جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کیهان شناسی" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

I formulate my research question as "Is the claim of naturalists justified that the discussion of the "possibility of meaningful life" is dependent on scientific achievements, especially modern physics?". In this regard, two concepts are distinguished from each other: one is "the meaning of the life of Humans (homo sapiens)" in the universe (in short, "the meaning of life") and the other is "meaning in the life of any specific human" (in short, "meaning in life"). Then, based on the two mentioned concepts, the two corresponding challenges, which the naturalists have raised for the purposefulness of the world and the meaning of human life, are described and investigated: the first issue is related to the findings and models of modern cosmology regarding the history and destiny of the universe, and the second issue is related to the determinism/indeterminism controversy in physics, especially quantum mechanics. In this article, the claim of naturalists to deny the possiility of meaning of life (the first concept) is examined and criticized in detail, then it is shown that, contrary to the claim of naturalists, the defense of the possibility of meaning in life (the second concept) in no way requires the indeterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics and its extension to the macroscopic world. While criticizing and rejecting negative approaches to the issue of meaning in life in the deterministic world, positive approaches in this regard are described and examined.

In order to perceive healing experiences in healing rituals, it is necessary to fully understand and comprehend the worldview of the believers, which is possible through the cosmological study of the healing rituals and beliefs. Cosmology is considered to be the conception of the nature and action of the universe, which determines the exact position of mankind and other creatures within the world system. Healers can utilize cosmology as a guide for themselves in order to determine their position, the inhabitants of the tribe, and the forces that assist them in the healing process in the relevant rituals. This study has used the anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski’s needs theory and its method is based on field, documentary, and analytical studies. Regarding the field studies, some major examples of healing rituals in Iran related to Ahle-Hawa and believers of the winds in Hormozgan and Khuzestan provinces Such as Zār, Nobān, and Mashāyekh rituals have been observed directly, as well as conducting interviews with local organizers and informants. Regarding the documentary studies, numerous books, papers, and subject-related documentaries in Persian and Latin have been reviewed. In conclusion, by comparing traditional Iranian and African cosmology as the ideology of similar rituals in the field of treatment and therapy in their respective cultures, and also by looking at the Shamanic ideology and techniques, two different types of interpretation - scientific and ideological- regarding disease and treatment have been studied and analyzed. It is probable that more desirable results for the treatment of some diseases can be achieved through utilizing these two interpretations simultaneously.

This paper is a review on the book: Plato’s Cosmology and Its Ethical Dimensions by Gabriela Roxana Carone. She begins her research by centralizing on Timaeus, Philebus, Statesman and Laws, and by assuming that Plato’s cosmology, in these dialogues, provides him with new foundation for his ethical theory which lacks the shortcomings of his medium works. Carone also attempts to resolve the anaphoric conflicts that some interpreters observe in these dialogues, and the conflicts between dialogues entirely. Despite the book is comprehensive in discussing the problems, providing references, presenting intellectual reasoning and although it is precise in the analysis of premises, there are some problems left unanswered by Carone: Is it necessary to understand Plato by studying his works comprehensively, consistently, and without any conflicts? Also Does the understanding of Plato’s cosmology depend on studying its historical backgrounds? Carone has written this book as a Platonist rather than as an impartial researcher and interpreter.

The issue of fine tuning in contemporary cosmology seems to need explanation. The explanation offered by some renowned physicists is the anthropic argument based on multiglobality. In this paper, in the first place, multiglobality and fine tuning and its different kinds as well as the anthropic principle and argument are discussed. In the next step, it is argued that seemingly the explanation of physicists would not help them achieve their goal, which is offering a rational explanation about fine tuning. In fact, their explanation creates the issue of a new fine tuning, which is one stage prior to the current fine tuning. Therefore, this issue itself requires explanation.