جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « filtering » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

In order to protect Iranian users in cyberspace, in recent years, some social networks such as Facebook and Telegram have been filtered by the relevant authorities of our country. But still some users use filtered networks in different ways and using tools such as VPNs. The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of social network filtering policies on the general sense of security of users.

The present research was conducted in a quasi-experimental way. The method of data collection was field study and the tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was 402,453 citizens aged 18 to 65 living in the 22nd district of Tehran in 2015, and 384 people were selected for the sample size based on Cochran's formula.

The use of tools such as VPN and the use of unethical sites and undesirable content in cyberspace can affect the sense of identity, collective, cultural and intellectual security of users.

The results showed that the policy of filtering social networks has not only led to an increase in the public security of users who have not used VPN, but to some extent, it has also provided a sense of public security in some of the users who have used VPN.

Virtual social networks are considered as one of the most important and influential means of mass communication in today's world, which today operate as comprehensive and accessible media, and a large part of the media's information and public relations activities are carried out in this way. In a situation where many of these virtual networks have been filtered in Iran for a few years now and access to them is still limited and only possible with a filter breaker, the public relations of various institutions and organizations inevitably use new methods to inform. This research seeks to answer the question of what effect filtering has had on public relations activities and what strategies public relations have had to overcome this challenge in informing their target audience and society. The purpose of the research is to achieve practical solutions in attracting the audience through public relations. In this research, which was conducted using a survey method and using a questionnaire, the researchers have investigated the public relations information performance of the executive bodies in Bushehr and Fars provinces. From the results of this research, it is possible to mention the simultaneous use of Iranian social networks and filtered social networks by public relations for information, more creativity in content production, diversification and more dynamic content produced, and reduction of public relations audiences. Public relations use alternative methods to inform themselves and filtering does not stop them.

The media along with modern technologies have been influential in the transformation of the cultural and social characteristics of a society. In this regard, humor and irony on general and jokes as a part of sub-culture may be effective in the process of social change. In the light of the extension of virtual space and various messengers including telegram, this space, with respect to its potentials, has created remarkable communications and mutual interactions between social context and its output. Restriction policies of virtual space and the use of symbolic violence has led to some changes in the action of telling-jokes. The present article, is based on a descriptive-analytical approach and uses a combined research methodology. Hence, in quantitative section, experts have analyzed explorative factors among the samples. In qualitative section, netnographic method has been used to compare different jokes in virtual space before and after the telegram filtering. Finally, the jokes has been analyzed using Raymond Boudon’s metatheory and Pierre Bourdieu’s symbolic violence. The results of the present study suggest that the filtering of telegram not only did not reduce the jokes intensity and effectiveness, but resulted in the enhancement of black jokes especially associated with sex category andthe reduction of the white jokes aiming at mere laughter. Furthermore, communicative and access challenges contributed to the change of jokes from pictorial to written form.

Cyberspace filtering, despite being regarded as a civic improvement activity, has always been challenging and has had serious social consequences. Meanwhile, this action has always been on the agenda of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The question of this research is that the sovereignty of filtering, what issues and problems are suffering, and how these problems are shaped?

The method of collecting this article is "Semi-structured interview with experts" and its method is "grounded theory". It has been attempted to draw up a paradigmatic model of the issues of the cyberspace filtering method in Iran, using a systematic scheme and three stages of open, axial and selective coding.

From the perspective of this paper, the central and core problem of the filtering method in Iran is "centrality and governance of filtering". This focused centralized filtering suffers from problems such as: users being equally divided, abusive, law abusive, watchful tact, maximum, being able to escape. The major causes of such a disaster are the view of threating to cyberspace, dominance of filtering in immunization and Politicization in cyberspace. It seems that the weakness of the users' cyber education and their lack of persuasion over filtering is an important interventionist condition for this kind of filtering. Also, the open architecture of cyberspace and infecting real cultural space are the main contexts of it. Naturally, such a remedy has serious cultural, political, economic and other consequences, as explained in the paper.

One of the inhibiting policies of the government at national levels for creating a healthy cyberspace environment is its filtering. Iran is no exception in this regard and we witness occasional news about censorship ensued by for and against reactions in the society. This article aims at two questions: 1- What is the jurisprudential edict for this event, 2- What new problems will it create? The present research by using descriptive-analytical method has reached this conclusion that by relying on the two edicts, i.e. "the necessity of preventing vices" and "the prohibition of using corrupt materials", filtering can be regarded as a religious obligation. This jurisprudential ruling has resulted in another eight important jurisprudential problems related to filtering: 1-Quite certainly, the filtered content is essentially corrupting. 2- Filtering agent is both the government and the people. 3- Pre-warning and enhancing cyberspace literacy is to be taken as an instance of the verbal prohibition which should precede practical prohibition. 4- In regard to the sanctity of individual's privacy, this filtering must be applied on producers not receivers. 5- Both self-filtering and filtering by others are decreed by sharia. 6- Filtering illegal content has priority over website and social networking restrictions. 7- Audience- orientation is a significant principle next to content-based filtering which leads us to a ranked filtering action. 8- The acquittal principle recommends filtering according to the black list. 9- In regard to jurisprudential knowledge of subjects, mechanized supervision comes first, and human monitoring should be done in emergencies under special conditions.

Criminal content censorship (filtering) is a crucial subject which is being carried out in the Islamic Republic at high expenses, and the determination of its examples is legally handed over to a special committee of the Prosecutor General. Debate is going on about the efficiency of this kind of defensive mechanism against cultural intrusion and preserving political and economic interests. This article first tries to rely on jurisprudential stances and general principles derived from the Quran and traditions, in order to provide Islamic general policies about ethics, religion, politics and economics that exist in the real world, and then to offer general policies about safeguarding them, with the aim of defining them in the virtual world. Filtering, as a component of the country's defensive system, necessitates the adaptation of its general policies to the virtual world, which then could be used for analyzing the country's general filtering policies.

At the beginning of the last decade of the twentieth century the number of the users of internet increased quickly and the governments started actions to organize this sphere and guarantee its security. In this regard the way the governments made limitations and filters has raised criticism. While some consider filtering as opposing to the concept of freedom of speech, others see unlimited freedom in the uncontrolled internet space harmful. Some other, while accepting the concept of minimal filtering, criticize vast filtering policies. An issue that is growing mostly in developing countries is filtering based on political agendas, ideas of specific individuals and the interests of specific groups. This paper is looking for the answer to the following question: are the current filtering policies effective? Performing a secondary analysis of 9 research articles, I have tried to address the harms of different ways of filtering and explore the negative results of intensive filtering practices. The results of this study show to what extent the filtering policies are effective and what policies can be productive and effective in this regard.

This Article is intended to examine the current Iranian policy towards social media & the effective forces ruling this policy & future trends. So, during the interviews with 20 key Iranian policy-makers of virtual space, it provides a different & new cognition towards this challenging issue in Iranian social media policy-making. The statement of problem, concerns the conflict between policy-maker's mental paradigms & how the users use these media, which provide a proposed model to ameliorate the status quo between their media consumption & some determinative policy (like Filtering). Commixing the findings of systematic reviews of selected researches, with implementation and analysis of interviews through open, axial and selective coding with qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA, conducted to a proposed model for policy-making in this field. The research outcome determines that policy makers viewpoint to the social media is not necessarily in conflict with the users usage, but the inadequacy of existing structures, ignoring legal, administrative or controlling tools, as well as scattered policy making methods, provide too many challenges for social media policy-making. This has made it too difficult for policy-making institutions to converge & synergize. This article also emanates from the first academic research as a Ph.D thesis in social communication sciences, which is done after the establishment of "Supreme Council of Cyberspace" (by Iranian Supreme Leader in 2012) & the "Computer Crimes Law", passed by the Iranian parliament in 2010.

Development of computer science and communication and information technology affected on all of the science in the world. Also each society should accompany science advancement and technology to prevent from technologic and scientific back warded state. With due attention to cultural attacks and IT threaten and internet network in different fields of social, cultural, moral, political, scientific and many numbers of Iranian users in internet proposed that in direction of much affecting and decreasing in filtering expenses and access control against cyber menace and its social attacks, disciplinary forces of Islamic Iran Republic firm the cyber social security with guidance of available equipments and sources for increasing of awareness and users thought puberty and make culture (culture-engineering).Haste development of human science and modern technology advancement presented new scientific achievement for human. But interring to new scientific and technology area will accompany results for social security and moral problems. Scientific advancement and development accompany with a double-process: one is service aspect and presented value by new technology and other application culture and security-moral of new sciences. Besides officials neglect in education and attention to use of new technology will lead to children and young adults neglect. It is necessary to consider 2 categories of social education and developing of electronic training and equipping of IT.