جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « form » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Paying attention to the negative effects of the culture industry is among the principles of critical aesthetics of Frankfurt School. Culture industry eliminates one's creativity and individualism through their assimilation. In this documentary research that was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach, the first five books of Simin Behbahani, including Jay-e Pa (Footprints), Chelcheraq (Chandelier), Mar Mar (Marble), Rastakhiz (Resurrection), and Khatee ze Sorat va az Atash (A Trajectory of Speed and Fire), were analyzed from the critical aesthetics perspective. The results of this research showed that besides depicting the life narration of the persons such as the dancer, the prostitute, the employee, and the rich man as some manifestations of the culture industry like beauty industry and entertainment industry in her poems, Simin Behbahani has represented reification as the consequence of the culture industry in the form of gender reification and administrative reification. Regarding the form area, Behbahani is, at first, an imitator by following the literary tradition, but she has liberated her art from imitation and entered the creative art area by bringing a manifesto in Khatee ze Sorat va az Atash manuscript and using the unprecedented and rare weights in Persian poetry. It can be said that her poem is an authentic one and complies with the principles of Frankfurt School. This way, Behbahani has, in fact, criticized the consequences of the culture industry by negating the status quo and presenting an indictment against the established rhyme.

Social knowledge, which was formed in the Islamic era and is known as practical wisdom in an important part, is a system of knowledge that provides special laws, theories and concepts for social knowledge. Knowing these elements can be the way to understand the language of this knowledge. Among these theories, there are many interpretations of the original under the title of "composition" which has been interpreted with different theories. Composition as a metaphysical principle has the ability to interpret various natural and unnatural components and elements. An example of these composition is formed in the human world under the title of society. In this regard, with an analytical-historical view, we have reread the formation process of various interpretations of the theory of composition regarding social reality, and finally, an innovative point of view in explaining what society is by using the united composition of matter and form in theoretical wisdom and the concrete composition of matter and form in The strategy is presented. As a result, its concrete combination will be an interpretation of the principle of composition, which is responsible for explaining the identity of the society. Finally, the general system that can express the concepts and ideas of social sciences of the Islamic period will be the practical strategy of that period.

After making its initial experiences, cinema media attempt to create different ways of making movies. In order to absorb more audiences, artists and critics and filmmakers have experienced some methods in the field of narrative and structure at any point in time, and in their works, and have revealed a new and novel style. This continuous change and development over time has formed a special idealism that has caused cinema to appear continuously as an attractive and new art to the audience. In different periods, especially in the way of expressing the beginning and end of the film, this behavior had a special position that can be discussed and considered. The present study is an applied design and its main problem is to analyze the experimentalism of the beginning and the end of the film in three classical, modern and postmodern periods. This paper is a qualitative research with a review approach based on book study, film and cinema information. We find that experimentalism has created aesthetic and expressive filmic styles and periods in shifting the narrative time of art or commercial cinema depending on the beginning and end of the film, and has played a crucial and dynamic role in the ideal position and vitality of cinema media.

The book "The Science of Literary Society" written by Anwar Abdul Hamid Al-Musa is one of the recent works in which the author comprehensively deals with the emergence and growth of literary sociology from the beginning to the present day. As well as a chapter on Arabic works in this area, their critique is also given. In order to introduce this book, we decided to examine this work based on a descriptive analytical method from both formal and content aspects to finally reveal the advantages and disadvantages and the success rate of the author in writing this work. Based on the results, we can consider the psychological and eloquent style, observance of writing rules, fit of the content with the title and logical sequence between the contents, strength and accuracy and neutrality in the analyses and critiques, among the advantages of this book. Type and size of fonts, lack of novelty in the title and its generality, failure to achieve the purpose of research, mere collection of materials, inappropriate and unscientific citation method, repetition and content, non-problematic work, bias in quoting content and conclusion, and being inadequate, are considered among the most important flaws and shortcomings of this work.

The distinction between civil and commercial practices and the identification of commercial activities and transactions have long been the source of many effects that have gradually been accepted in most legal systems in a codified form and also in the form of commercial laws. The book of Commercial Law, Volume 1 has been compiled in accordance with the Iranian Commercial Code, stating the basics of commercial law and focusing on the rights and duties of businessmen and identifying commercial practices for the undergraduate law course. The critique of the present book has been done using the known criteria and characteristics in order to evaluate the book and to identify its strengths and weaknesses in order to promote and improve the research. One of the most important shortcomings of the book is the lack of comprehensiveness of content and the weakness of analytical discussions, which has overshadowed the reasons for compiling the work. Since the book in question is one of the academic books, the need to complete and upgrade it will definitely be useful for both the author and the students. It is hoped that some issues will be modified in future editions.

Due to the need to establish strong links between industry and academia to use scientific theories in industry, the use of case study in the management of organizational behavior is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the book “Case Studies of Organizational Behavior Management”. The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the model proposed by the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books in the framework of general introduction, form and content study of the work. In general, in terms of the form of the work, the form quality of the work is good, despite these formal weaknesses of the work are: not using a specific symbol of management behavior in the design on the cover of the book, not using tables, charts and the bug is inside the text. In terms of content, the use of case study method in managing organizational behavior is one of the strengths of the effect. However, the work suffers from lack of logical order and content coherence, content inaccuracy, and content defects. In general, the analysis of the content of scientific and academic books can provide their possible strengths and weaknesses for the possible modification and change of content and form, in accordance with the set goals and scientific principles to the planners and authors of academic books.

This study explores the belonging to a place in the new town of Andisheh after three decades. This town has gained a higher population among four new towns around Tehran, which was a reason why it was selected as a case for the study.The methodology of this study is based on inquiry, and 385 questionnaires were randomly distributed and completed on working days in public spaces of the area such as in parks, at doors, and in local stores. The analyses were performed based on expert opinions, and the questionnaires were quantitatively analyzed by using SPSS software. The correlation analysis method indicated that there is a significant relationship between objective and objective factors on the one hand, and belonging to a place on the other hand, and many of the indexes had significant relationships with spatial attraction (a combined variable of the questionnaire’s three main variables). Further, they showed that the new town of Andisheh has an improper position in terms of correlation and social interaction. In the readability and clarity of passages and intersections of the town, there were no specific features for the residents. Furthermore, the index of neighbor interaction was investigated for social interactions. However, half of the participants stated that they were not willing to leave the town.

A Cognitive Study of the Mothering Meaning Evaluation and Family Form Changes Mediated by Contemporary Medical Contexts Farzaneh Farshadi[1]Mansour Vosoughi[2]AbstractThroughout the history, the mothering formation has been articulated differently due to the mediators such as health, medicine and technology. The articulation of the mother-child relationship or the act of childbearing has been changed through mediation via historical necessities, and different families, such as the extended, the nuclear, have been formed.Thus, has the content or meaning of motherhood re-articulated in a historical process along with the changes of family form? If so, how do semantic changes occur with the actor’s understanding? This article seeks to discover the answers with theories of Simmel, Husserl through concepts of form, content and consciousness.The semi-structured interview is the base of collecting data and conducts by the components of a researcher-made ideal type. The interviewees are classified based on chronology context.Finally, three types of articulation of the maternal semantic system (Transition, Balanced, Voluntary) are recognized, which are related to three forms (Semi-nuclear and Semi-autonomous nuclear, Adjoining), respectively.As a result, the attitude towards childbearing (value) is also articulated in new understanding by the acquisition of knowledge, understanding of the subject of cognition (body) it is in this new formulation of value that another stage of maternal meaning is constructed for the actor.   Key words: Consciousness, Family, Form and context, lived experience of mothering, Mothering meaning  [1] PhD Student in Cultural Sociology, Research Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran[2] PhD in Sociology, Research Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author)[email protected]

Traditional footwear, during the time, are always effected by some factors such as weather and climate of each region, traditions, customs, life style and occupations, has appeared in different types. Concinnity, variety in form, color and material, and appropriateness of these three factors with climate conditions and culture, and also use of natural and native materials, are some of prominent properties of these footwear. Birjand County, which is located in the shout of Khorasan province, is one of the areas that its footwear products had a lot of fame in the region and also in the country in the past. A native Art-Industry which today, except its fame and a few old masters, anything is remained from that. While, in addition to its historical and cultural importance, profession of traditional shoemaking as a domestic Art-Industry, can has special importance from economical and employment aspects, for some reasons such as utilization of native knowledge and workforces, and also usage of native materials. Therefore, the main objective of this essay is include recognizing and introducing of Art-Industry of traditional shoemaking in Birjand, scrutiny of its products, manufacture methods and used materials. It is obvious that the first step for preserving and reviving of this domestic profession is its recognition and introduction, which provided a context to convert the traditional footwear into a practical product for today's customers, with eliminating its defects and optimization.

Going through elementary experiences and early cinema, led filmmakers to pay attention to how the story is portrayed in the film in order to attract the audience. Silent cinema and sound cinema have tried and experienced different methods of narration in the periods of classical, modern and postmodern cinema in various forms of artistic cinema, movements and cinematic styles; each of which has its unique features. Early cinema, due to its inability to use sound, considered silent stories in its productions, but contemporary cinema, and especially the art of animation, uses silent structure, taking into account the visual values and linguistic features. Silent cinema is a conscious form that can produce various narrative dominances in a visual and pictural way and attract audiences of different age and mindset to this type of cinema. This applied research, while reviewing the background of narrative methods in cinema, tries to address the issue of how contemporary animated films use visual functions and techniques in the narration of silent works. The present qualitative research method, with a formalistic approach and using the study of library resources and audio-visual archives, has analyzed the” Bear Story” animation as a purposeful selection of silent animations (1990-2017). Findings of the study show that in silent animations, the influx and accumulation of visual and audio elements have a great effect on conveying narrative i.

The purpose of this article is to review and critique the book Islamic Management (Models and Obstacles to its Realization in Society and Organizations). First, the book is evaluated in terms of method and then in terms of content and structure. Also, the extensible points of the book are mentioned in order to enrich the book and open other fields of research. The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the proposed model by the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books in the context of the general introduction, the form and content of the work are examined. This work suffers from a lack of logical order and coherence of content, content inaccuracy, content defects and errors. The technical quality of the work is good and the general rules of writing have been observed. Despite these, the formal weaknesses of the work are simple book cover design, ‌simple page layout, failure to observe the proportion of the volume of the seasons, ‌excessive detail attached to the book, lack of attractive tables, and ack of list of tables, charts, and figures. In general, the analysis of the content of the academic books can provide the potential strengths and weaknesses of these books for the modification and possible change of content and form, in accordance with the set goals and scientific principles to the planners and authors of academic books.

In the city of Esfarayn, for the first time coins were minted during the Ilkhanid era. The aim of the current study is to examine the form and content of inscriptions on those coins and seek answer to the following questions: What are the motives of engraving on Esfarayn coins of the Ilkhani period? What meanings the inscriptions of Ilkhanid coins contain with? The research method applied here is historical, descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the study is 42 coins minted in Esfarayn. The results show that the Ilkhanids designed a variety of designs such as pentagonal, hexagonal and octagonal stars, circle, mandala, multicolored flowers, clover flowers, circle, borders and horseman for coins. Calligraphic changes with Arabic, Persian, Uyghur, Chinese scripts and motifs multiplied on Esfarayn coins, with the appointment and removal of Ilkhan. Despite religious beliefs of Shamanism, Buddhism, Christianity and Jews, they established religious tolerance in the political arena of Iran by accepting Islam. In addition to Islamic rituals, they could also reflect their own religious rituals on the coins bearing cultural messages. The differentiation of Mongolian rulers from the Iranian people and their religious and governmental policies reflects most changes in terms of themes and contents reflecting on the coins that have been studied in three periods altogether.

The book “Form and creation in Iranian music” has been written and edited based on one of the academic courses of Iranian music and at least because of the lack of references in this field, this book is considered as a referable and rich source, its criticize has been done with the aim of developing the domains of study in this field. The source of the major theoretical backgrounds of the book is the personal experiences and ideas of the author, as a well-known export in this field. Using numerous and various examples related to the titles and issues as well as the content of the last chapter about the genres in Iranian music can be considered as the highlights. Incoherence of the contents in certain titles, not presenting and enough explanations of some expressions and ambiguity when using certain specialized vocabulary can be counted as weaknesses of the work.

Contrary to the tradition of some professors such as Forouzanfar, Homaee, Zarrinkoub who mainly discussed on life and thought of the author / poet – some of the works by Dr. Shafiee Kadkani are specific and different because they have emphasized on the question of form and the form of literary work apart from the content and theme, and they have written sometimes books (poetry, music) or perfectly form oriented articles (based on formalist). Resurrection of words: in this meantime, a lesson of speeches on literary theory of Russian formalists has been the most formalist work by him in which not only is discussed on the introduction of the formalism (history, teachings and characters affected), but also some of his articles have been included which have been written with inspiration from their ideas.
With all the advantages that this book has (such as all works by Dr. Shafiee Kadkani), there are some criticisms on it. The main criticisms are as follows: 1- incomplete expression (and possibly incorrect) background / context of the emergence of Russian Formalism, 2- lack of coherence of theories presented by the author, 3- some irrefutable and non-scientific propositions in the book and 4- finally, the inclusion of chapters such as "potter motif evolution in the poetry of Omar Khayyam" which is not consistent with formalism space of the book of resurrection of words.

The book titled "Theoretical and Practical Bases of Film Music: An Essay on Film Music in the World of Islam", is the first published book in Iran which deals with the study of theoretical and practical fundaments of the use of film music.By employing a freshlook, the book investigates the most important elements and instruments in music and drama in the context of "The common Expression Potentially".By reviewing the role of the film music in Egyptian silver screen, it shows new aspects of music in Islamic countries’ cinema, as viewed by the Eastern artists.In addition, by comparing the two religious films i.e. Mohammad the Messenger and The Passion of the Christ, from the view of film music representation, the favorable performance of the film for expressing the semantic layers of the film has been designed.The present essay has pointed out some certain strengths of the book such as the good quality of studying the artistic elements and instruments of music and drama, coherent and multilateral analyses relevant to the Egypt cinema, innovation in raising the point of representation of the music of religious films and expressive and fluent expression.Also, by form criticizing of the book with respect to typography, the printing quality of the photos, expertise editing and misprints, it highlights some problems. Through the analysis of the content, it has dealt with issues such as the effect of lacking the titling of the second chapter has dealt with semantic coherence , the non-comprehensively of topics such as “ form and choosing instruments , and “ music representation” for compilation weakness and insufficient reference to the available sources .

Ilmud-dilalah” (Semantics) by Ahmad Mukhtar Omar is among the books translated into Persian by Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi, a faculty member of Mashhad University. Considerable usage of the main and original research sources by the writer, and his command of the record of studies done in semantics in the Muslims’ old linguistic heritage have given the book a special position in the semantic studies, which makes its translation necessary.  The cover design, typography, page layout, punctuations, and typographical errors of the translated book were considered in the examination of the form. Examination of the content of the translation focused on the faithfulness in translation of all parts of the book, faithfulness in full translation of the text, faithfulness in conveying the content, specialized terms, literal translation, explanatory footnotes, and the citation style. In this translation criticism which is based on a contrastive attitude, two categories of the options and limitations of the translator were examined, but the focus was more on the limitations. Examinations showed that the translation was done so hastily, and in practice just little scientific and literary revisions were done on it. It has caused a number of errors and shortcomings in this translation to be greater than the number of its advantages, and many parts of the book need to be translated again.

This paper is an attempt to explain the form and components of Iranian female painters artworks in the 70s and80s hijri. It seeks to assess women’s paintings of two decades ago in comparison with current Iranian artworks. Undoubtedly, the growth in the number of those who produce artworks motivates the researcher to study women’s produced paintings to identify Iran’s current art field. To achieve this goal, the theory of Paul Gay and his method in text analysis are used. Our study sample consists of 10 current female artists (five from the 70s and five from the 80s). From each artist 10 works are chosen to analyze. Our research findings show that the components and structure of current female works can be interpreted as a tendency to urban and industrial system of the contemporary world, individual identity, religious beliefs and femininity. On the other hand, the important position of the feminine gender identity and the appearance of female’s life environment in today’s world are revealed. In addition, it can be said that Iranian art in the 70’s hijri , has changed gradually and it has moved towards existing reality. These changes are dependent on the relation with the international art and a close attention to the society. Beside these processes, women's art has been grown considerably since two decades ago.
Furthermore, the existed structure and components in the paintings under study reveal the identification and direction of the art among contemporary women painters. There are almost common structures in the paintings which are derived from the common experiences of the Iranian society at large. Female artists in these two contemporary decades have moved toward their personal and individual dialogue. The female group of artists is gradually questioning the dominance of male group to reach their own personal language and individual concerns.