جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « institutions » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

“Methodology of Islamic Economics” is a textbook for MA and PhD students of Islamic economics. Using the concept of institution, the author has tried to make a connection between the Shari'a rules, as matters of conventionals, and economic realities and concludes that differences of conventionals in Islamic societies and others, requires differences in social realities and so Islamic economics requires a different methodology. The author then examines a list of institutions derived from the Shari'a rules and how it affects social realities. The main drawback of the book is to move away from the methodology and there is almost no discussion about the evaluation of theories of Islamic economics or the criterion of the scientific nature of these theories. Much of the book discusses the differences between Islamic economics theories from those of neoclassical economics. The author has used some concepts of institutionalism without clarifying the relationship between institutionalism and Islamic economics. The critique of the foundations of neoclassical economics also relies on other schools of economics, including the German historical school and behavioral and institutional economics, while the author was expected to critique from the perspective of Islamic economics. It is suggested that the title of the book can be changed and the author can make a fundamental review of the book's topics in the next edition.

Understanding the logic behind the success and failure in economic growth, and institutional and global arrangements is the subject of this book. Identifying growth’s binding constraints and the need for finding solutions for development issues according to the circumstances of countries is an alternative approach to this book on development. This paper aims at evaluating “One Economics, Many Recipe” in presenting an initiative for economic growth and development. Analytical-descriptive method is used in reviewing the book and conducting methodological assessment. The results indicated the advantages and challenges of the arguments put forwarded by the book. Among the advantages is the consideration of each country's circumstances in growth policy, the lack of one size fits all for economic policies for development, challenging the universalism of neoclassical teachings, the distinction between ignition of growth and its sustainability, and questioning of the exaggerating in the benefits of trade liberalization. Among the challenges are using the prescription on the title of the translated book, problems in implementing the growth diagnostic method, utilizing qualitative methods instead of quantitative in growth diagnosis in practice, neglecting policies and measures for the second stage in growth sustainability, and methodological assessment of growth diagnosis.

With the development of new information and communication technologies and the widespread use of cyberspace, the need to establish a legal mechanism the field of prevention and combating cybercrime based on the strategic documents of the country and in this study To explain the position and role of organizations and institutions in the integrated management of prevention and combating cybercrime in the of Iran with an institutional mapping approach.

This research is a descriptive method in terms of applied purpose and survey research in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study consists of experts in the field of management, prevention and combating of cybercrime in 61 organizations and institutions that are members of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace. The tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that after final confirmation of its validity by experts, the reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.854). To analyze the data using descriptive statistical tests, the frequency of contextual variables the study population was analyzed and by performing Friedman test and chi-square test, the data were analyzed and ranked using SPSS software.

Considering the use of appropriate tools and tests, among the organizations and institutions of the country, 35 organizations and active institutions have an effective role in integrated management of prevention and combating cybercrime, which are organized and ranked in three groups: leadership, executor and support.

The results indicate that despite the complexities, interaction and cooperation the cyber environment of the country, 35 institutions and organizations in integrated management of prevention and combating cybercrime have a leading, implementing and supportive role that can be provided by providing executive solutions by creating a coherent plan. Prevent and deal with cybercrime at the national level and be effective in removing existing barriers and preventing parallelism.

The book “Endogenous Regional Development: Leadership and Institutions” examines the role of the three components of leadership, institutions, and entrepreneurship in creating endogenous regional development. The main idea of ​​the authors is that these three elements can provide the basis for the correct guidance of the two factors of resource endowment and adaptation to the market structure towards endogenous regional development. This statement is based on facts revealed in different parts of the world. The method of the present article in reviewing the book is documentary and analytical and the purpose is to evaluate the work with an emphasis on its content critique. The results of the study show that although the concepts contained in the book cover part of the scientific needs of the country, it has shortcomings such as not testing the proposed model, mentioning indicators that cannot be measured accurately, and using inappropriate criteria in measuring is one of the introduced indicators. In addition, a precise and specific definition of the region is not given. Furthermore, expressing the experiences of different regions, which makes up a large part of the book, lacks a general conclusion.

Institutions and their related organizations strongly influence the speed and direction ofeconomic growth. Consequently, they are regarded as a major factor for growth. Entrepreneurshipis also known to be an important driving force for economic growth. Withthis regard, any action to direct and strengthen productive activities is an important consideration.Hence, it is important to devise effective instruments to influence the entrepreneurialactivities in a productive way. Institutions, entrepreneurship and their interrelationshiphave a considerable influence on economic growth. This work is concernedwith the relationship between institutions and entrepreneurship and the way in whichthey interact. To this end, this study employs established methods and presents a frameworkto determine the way in which they influence each other. Furthermore, the experienceof other countries is used to propose a strategy for Iran in relation to institutions andentrepreneurship. The investigation uses empirical data to determine the coefficients requiredin the proposed model. The output of the proposed model shows that there is apositive relationship between entrepreneurship and the strength of institutions.

Since 1990s researchers have demonstrated increasing interest in studying the association between institutions on one hand, and other issues including economic growth and development, investment, inflation and inequality on the other hand. This mainly lies in the fact that institutions play substantial role in reducing the costs of exchange, insecurity and risks. This evidently echoes the importance of studying the determinants of institutions, which has not received sufficient attention in the existing literature. Development accounts for a key determinant of institutions. The present study examines the effect of development on institutions on the basis of the governance index. The examination focuses on the Islamic countries of D8 during 1996-2014 and employs the auto-regressive method. The results of this study support the statistically significant and positive effects of development and human capital on institutions. On the contrary, institutions are negatively affected by abundant natural resources.

This paper aims to signalize the substantial fact that the major focus and the joint aspect to fulfill the purposes of human development, sustainable development, social justice, competitive power and resilience of national economy is to promote the power of national production.
To fulfill this purpose, we used institutional theoretical system for presenting the analysis and signalized the methodological and empirical aspects of this issue with the descriptive-analytical method. Hence, with concentration on industrialization as the main focus of promotion of the national production, we survey the historical experience of our country through the development plans in before and after the Islamic revolution.
The findings of this study demonstrate that because of the shortage of strategic insight in this area and unbelievable neglects and errors in the period of the last 70 years, the history of development planning shows us that despite of enormous money sources specification, the expected achievements could not be reached at all. Also a lot of inconsistencies and problems endangered the view of national development. The suggested solution is to consider the national production power with interdisciplinary approach and as a system of the whole social life.

Employment is one of the most important macro socio-economic variables. One of the main goals of each country is to increase it, because it is closely related to socio-economic deformities and other economic variables. Therefore, the purpose of present research is to examine the impact of socio-economic determinants of employment in developing Islamic countries (D8) during the period of 1996-2014 by using econometrics panel data method. The study results represent significant and positive impact of institutional factors (governance, economic freedom and civil liberties) and human agency in creating new employment opportunities, and the impact of inflation on employment is negative and significant. Finally we can say that in the countries which were studied in present research the impact of GDP on employment is Positive and meaningless.

In recent years, growth theories have gone beyond conventional determinants, aiming to include institutional factors. In this context, the main purpose of this paper is to test effective factors on economic growth with special focus on the institutional factors using 53 Islamic countries data from 2002 to 2011. The study used panel data approach and Generalized Method of Moments method. Institutional factors are used in two groups, the rule of law measured by, corruption and regulatory quality and democracy measured by political rights, civil liberties, autocracy and political regime type. The results show that the institutional quality measured by the rule of law has positive and statistically significant effect on the economic growth and democracy and civil liberties have also positive and significant effect on economic growth. These suggest that to achieve economic growth in light of institutional reforms both the rule of law and democracy should be considered simultaneously.