جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مقاومت" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Nomadic women play a vital role in the economic and social spheres of their communities, contributing to sustainable development through their indigenous knowledge. Despite facing significant challenges such as deprivation of welfare and healthcare, they exhibit considerable agency. This study challenges the perception that agency is exclusive to modern societies by demonstrating that nomadic women exercise their influence both overtly and covertly. Through a qualitative approach and thematic analysis of interviews with 17 women from Chah-Gholamali, two main themes (realized agency and resistance as hidden agency), four sub-themes (marital life management, persuasion power, decision-making agency, and facilitating agency), 10 concepts, and 115 meaningful phrases were identified. "Realized agency" refers to agency that is visibly observable. In the case of "facilitating agency," women do not hold a decisive role but act as facilitators. Findings show that while these women often hold decisive roles in family decisions, they also maintain the symbolic authority of men. The study highlights the complex and varied ways nomadic women experience and exert agency within their family structures.

Smuggling goods has long been one of the important social issues in parts of  Iran, and a lot of studies have been conducted on this issue. So far, pathological view has been the most common perspective in these studies. Never the less, this viewpoint could not lead us to a deep-rooted understanding of the issue. Instead, examining the lived experiences of the real people who has been involved in such a profession would be a better way for an in-depth understanding of the problem.  By Using hermeneutical phenomenology and narrative interviews with 15 Shooti drivers of Baneh, we have attempted to analyze their lived experience. The most important themes, based on narratives, are the context of emergence of goods smuggling, dangers of the job, the strategies of encountering these dangers, and the last but not the least, understanding smuggling.  The research reveals that context and situation prepare them to start the job, and factors like, enormous profits, disproportion of crime and punishment, low probability of being arrested, and availability of resistance strategies explain the continuation of the practice. From another perspective the profession could be understood as resistance against inequal structures. Shooti’s resistance may be divided into passive and active.  Passive resistance refers to those shooties who leave smuggling when they find a desirable job.  Active resistance refers to the behavior of those shootis who love this job because of the identity the job gives them as a man who resists and struggles against a discriminating society. These group of shooties don’t leave their job even when they find other job opportunities. The second group are more frequent among shooti drivers. This kind of resistance is against both regional inequality as well as legitimate ways with which people become successful in the today’s life.

"Development" and terms such as unstable development, unbalanced development, underdeveloped, under development, etc. are widely used concepts in analyzing the conditions of non-western societies such as Iran and comparing them with developed societies. What is considered as certain and natural in these analyses is the necessity of the realization of "development", in such a way that it seems impossible to imagine another form of reality. The development and its indicators have become not only the point of support for many evaluations about policies and states but also a dominant criterion for judgment about non-Western people and society. Nevertheless, "development" is historical like any other social phenomenon, and its correct understanding requires adopting an approach that pays attention to this aspect. "Genealogy" as a theoretical-methodological approach studies social phenomena such as development in their historical process. This article is contemplation about the capabilities that this approach provides for "development studies".

To achieve this purpose, the participation of Foucaultian genealogy, post-development and post-colonial studies of development (which are influenced by Foucault), Foucault's analysis of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, and some considerations have been used to provide an optimized version of genealogy for use in "development studies".

According to this approach, the correct method in “social science” is genealogical historiography, because the existence of every social phenomenon is a historical construction. Rejecting the assumption of continuity does not mean denying the existence of any type of continuity in history, but rather it is a methodological tact. Genealogy implies a fundamental critique of modernity, because it does not consider it emancipatory. This analytical approach allows the researcher to criticize dominant narratives about “Development”. The formulation of the problem is one of the most important possibilities of genealogy for development studies. Genealogy begins its analysis with a question in the present. Therefore, the genealogical problem of development is a question of the “present”. Analyzing the descent of the idea and practice of development is not in search of a single origin. Success in this search, while paying attention to the special history of each land, requires tracing the reflection of the descent of the global development discourse, its elements, and social forces in the society that is being studied. Genealogical studies of development, while applying the concept of “Discourse”, sees a connection between representation procedures (discursive practices) and material procedures (non-discursive practices) of development, pay attention to individual and collective agency, and do not seek homogenization, theorizing and extreme generalization.Genealogy traces power relations involved in the construction of meanings, because power is one of the factors in the historical construction of identities. While criticizing the “juridico-discursive” model of power, Foucault forms a network for the analysis of power relations by proposing the concept of “governmentality” in which the state can be examined. In this analytical framework, attention is also paid to subjectivity and individual freedom. The emergence of this subjectivity in Foucault's analysis of the Iranian Islamic Revolution is resounding. Genealogy provides the possibility of understanding how the idea and practice of development are formed by analyzing power relations in different forms and levels; from examining development projects as a means of exercising power to power relations between developed societies and non-western societies. In the analytics of power, the resistance is also analyzed at the same time. In the version of genealogy presented in this article, attention is paid to the impact of contingency events on discursive and non-discursive practices; with the explanation that at any historical period, a specific event that cannot be predicted based on the existing discourse order may create different historical conditions.The relationship between power, knowledge, and discourse is the domain of Foucault's genealogy. Because of the relationship between power and knowledge, the analysis should include “institutions, regulatory decisions, laws, administrative measures” in addition to texts. This approach provides the possibility of analyzing the practical mechanisms of development discourse such as professionalization and institutionalization. By deconstructing planning, genealogy reveals the effects of power and knowledge in the spread of development. The genealogical analysis in terms of the relationship between knowledge, power, and discourse shows how the development discourse constructs the non-Western world as a subject of knowledge and what kind of interventions are organized based on this. Genealogy also pays attention to resistance or marginal discourses. In terms of methodology, “resistance analysis” is a necessity for “power analysis”. According to Foucault's analysis of the Islamic Revolution, the genealogy of development in contemporary Iran adopts a special theoretical approach regarding the relationship between this revolution and Western development. Finally, it is possible to present and think of alternatives.

The genealogical approach with its conceptual toolbox, can contribute to our knowledge of the topic by highlighting aspects of the idea and practice of development so far unnoticed. Genealogical research can show that if the idea and practice of development had other forms, what discursive and non-discursive practices were involved in these changes? The genealogist, by criticizing of present, questions the “natural” and “definite” form of the existing phenomenon and presents a new picture of it. Genealogy can defamiliarize the “development discourse” in the non-western world. Genealogical studies of development have the possibility of realizing a set of exploratory, descriptive, understanding, and evaluation objectives. The possibility of adopting a post-colonial approach is one of the critical capacities of this type of study. The application of genealogy in development studies can sometimes be implemented with all its components, sometimes parts of it can be considered as an independent study. Genealogy has significant capacities for “development studies”; but being satisfied with a single theoretical approach as a sufficient explanation of the complexity of the subject under study is reductionistic.

The idea of ​​the Islamic revolution, by proposing concepts such as resistance in the regional arena and expanding it in the theoretical field of international relations, in criticizing arrogance and the domination system, presents a message based on changing the existing oppressive international structures and explaining the desired order. On the other hand, in the fourth debate on the knowledge of international relations, there are several approaches that emphasize the change of international relations and take a critical direction against the current situation. Among these, we can mention the "Frankfurt critical school" with the topics of culture industry, hegemony, liberation, etc. Considering the need to develop theoretical knowledge, the aim of this research was "a comparative study of anti-domination ideas and strategies in the Islamic Revolution and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School". Based on this, the main question has been proposed as follows: "What are the points of commonality and difference between the Islamic Revolution and Frankfurt's critical theory in the design of anti-dominion ideas and strategies?"The present research was carried out in a descriptive and analytical manner, relying on library information, and using a comparative approach to compare the components extracted from the aforementioned two theories, this hypothesis was presented: "The idea of ​​the Islamic Revolution in delegitimizing domination and drawing a just and moral horizon in The international level has approaches similar to critical theory; But with the difference in meta-theoretical foundations and the nature of theorizing, this thought enters multi-level operational action, moral appeal, internal strength, multilateralist balance, resistance and deterrence against the system with multiple actors and different tools with the strategy of negating oppression and realizing a just international peace system. Also, due to the civilizational attitude in the Islamic revolution, the desired order based on divine socialization has serious differences with the international moral system in critical theory.

Resistance, in Shia political jurisprudence, modeled after the uprising of Imam Hossein (AS), is considered an active strategy in facing obstacles and threats, and its application in the Islamic Revolution of Iran had at least two major and fundamental results one in the victory of the revolution and Its successes in various fields and the development of discursive and strategic power in the region and the world, by creating a transnational alliance, called "Resistance Axis", with the aim of confronting the oppression and exploitation of hegemonic powers.With these events, the important security schools of the world, like the realist tradition, were challenged. From this point of view, explaining the dimensions and angles of resistance as a theoretical framework, especially in comparison with other prominent security schools, is an inevitable necessity, as it has caused a change in the balance of power as in hard and semi-hard campaigns;In the field of science and theoretical foundations of security and soft power, it can replace other strategies and theories and gain the persuasion and consensus of elites and politicians on its superiority. In this research, library method was used to collect data and descriptive-explanatory method was used for analysis.

Through the political developments in Lebanon and the emergence of resistance in the south of this country, unprecedented opportunities have arisen in the field of cooperation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Lebanese resistance in various dimensions, especially in the field of culture. Along with the existing opportunities, there are also threats from Iran's enemies and the Lebanese resistance, which can be turned into opportunities by adopting new approaches in the fields of cooperation between these two actors. The main goal of this research is to provide strategies to develop and deepen relations between Iran and Lebanon's resistance in the field of culture and help foreign policy institutions. Library and document research methods for data collection, and the SWOT method with a descriptive and analytical approach were used for data analysis. Based on the findings, the Islamic Republic of Iran is facing challenges in its interaction and cooperation with the Lebanese Hezbollah movement, while the two actors have significant opportunities to develop and strengthen their relations. Therefore, by turning these strengths into opportunities, it is possible to develop and strengthen the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Lebanese resistance. One of the notable strengths is the coordinated leadership of Seyed Hassan Nasrallah with the leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the solidarity between the Shiites of the two countries, which can lead to the promotion of Shiite identity and the culture of resistance against the Hebrew axis.

Among the manifestations of language as a strong instrument of mind, literature has an outstanding agency due to its stylistic, semantics and emotional capacities. Also, Islamic revolution has laid the theoretical and intellectual groundwork for the interaction of the literature which resulted in reflection of its assumptions, values, expectations and ideology through a fine language. Among these instances is the resistance poetry which has resulted in perception and internalization of the culture. Despite these capacities, a comprehensive study which encapsulate this ideational atmosphere and enjoys policy and cultural management potentials is not carried out. Thus, the current research is an attempt to employ a new mixed design and cognitive poetics to develop a validated model of the variables involved in the construct of resistance culture in revolutionary poetry. Findings from structural equation modeling in SPSS revealed that in the cognitive model of resistance culture in the revolutionary poetry four components of ontology, epistemology, anthropology and methodology are involved which entail 17 different variable with acceptable factor loading value. Also, findings from structural interpretation in MicMac showed that these variables are categorized into strategic, regulatory, bi-dimensional, critical, risk and target groups with distinct strategic potential for cultural management, and cultural policy making.

The realization of development in all its dimensions in general and the achievement of social welfare in particular, depend on the extensive support and participation of social actors. The realization of participation depends on the creation of the necessary infrastructure and the necessary spaces. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the subjectivity of school students in the field of social participation. Gaining such an understanding of the basic requirements of policy-making focuses on development and social welfare and ultimately social participation. 

Methods and Data: 

To achieve the desired goal, researchers have conducted a field study of high schools in Isfahan using two techniques of critical content analysis and a variety of in-depth interviewing techniques. The critical approach to educational policy focuses on issues such as social reproduction in the educational policy process. In-depth interview techniques such as problem-oriented, narrative and episodic interviews and participatory observation have also been used to collect information from the research field. 

School is the continuation of the ruling order and the revolutionary discourse based on social participation in the power in Iranian schools has slowly given way to the discourse of success in which there is basically no place for participation. 

Letters, rules, teachers' living conditions and school privatization, school management, teachers, teachers, physical space, school time, and even media space are subsumed under the concept of school space, students towards individuality This study has further removed any participatory indicators such as empathy, self-sacrifice and trust from the school environment.

 Key Message: 

The education system space is becoming de-participative and the participatory and empathic elements have been replaced with discourse of success. In this article, it has shown that how the educational system is defined under the discourse of success.

Practical action to combat‎oppression requires knowledgeable and powerful leaders. Qassem‎Soleimani was one of the most successful figures in leading the resistance in the international arena, and the continuation of the path of resistance requires the existence of such people. The purpose of this study was to theorize the leadership model of Martyr Soleimani from the command of the resistance to the formation of the Soleimani school. The statistical population of the study consisted of the views of ruling experts about Martyr Soleimani. Data were analyzed by theme analysis technique. According to the order of Imam Ali (AS); "And only with the words that God speaks about the worthy in the languages of His servants can we realize their worth", and because ofthe citation of accepted theoretical and empirical foundations and adherence to the scientific method in writing, this research claims the validity of texts and methods. Has a review. In addition, following the scientific method, as well as a reasonable, logical and believable narrative of the research model, is a proof of the reliability of the research. Research has shown that Martyr Soleimani, instead of trying to make his followers loyal to him, made them loyal to a world committed to human values; Instead of making his followers dependent on himself, he encouraged them to be self-confident; Instead of attaching them to external rewards, he guided their inner motives and, as a leader, worked so sincerely to establish a school that ensured continuity at three levels: individual, structural, and cultural.

In Iran, when we look at girls with hijab, we usually think that they are more or less the same and that chador is their most important characteristic. It's as though wearing a chador conjures up more similarities than differences. But over the last few years ،we are gradually witnessing the emergence of a new generation of hijabers. They're trying to make a fashionable hijab. They use elegant accessories ،make-up ،use branded bags ،shoes and glasses. They believe in matching these things. We saw these "stylish hijabers" as a sign of a new generation emerging and named them "3 In 1 generation". Fourteen of those girls were interviewed in this study. The results of the research show that there is a mandatory chador among the hijabers and not all have chosen the chador at their own discretion. Girls who are compelled to wear chadors resist this imposition in a variety of ways ،for instance ،wearing an open front chador is one of those. Also ،some of the "stylish hijabers" try to correct the society's view of "chadors" by connecting fashion and hijab ،and also by wearing branded clothes and accessories. In the 3 in 1 generation there exists a confrontation between "us" against "the other" but not towards misveiled women (based on the official discourse) but towards veiled women ،considered as tasteless and petrified by this group. This study confirms the role of hijab fashion bloggers along with fashion and lifestyle pages on Instagram in the lives of these girls

In order to have an accurate and intelligent analysis on every country’s cinema, religious and political typologies and schools of thought recognition is of a great interest. This research aims to recognize active Japanese movements in governance, thought, culture, media and also the animation produced by companies affiliate to the movements. In the research, regarding to the defects on new formalistic methodology and criticism level, a special method called “techno- rational”, which is calassified as one of the qualitative methodologies, has been used to achive a deeper understanding of aesthetics and media and social effects of the animation. Going beyond merely attention to the form, in this method, social, religious, thought and political backgrounds have been studied and also rational effects of animation on human sublimation or decline has been assessed. Finally, some “Resistance Movement” in Japanese animation production has been recognized and introduced and an animation called “Grave of the Fireflies” has been explored a case study on the animation. As a result, we can see Grave of the Fireflies, could be classified as one of the greatest animations in what so called resistance movement. This animation was successful to show American cruelties on Japanese nation in the World War II.

The consumption of rap music among youth is a prevalent phenomenon. It is a main component of their leisure time and an important part of their subcultural lifestyle. This study attempts to investigate the way of subcultural consumption of rap music among high school students in Hamedan in a qualitative way. Subjects were selected using purposive sampling and were interviewed through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis shows that the subcultural consumption of rap music can be attributed to six main themes: Expression of emotions and excitement, communication, self-expression, entertainment, daydreaming and avoidance of limitations, and resistance to the Big Other. The first three themes imply that students consume this genre to find some kind of positive redemption and to try to create meanings and possibilities in their private and public lives. The second three themes, however, signify a kind of negative emancipation, that is, an emancipation from the restrictions and constraints that existing symbolic spaces impose on students’ everyday lives. Music consumption here is a means of avoiding rigid rituals and resisting restrictions. It can be concluded that the consumption of rap music is an everyday practice that results from a kind of gap between the ideal and the real lifeworld of students.

The present study seeks to investigate the resistance towards accepting the official norms of the Iranian society among students of Tehran Azad University. The study is applied research in terms of the research objective and a descriptive study in terms of research path. The statistical population includes all students of Azad University, Central Tehran branch, among whom 384 people were selected as the sample through systematic random sampling and answered the researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was made up of 77 items. The raw data obtained from the research questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS26 software, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results of the independent t-test indicated that gender influences the resistance towards accepting the norms of society, and men are more resistant to accepting the norms compared to women. Results of one-way ANOVA revealed that various age groups perform differently in terms of accepting the norms, and older people are less inclined to resist the norms. It was also found that academic degree plays no part in the acceptance of or resistance towards the norms of the community; however, it was revealed from the indicators that those with lower academic degrees are more resistant towards accepting family rules and norms, and have a higher tendency to take part in nightly parties and gatherings. It was also found in the description of means that the level of participants' disregard for the rules of the society in terms of tendency to participate in nightly parties and gatherings was low. On the other hand, it was revealed that participants had a moderate level of disregard for the rules and norms of the society in terms of friendship and relationship with the opposite sex and the rules on clothing. Overall, the resistance towards the norms of the society was revealed to be low.

The present study based on constructivism approach intends to discover and review the economic consequences of the oil and gas industry regarding the local beneficiaries’ attitudes. In this qualitative study,the data collection procedure has been done through in-depth interviews and the grounded theory method has been put in practice to analyze the collected data.19 rural governors of the central District of Sarakhs city have been interviewed .respecting a theoretical and purposeful sampling method and consequently the collected data were eventually coded and analyzed in the form of 27 fundamental categories and one core category.The research results indicate that according to the interpretations and experiences originated in the local actors’ (rural governors) minds, the oil and gas industry of this region has had various economic consequences.On the one hand, components such as lack of social mobility, lack of bargaining power, profiteering of companies, corporate influence and authority have provided the necessary causal conditions for the formation of a dual economic structure (core / periphery-based) in the oil and gas industry.On the other hand, regional discrimination has facilitated and strengthened the adoption of a non-indigenous approach, social inequality, and lack of oversight of these dual conditions(interfering factors). In the context of corporate privatization (contextual conditions), local governors react to this dual economic structure through two strategies; resistance (protest) and passivity (acceptance).The present study findings indicate that several economic consequences such as the emergence of new classes of people, labor exploitation, conflict of interest, identity conflict, temporary workforce, etc., have arisen in the areas of oil and gas industry.In such a circumstance, actors and the local community have either adapted and converged with the existing dual structure or have been led to incompatibility and divergence.