جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "nasser al-din shah" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

In the present article, the author has examined the texts of several manuscripts as the thirty-eighth essay of the series titled "Reading Manuscripts." The text investigates the manuscripts, including:"The Journey of Nasser al-Din Shah to the Holy Shrines" by Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Shahrestani"Letter of Ahmad ibn Hanbal in Defense of the People of Ardabil Against Babak Khoramdin""A Note of Value Regarding the Gifts of Books, etc., from Shah Abbas I to Sultan Murad in the Year 998""Report (from the Year 1231 AH / 1816 CE) on the Invention of the Camera in Europe""A Poem Criticizing Constitutionalism""The Relationship between Scholars and Rulers from the Perspective of a Scholar in the Safavid Era"These manuscripts are critically examined and discussed in detail in the article.

Given the need for international relations and the role of customs law in the development of any country, the present article recognizes the customs provisions in Iran's agreements with Russia. This article describes the results of customs exemptions in the contracts concluded with Russia during the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah (1267-1275 AH / 1848-1896 AD) and Muzaffar al-Din Shah (1275 -1285 AH/ 1896-1907 AD) by descriptive-analytical method and using library documents and resources. based on Wallerstein's theory of the world order. The main question of the research is why in the agreements concluded with Russia; was the country's customs revenue considered to guarantee Iran's debts? It is assumed that Iran's economic weakness and Russia's lack of confidence in the financial strength of the governments in power in Iran, there was a doubt that if Iran does not fulfill its obligations under the agreements, or short, how to compensate for the damage?During this period, due to the weakness of Iran's political and economic structures, various countries and Russia included provisions in the amount of customs tariffs and tax exemptions in their peace treaties and trade agreements with Iran. Gradually, the exemption from customs duties on imported goods, Iran's handicrafts and workshops became defenseless in competition with imported products. Guaranteeing the payment of customs revenues as a backing of obligations, which was one of the most important revenues of the Qajar government and always poured large figures into the treasury of the government, could solve Russia's doubts about paying Iran's debts. They became the third government. Although the country expanded trade relations with Russia due to its strategic position, trade in northern Iran was monopolized by Russia. With the establishment of the Ministry of Finance and the annexation of customs to it in 1911 (1329 AH) the customs structure was improved, but still prevented tariff protections for domestic products. Iran was one of the peripheral countries during this period.

During the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah in Iran, Iranian thinkers became increasingly concerned with the education system. They realized the correlation between reforms in various areas and raising the public’s awareness and discussed the necessity of public education. Consequently, they emphasized the reformation of elementary education as the basis of public education. These thinkers’ approach to elementary education and the relevance of their solutions for reforming elementary education to the realities of the time and the principles of elementary education is the issue that will be studied in the present research by applying a descriptive-analytical method and using the works of the thinkers of that era. This research seeks to answer the question whether the solutions offered by the thinkers of the Nasseri Era to reform elementary education and make it public bore any correspondence to the realities of the time and the principles of elementary education. Results of this research indicate that although the thinkers of that era had a proper conception of the role of elementary education in public education, by insisting on solutions such as reforming the alphabet, they were distanced from the realities of the time and the principles of elementary education.

The painting of the Shah during the Qajar period is one of the main subjects of court sculpture. The face of Naser al-Din Shah (1247 AH - 1313 AH) during his reign goes through a different path from beginning to end. In the early period, his face conforms to the standards and aesthetics of Iranian painting and in the last period of his reign, his face is influenced by the photography industry and social change. A trip to Europe changes European realism and painting. The general question in this article is as follows: What are the changes in the sculptural images of Nasser al-Din Shah in the early and late Qajar period, and the aesthetic criteria of each period due to changing social conditions? Given the importance of paintings of the Shah during the Qajar period, these changes in a painting by Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar are the subject of this study. In order to investigate this issue, the first sculptural painting in the Nasiri period is examined, and then the evolution and differences and similarities of paintings. The content of the present study is qualitative and the method of collecting information is documentary (library) and the research method is historical-comparative. The results indicate that during the long period of Nasser al-Din Shah, Sculpture painting with the theme of the king is seen as one of the main themes in the art of painting. In the early period of his reign, Shah's painting was influenced by the Iranian painting art of the previous and early Qajar periods and has an ancient and idealistic look. In the painting of the last period, due to the influence of social developments of this period, he tends towards realism and photography. The face of the king is humane and real. The subject of a painting by Nasser al-Din Shah can be seen in both periods, but the view of painters has changed according to the social and political conditions of the early and late period, and this is reflected in every painting with the subject of the king. These developments are the result of the Shah's change of mind, connection with Europe, social change, and the use of the art of photography. These factors show that art in both periods is affected by social changes and the view of artists on the subject of sculpture changes with social factors and shows the view of the subject of man in the art of sculpture. [1][1]. This article is the result of a research core entitled "Study of the Art of Sculpture Painting of the Qajar Period" approved by Al-Zahra University