جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « social determinants of health » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Social well-being is considered as one of the important dimensions of health among special groups such as blind and visually-impaired individuals, which due to the lack of access to visual information and extensive social interactions with other people, is first rooted in their mental perceptions of the concept of health. This research is a theoretical and experimental study of the social well-being of the blind and visually-impaired individuals in Kashan city and the identification of factors related to it.

This research was conducted through a survey questionnaire and the investigated statistical population included 652 blind and partially sighted people of Kashan, out of which 211 people were selected as the statistical sample using the Sample Power Software.

The results of the multivariate regression analysis show the direct effect of the variables “mental health”, “social security”, and “social abilities” on “social well-being”, which in total explained 53% of the variance of the social well-being of blind and partially sighted people in Kashan city. Also, the results of the evaluation of the structural model indicate that the effect size of the “mental health” variable is at a high level, while other variables are at a low level. In addition, the predictive power of the model has been evaluated at a moderate to high level.

Overall, the results indicate that the mean score of the social well-being variable of the blind and partially sighted is higher than the theoretical mean score. Based on the experimental findings of the research, especially the average amount of the variables as well as the confirmed hypotheses, it is possible to define and implement plans to improve or promote social well-being among this group.

The achievements of the healthcare network in the country have changed over the past three decades, and in some cases the healthcare network has achieved success at international level as well; for example, the decline in infant mortality, children and pregnant women mortality rates, and the control of infectious diseases. These successes have been due to the development of health services in rural and deprived communities. The main reasons of these successes has been the development of human resources in the health sector as well as the promotion of social factors, such as increasing people’s literacy and the development of health, welfare, and infrastructures facilities in rural communities by other sections collaboration. Due to several reasons, it seems that the quality and quantity of health services in the healthcare networks of the country need to be changed and improved. Some main causes are as follows: 1- The reversal of urban and rural populations over the past three decades, population density in cities and its margins (or informal settlements). 2- Changing the causes of the diseases and early deaths from infectious to non-communicable (which is dependent on the lifestyle of people and economic, social, political, technological, international, and environmental factors). 3- Low coverage of primary health care in cities and towns. The major aim of this study is situation analysis and defining health transformation plan. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach at three stages: conceptual framework designing and stakeholder’s analysis, health indicators status analysis, and direction determination. Data were collected in three ways: literature review, written opinion polls, stakeholders’ focused group discussions. According to the health challenges which was achieved by analyzing the people health indicators in addition to stakeholders’ views, in the beginning, 19 strategic health goals were agreed upon in order to improve the physical, psychological, and social health indices. Due to the lack of a similar program and subsequent evaluations, determining the success rate for each goal in the coming years was defined on the basis of a set of documents and stakeholders’ views, including the Global Prevention Program,Control of Non-Communicable Diseases, and the Millennium Development Goals. These 19 strategic goals are as follows: 1- Promoting awareness, attitude and self-care group skills by 30% compared to base year. 2-Increasing community participation in equitable health promotion by 30% compared to base year. 3-Increasing coverage and benefiting from early diagnosis services. Issuing health cards and increasing care coverage up to 60% of the country population. 4-Five percent reduction in deaths from cardiovascular infarctions, cancer, and respiratory diseases. 5-Organizing inter-sectoral cooperation in reducing health risk factors 6- Ten percent reduction in salt intake and rate of smoking, high blood pressure, and low physical activity. 7- Reducing the slope of the diagram of changing overweight people in to obese ones. 8- Reducing the prevalence of prevalent psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety disorder) by 5% compared to baseline (based on the results of the National Mental Health Survey). 9- Reducing the prevalence of drug abuse by 5% compared to the base year. 10-Reducing the prevalence of alcohol consumption by 5% compared to the base year. 11-Improvement of social health indicators by 5% compared to the base year (based on the results of the indicators of the Iranian social health scale in the National Survey of 2014) 12-Improving the quality of care for chronic non communicable diseases by 30% compared to base year. 13- Increasing the number of health protection places (place of residence, study, work, recreation, worship, and provision of services and neighborhoods) to 15% of the base year until the end of the program. 14- Decreasing of sugar, fat, and salt of food to standard levels declared by the Ministry of Health. 15- Increasing the safety of health units in terms of functional readiness, structural and non-structural safety status up to 50% of the status quo. 16- Improving preparedness of the population covered by health care centers for disasters to the extent of 50% of the existing situation. 17-Reducing the deaths of target groups including infants, children, and pregnant mothers. 18- Improvement of the evolutionary level of children up to 20% (in the fields of talking, counting as well as physical, social, emotional, and educational situations). 19-Promoting total fertility rates up to alternative rate. Based on stakeholders’ perspectives, three major strategies were proposed: 1) Promoting health literacy and empowering people; 2) Inter-sectoral collaboration for safe environments and health policies; and 3) Developing primary health care network services (PHC). In order to establish and ensure the implementation of the above-mentioned aims, redesigning of the principles in the health services network of the country is necessary. Accordingly, 18 principles have been designed, for example: 1) Establishing the rights and duties of citizens’ health (self-care and participation. 2) Being responsible for the burden of diseases, especially non-communicable diseases and social injuries. 3) Assisting the process of equitable improving of citizens’ quality of life. 4) Making strategic purchases by hiring well-educated staff capable of updating themselves. 5) Providing services actively, social marketing for utilization of the services, and the other 13 principles. Totally six national programs were proposed based on the three major strategies and 18 principles in the provision of comprehensive health services to gradually develop throughout the country by the end of the eleventh government. In developing these programs, three axes of political support, operational capacity building, and culture promotion were taken into account. In a study conducted in the eighties, it was determined that the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, based on the analysis of the role and share of devices at that time, had the range between 14% to 17% of the share in improving the health of the population, so as long as other devices would not do their defined share and role, it is not expected to improve the situation of the health indicators. The implementation of the proposed plan requires the provision of contextual factors, such as redesigning the organizational structure of health system (from staff to line level), determining the expectations of other deputies of the Ministry of Health and medical universities, as well as defining the role and sharing of non-health sectors.

The type of adolescent attitude toward health issues and their orientation to health seeking behaviors can guarantee their current and future physical, mental and social health and leads to increase the healthy life expectancy for population. The main purpose of this research is the study of socio-demographic determinants of health-seeking behaviors among a sample of 670 adolescents 12 to 18 years-old in Tehran. This research is a quantitative research and it has been carried out by the survey method. The mean of total score of this index obtained for "boys" 54/2 and for girls 52/3 than 100. According to the multivariate analysis and path analysis of 26 factors, the most important socio-demographic and religious variables that affecting the health-seeking behaviors of adolescent respectively are 9 variables: “Attention of around individuals to the health”, “age”, “adolescent attitude on health”, “religious behaviors”, “father's education”, “age interval between children”, “family size”, “religious attitudes”, and “marital status of parents”. These variables could explain about 36 percent of the health behaviors variances among adolescents.. Based on the social determinants paradigm, in this study religious and social factors, compared with demographic variables, have greater weight in explaining the healthy behaviors of adolescents. To provide a comprehensive analysis of the status of health beliefs and behaviors of adolescents. intervention of other psychological and structural components in addition to these variables is necessary.

Health is one of the most important needs of humans. Healthy people can perform social roles completely and in competition with others can obtain good positions. For this reason, attention to health and its distribution is one of the most interesting fields of investigation in sociology, because it is related to social justice and good governance in all societies. On the other hand, health inequalities exist in all societies and countries. New studies show that inequalities in health distribution are deepened in recent years among different groups of people inside countries, among poor and reach countries alike. These observations and scientific facts confronts sociologists with very important and basic question. What are the reasons of these health inequalities? After World War II, sociologists entered to medical institutions and universities and studied health problems in order to answer this important question. They stated that if health, illness and disease were entirely biological in origin then we would expect the incidence to be similar across geographical locations and social groupings. However this is not the case and the social patterns of health provides evidence that disease and illness do not affect all sectors of society equally.Methods and Materials: This study examines the impact of social factors on health inequalities among residents of urban areas in the city of Tabriz. Environmental, social and economic variables are considered as independent variables. Presuming to affect the health status of people in the community. Therefore, specific attention is paid to people's health awareness, education, health literacy, social support and lifestyle along with other variables such as education, socio-economic status, work and living conditions. This study is an effort towards contribution of sociologists in research activities related to health inequalities among people. Sample size included 650 families, living in Tabriz. The research method is survey and citizens among 15-65 year old were eligible to enter in the study. The main research question is whether or not social factors can influence physical health outcomes, mental and individual perceptions of health status in Tabriz? Demographic factors and lifestyle considered as independent variables and their effects on health were examined using appropriate statistical methods. Health, as a dependent variable, was measured through SF36 questionnaire, which is known as a health related quality of life questionnaire. It has 8 dimensions, 4 of which are related to physical health, and 4 to mental health. Discussion of Results and The results of this study showed that, compared to women, men have higher levels of health scores (75/7 vs. 71/5), and people with high education have health scores higher than those with law education. This research proved the effectiveness of health awareness, education, healthy lifestyle and social protection of citizens on increase of health level. Also, an indirect and powerful correlation was observed among age and health related quality of life. This result shows that aging is a very important variable in health status of people. Aged people have mental health problems in particular. On the other hand, there were very significant differences between men and women in mental health scores. Women have a very bad condition in this regard. The results of this study showed the importance of social factors in health inequalities among citizens. As a result, attention should be paid to social factors and attempts should be made to diminish social and economic inequalities and discriminations in society.

An important priority in society is attention to health and longevity، and trying for its maintenance and improvement. In current study the effects of social، economic، and environmental determinants of life expectancy were estimated for West Pacific Region (WPR) based on the Grossman (1972) theoretical model. Multiple long-linear regression model and Panel data of 1995-2007 periods for WPR countries was used. Based on Hausman test، Parameters were estimated by fixed effect model (Least Squares Dummy Variable). The results of WPR estimated model have shown a positive and significant relationship between per capita income، education، employment rate، One-year-old immunized with Measles-Containing Vaccine (p<0. 01)، urbanization (p<0. 05) and life expectancy. The economic stabilization policies such as increasing productivity and economic growth، and reducing unemployment، play a significant role in people’s health in these regions. On the other hand، policies related to improving health system efficiency، particularly revision on financing and health services provision systems، are keys for health and longevity improvement

intorduction: Social capital is a well - known social determinant of health. This study intends to determine the relation between social capital and social health indicators and show how social capital influences social health. one of the specific type of correlation study is ecologic or aggregate study in which research unit is group not individual، we used this kind of study. Social health indicators and social capital data were gathered from formal institution and national survey of measuring social capital in Iran in 2007. To analyze data، SPSS 15 was used. The results show that there are significant relationships between social capital and poverty، population growth rate، violence، literacy rate، unemployment and insurance coverage as social health indicators and there are positive correlation between social capital and poverty، population growth rate and unemployment. Altogether، the correlation between social capital and total social health (calculated by principal component analysis) in Iran is significant (r = -0. 54، p value = 0. 001). based on 0. 30 coefficient of determination، 30 percent of variance in social health can be explained by social capital. Positive correlation between social capital and poverty، population growth rate and unemployment can be explained by this view that، on the one hand، predominant type of social capital in developing provinces of Iran is old social capital with intra group relationships، restricted and specific trust. On the other hand، old (traditional) social capital in developed provinces of Iran was eroded and new (modern) social capital didn’t form، therefore we can see distorted and unequal development in this province such as Tehran and Esfahan. Thus in order to social health promotion and improvement we need to pay attention to various kind of social capital، especially new social capital in health policy and planning.

during recent years social determinants of health had been the most complex subject on the domain of health policy. The social determinants of health are social condition that people live and work and they affect the personal health, community health and social health and even the health pattern. The main object of this study is to review the studies witch related to the status of four structural social determinants of health including income, gender, education and ethnicity during 1379-1385 in Iranian children and the documentation of the result of these studies are according world health organization model. In this descriptive study (review), studies had been searched with 28 keywords in Iranian electronically databases as such as Irandoc.ac.ir, www.iranmedex.com, www.sid.ir, www.magiran.com and many universities in Tehran. After passing several stages of screening, we found 40 studies related to gender and health, 16 studies related to income and health, 40 studies related to education and health and 6 studies related to ethnicity and health. Information of these researches were classified and described. R.M, Excel and SPSS were used in this study. In the determinant of gender and health in childhood, the difference between two genders about weight and height of newborn, low birth weight and malnutrition was observed, but in dental caries, impaired vision and hearing, the deference was not significant. About mental health, mental disease and disorders also the result of studies were not similar but suicide attempting in girls was more reported. In the income determinant almost all the studies showed the more frequency in health problems is in the groups with lower income and it showed significant relation between income and health status. It showed inverse relation between household income and food consumption pattern and / or household calories consumption, also significant relation between income status and malnutrition and obesity, skull youth index, health behavior, weight of child and rate of dmf was observed. In the studies of mental health and income also the frequency of symptoms and mental disorders in low income groups and significant relationship between mental health and income was observed. In education determinant category, almost all educational interventions were effective. About literacy and health, prevalence of LBW neonate of mothers with lower education was higher and there is a significant relation between maternal education and child weight. However statistical significant relationship between maternal education and the period of breastfeeding was not found. The result of studies showed inverse statistical significant relationship between level of education (parents) and child malnutrition, overweight and obesity. Statistical significant relationship between father education and child obesity was also shown. In parasitic infections there was inverse statistical relation between level of education (parents) and hair pediculus, entrobiosis. Results of studies about mental health and education were not similar but the frequency of attempted suicide in the group with lower education was higher. In ethnicity determinant, there was a little studies and the results were showed the ethnicity difference in weight and height of neonate, cloven lips and palate, malformation of neurotic tube in neonate, diarrhea. The health difference between two genders, the different income, educational level and different ethnicity observed. The result of this study could use in developing policy recommendations and suggest some principles to ground those policy choices.