جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فرهنگ جنسیتی" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

In the Iranian family sociology, the dominant approach is based on this general idea that the family is the center of patriarchy. Based on this view, women at home are in subjugation and under male dominance. To support this idea, a lot of researches have been conducted in recent years. However, the present study does not seek to identify the patterns of female subjugation; rather it is in the process to identify the patterns of their resistance to male dominance within the home. As such, the study seeks to answer the question as how women use "culture" as a tool of resistance as well as to change the balance of power in the family. In this regard, 36 married women were interviewed. Findings showed that women use the strategies such as "struggle for meaning", "reverse decoding", "resistance to gender stereotypes", "resistance through tradition" and "appearance of obedience but hidden resistance within family" to resist the male dominance. Through these, they try to control male power in the home and balance it accordingly. Various resistance strategies indicate that women’s “resistance sources" in the family are numerous, which take place in different domains and in different ways.

Literature is one of the most important tools for understanding the culture and type of thinking of any society, and among all literary genres, the novel has the most connection with society and real life. Female writers have also chosen the novel to write about various aspects of their lives and genders from the beginning. This article examines issues related to women in the novels of Iranian women writers in the 70's, 80's and 90's with the method of content analysis and reveals the impact of social and cultural developments of each decade on the content of novels. For this reason, two novels have been selected from each decade, and the results of studies show that social and cultural developments have a great impact on the views of women writers inpaying attention to the characters and female themes of novels And the evolution of the content of the novels is in line with the evolution of society and is affected by it. In the novels of the seventies, male domination and violence are more prominent, and women do not have much power and status. The female characters of the novels of the eighties also have almost the same conditions as in the previous decade, and the discussion of identification in this decade is very important. But womenin nineties novels, have achieved independence and freedom of action. They are active in society, and have different concerns and demands.

During recent decades, many changes have occurred in textbooks.The present study reviews evolutions in gender culture with a focus on three periods of changes in the Persian textbooks of primary schools. To this end, apparent and hidden contents of Persian language textbooks of three academic years of 1979, 1984 and 2003 were studied in an inductive approach and using the method of qualitative contents analysis. Categories related to the questions raised in this study were extracted through three techniques including open, axial, and selectivecoding. Related codes were also counted using a quantitative technique. Results show that the atmosphere, roles, entertainments, and emotions became gender-oriented throughout the three periods. Moreover, social acceptance of gender roles by the parents was observed in the first two periods and gender-orientation of children’s independence was observed only in the last period. The analysis showed that in the three periods under question, a gender-based identity was reflected, but in the last period, this issue was slighter.In other words, in some cases, the difference between the two genders was slightly decreased.

Divorced women are one of the most vulnerable groups of people in society. This is not only because of negative aspects of divorce, but also because of gendered discriminative view toward their position after divorce. Therefore this study by applying qualitative approach and Grounded theory method and by using semi-structured qualitative interview technique with 18 divorced women in Tehran which got divorced more than one year, discovering the barriers of gendered culture toward post- divorce women’s social interactions and also the women’s strategies to deal with these barriers and finally the consequences of this problem in divorced women’s life. The finding show that discriminative gendered culture results the intensity of obstacles and pressures on divorced women’s social interactions in different ways, barriers which challenge their post-divorce life adjustment. These obstacles include blaming women, restricting their marriage opportunities, an objective view toward divorced women and limiting their occupation and new location. On the one hand women using different strategies to deal with these barriers such as hiding their divorce, efforts to social enhancement in other areas, remarriage and entering to new relationships, selecting converged interactive networks and avoiding non-converged interactive networks. This is while applying discriminative attitudes can result creating the consequences like decreasing social contribution and reduction of women’s social capital, declining their quality of life, increasing the feelings of social insecurity, relative deprivation, stigma, social exclusion and also increasing the likelihood of women’s engaging in social deviants and obliquities. The negative effects which not only engaged divorced women but also their children, friends and finally the whole of the society and also weaken family institution.