized that the Saudi family uses the trick of security against oil through its alliance with the United States to maintain its security. As a result, the United States is committed to protecting the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from any foreign threat. The research method in this study is explanatory and the data was collected using library and internet resources

Donald Trump visit to Saudi Arabia, Riyadh meeting, instead of resolving conflicts and provide appropriate solutions to resolve regional issues, practically had backfired and led to intensify political conflicts between Qatar and Saudi Arabia . Although there is a common identity, political and religious dimension between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, historically, relations between two countries are based on mutual distrust.In this article, the authors seek to answer this questions what are most important reasons led to political break with Qatar and Saudi Arabia? In the following, what is the feedback of this rupture on the region and the axis of resistance? Finally, what is the most important economic and political opportunities for Iran from this important gap? This article utilizes the theory of social change and descriptive analysis and use of library resources is intended to study the subject. The research findings show that despite the territorial and historical disputes, Three factors such as promoting Muslim Brotherhood form Qatar, full support from Al Jazeera network and its ambitions relations with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, full support from the Al-Jazeera and tendency to Iran's are the main reasons for the break political ties to Saudi Arabia and Qatar.

Gaps and internal crises is one of the most important factors threatening the security of political systems. This general rule is mostly true in the Middle East because countries in this region have not gone through the entire process building nation-states. One of the most influential countries in the Middle East is Saudi Arabia that because of its political system and also the history of the formation and the development of the country cannot be an exception to this general rule. The Saudi government security threats can be influenced by social and political divisions within the country, including: "The gap between the ruling elites," "gap between the government and the middle class," "gender gap", "generation gap" and " especially religious gap between the neo-fundamentalists and Saudi Wahhabism ". This study using cross-sectional approach aimed to examine the impact of the emergence of ISIS on the social and political divisions of Saudi Arabia and security threats due to this problem. The results of this study indicate that despite the importance of the difference between the Saudi princes, growing middle class and increasing women's awareness;.But the emergence of the ISIS had little impact on these gaps and so they do not pose a serious threat to the security of the country. In contrast, the main threat to the Al Saud regime, especially as a result of these developments, is a large number of unemployed youth population, yet the firm bases of religious fundamentalism in this county.

Dandarāwiyya was one of the many orders which derived from Idrisi tradition, and after the death of Ahmad Ibn IdrisFāsi has spread across the Islamic world in various forms. In the present paper, the author intends to show that although the hostility of Wahhabis towards Qādiriyya Sufism was quite undeniable, some orders such as Dandarāwiyya survived and continued their activities in Hejaz after Saudi conquest. In fact, he is after answering to this question that why Dandarāwiyya was only able to continue its activities after Saudi government took control of Hejaz. One of the issues highlighted by the author in this article is that the understanding of Wahhabism based on the sequence of events which led to the conquest of Hejaz by Saudi troops in the 1920s and 1930s is a little different from what happened in the realm of thought. Before having a look at the specific features of Ahmadiyya order, he explains about the Sufism condition in Saudi Arabia, and the way Abd Al-Aziz treated it. Hence, he is also going to speak of the relationship between the House of Saudi and Wahhabi religious establishment.

Saudi Arabia & United endowed with a lot of oil resources and potential cultural status quo operated among the Arabic countries ,thereby that country counted as one of cutting edge player in the Middle East scene, consequently it plays crucial role in view point of USA as a partner, meanwhile the extensive range of petrodollars earned to be allocated to the modern armament and military equipment procurement via USA, thus that outcomes brought about close and comprehensive military and security cooperation but both countries suffer from a gap due to political , ideological and cultural challenges in spite of eminent interests arisen by their close relationships within the last few decades as well. The scenario of Iran hegemony and Shiite dominancy in the region including some domestic oppositions it pushes Saudi Arabia to the flank of USA , on the contrary the nuclear agreement concluded between Iran and 5 negotiators , the case forced Saudi Arabia to assume independent policy as a gist , it means that country reviews other alternatives to retain as an ally with exclusion of the USA ,but it seems that strategy may hardly distort the course of relationship with the USA & Saudi Arabia for the short period. The current paper studies the security & strategic relationship between Saudi Arabia & United States of America by application descriptive – analytic methodology in order to define the agility and influence of concerning relationship to reinforce and sustain the security objectives of the both countries , initially the paper stresses to provide a definition of security term ,then to focus on the theoretical perspectives so as to develop the issue ,indeed it define the relationship of both countries by demonstration of the Middle East Changes, finally to reach mainly a logic conclusion.