جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « land reforms » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Land reforms can be regarded as the most significant event of the past century in Iranian agrarian society, which is debated from a variety of expert perspectives. One of the complementary policies of land reforms was the unsuccessful establishment of communal exploitation units such as agricultural joint-stock companies.This qualitative study investigates the process of agricultural joint-stock company exploitation systems disintegrating. The data was gathered through open and semi-structured interviews with 15 members, shareholders, and involved individuals of the Rudpish agricultural joint-stock company in Fuman, and then analyzed and described using the method of theme analysis.Prior to their establishment, companies faced sociocultural, economic, subsistence, and legal issues encompassing ignorance, involuntary (forced) participation, unknown benefits and profits, and ownership, according to the findings of this study. Socio-cultural, technical, legal, and organizational issues including social rejection, inflexibility, managers’ lack of interaction with people, shareholders’ feeling of powerlessness, failure in stabilization of modern techniques, changing contracts of companies and farmers multiple times, a sense of dispossession, a lack of an effective reward and punishment system, unskilled managers and employees, and a lack of an effective trustee system plagued the companies after their establishment.The current study demonstrates that disregarding the cultural conditions and experiences of local people, disregarding their ownership, and failing to plan to obtain social trust – which is essential to the social capital required for the success of any local development plan – will result in the failure of efforts to create new exploitation systems.

One of the issues that revolutionaries face is their approach to real estate owned by administrative authorities and big owners. After the Islamic revolution in Iran, the leader of the Islamic revolution has faced two basic problems regarding the aforementioned civil affairs. These two include the situation of unjustified acquisitions by the institutions and officials of the Pahlavi regime, as well as the issue of acquisitions required by revolutionary institutions after the victory of the revolution. Now it should be determined by examining the opinions of Imam Khomeini, the various dimensions of the mentioned issue, to find out what position there was by the leader of the revolution in this regard? The result of the research has determined that the leader of the Islamic Revolution had a strict stance towards the illegal acquisitions of the past and a law-abiding stance towards the acquisitions made after the Islamic Revolution by government officials and institutions.

The program of the land reforms in Iran accomplished in the beginning of the decade 1340 Hegira which changed the land making system and master and man relations overshadowed from it. The performance of this program endowed the rural with lands and saved them from the dominance of masters and possessed the farmers the lands in which they worked on it. The government of Iran in Pahlavi II period (shah Mohammad Reza) under the pressure of America and its then president Jon. F. Kennedy for the purpose of confronting with the authority of communism in Iran settled a series of social reforms especially the land reforms in country. The land reforms were the first principle of white revolution of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi which has been accomplished in 1340 Hegira. The purpose of Pahlavi government from performing the land reform projects was the establishment of a social base for themselves between the villagers. The land reforms in Iran have been accomplished in three stages and followed numerous political, social and economical consequences from the time of its performance. From the same time of the beginning of performing the program of land reforms this project also has been accomplished in Birjand County. Also the performance of land reforms program in Birand has had three stages which all of its phases has been accomplished sparsely and restrictedly in this county. The writer of this article follows to consider the procedures of the performance of land reforms in Birjand County. Also Birjand overshadowed from the accomplishment of the stages of land reforms in this province and this program has also been performed over there.

This article takes into consideration all narratives formed historically around the question of land tenure system prior to 1962 land reforms in Kurdistan. The argument offered in the paper aims atpresenting a new narrative that will include what has been absent in the previous narratives. We chose the narrative analysis as a research method and narratives data were gathered by documentary studies and interviews. These data were then classified and analyzed. The results of this research show some of existing wrong narratives about land tenure in Kurdistan, and reached this conclusion that land tenure system in Kurdistan was different from collective land tenure system such as Boneh and Govbandi.