جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « social integration » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The migratory experience presents complex challenges as migrants navigate their identities within host societies. These challenges can lead either to successful integration into new communities or to a state of unresolved suspension. This duality is particularly relevant for elite migrants, where the trajectories of migration and potential return can act as critical indicators of societal conditions and development. This study examines the various processes and factors that shape the migration experience and the identity challenges confronted by migrants. Social identity is understood as a dynamic construct, continuously influenced by contextual evaluations. Using an interpretive approach and grounded theory method, the research draws insights from narrative interviews with 19 Iranian migrants in Germany, which were analyzed using a three-stage coding technique. The findings indicate that Iranian migrants often reassess their home society through a Western perspective, giving rise to feelings of identity dislocation. The encountered challenges can result in two primary pathways: a fragmented process of socialization that contributes to unresolved suspension, or successful integration into the host society. When integration is achieved, the likelihood of return decreases, as these individuals are more entrenched in their new environment. Conversely, those who experience unresolved suspension may continue their economic activities in the host country while struggling with a sense of liminality. This may ultimately compel them to return home due to the strong pull of social ties and the difficulties of establishing meaningful connections in the host society. This interplay of identity and belonging informs the broader understanding of the migrant experience in contemporary contexts.

Despite the attention given to the quality of life and well-being of the general population, relatively little focus has been placed on the quality of life of refugees and immigrants. This lack of attention stems from the fact that enhancing one's quality of life is one of the main motivations for migration. Immigrants often encounter new and discriminatory social and economic circumstances, including marginalization, minority status, socio-economic disadvantages, loss of social support, psychological distress, and difficulties in assimilating to the host culture. These factors have a profound impact on the well-being and quality of life of immigrants. In general, the quality of life experienced by immigrants is influenced by a combination of factors, some of which are specific to the individual immigrants themselves, such as their education, job skills, and mental and physical health, and others that are related to the host society, such as its cultural and economic conditions and policies towards immigrants. The interaction between these individual and societal aspects significantly shapes the quality of life of immigrants. Despite numerous studies conducted on the migration of Afghans to Iran, which have encompassed various aspects, such as identity, security, demographics, employment, mental health, women's status, quality of urban life, residential patterns, economic impacts, societal integration barriers, social distance, and social networks, there remains a dearth of research on the quality of life experienced by Afghan immigrants in Iran. The findings from several conducted research studies are still inconsistent. Despite the fact that Afghan immigrants have been living in Isfahan for a long time and that this province has got the third rank in terms of accepting Afghan immigrants, there has been no independent research conducted to assess their quality of life. This is significant considering the various consequences it can have on both the immigrants and the host society. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of Afghan immigrants in Isfahan, including its various dimensions. Additionally, the study aimed to identify and analyze the social factors that can have an impact on life quality, while trying to understand their influencing mechanisms.

The current research utilized descriptive-analytical and field survey approaches. The statistical population for this study consisted of Afghan immigrants aged 18 years and above, who were residing in Isfahan City. According to the population census of 2015 conducted by the Iran Statistics Center, there were a total of 1,831,224 Afghan nationals in Isfahan Province and 88,866 in Isfahan City (Statistics Center of Iran, 2015). Due to the logistical challenges and inability to reach all individuals across various cities, the research was confined to Isfahan City, particularly Zainabiyah Region, where the largest concentration of Afghan immigrants was found. The sample size was determined to be 330 individuals by using SPSS Sample Power software. After a thorough review and elimination of incomplete questionnaires, the total number of 321 completed questionnaires was selected for analysis.
For measurement of a variable, the World Health Organization's short scale consisting of 26 items was utilized. This scale encompassed 4 dimensions: physical health (7 items), mental health (5 items), social relations (6 items), and environmental health (8 items). The general questions were made regarding health status and quality of life. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this variable was determined to be 0.84. To assess religiosity, 17 items were employed and categorized into 4 dimensions: belief (4 items), rituals (6 items), emotion (4 items), and consequences (3 items). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this variable was estimated to be 0.86. The research items adopted by William et al. (1997) were employed to quantify the perception of discrimination. This 8-item scale has been extensively utilized in various countries to assess the perception of discrimination of immigrant groups. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this variable was approximated at 0.85. To measure this variable, the "short scale of social integration" (Holland and Grühn, 2018) was utilized. This variable comprised 12 items, which were categorized into 4 dimensions: social support, social satisfaction, social participation, and instrumental support. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this variable was estimated at 0.72.

According to the current research findings, it could be concluded that the majority of immigrants in Isfahan City had an average to high rate of quality of life, including psychological, social, environmental, and overall quality of life aspects with an average score of 3.35. More than 60% of the immigrants expressed satisfaction with their quality of life. The immigrants' satisfaction could be attributed to their modest expectations and the presence of cultural, religious, and linguistic similarities with Iranians. This had resulted in their satisfaction with living conditions in Iran, leading to a lack of desire to return to their home country. Furthermore, the respondents' overall assessment of quality of life supported the aforementioned assertion.
The findings of the present study aligned with those of other studies mentioned in the relevant literature, e.g., those of van der Boor et al. (2020) and Correa-Velez (2020), regarding social integration. Social integration generally leads to increased participation, solidarity, and creation of social capital, which positively impact immigrants’ quality of life and well-being. Engaging in social activities and taking social responsibility are crucial for achieving psychological and social balances. Trust and mutual respect play essential roles in building relationships. Various factors, including work environment, contribute to establishing these relationships. Work environment is particularly important for the immigrant community. Work relationships facilitate the integration process of immigrants into the host society as they shape immigrants’ "self and identity" within the community and provide opportunities for their social interactions. Additionally, due to religious similarities and homogeneity between Afghan immigrants and the people in our country, religion may influence social integration.
Religiosity was found to have a direct impact on the immigrants’ quality of life and an indirect effect through enhancing their social integration with the host society. Given that the majority of Afghan immigrants residing in Iran were Shiites, their religious similarity could facilitate their assimilation into the host society. This finding is in line with that of the research conducted by Sigert (2020). Additionally, Powell et al. (2000) indicated that engaging in religious organizations can enhance self-confidence and alleviate feelings of isolation and despair. Religiosity promotes the accumulation of social capital through participation in various religious rituals and possessing higher social capital is associated with an improved quality of life.
Perception of discrimination hinders social integration and detrimentally impacts the quality of life. Immigrants' perception of discrimination directly decreases their quality of life and impedes social integration. Social integration, in turn, reduces social division between immigrants and the receiving society. Discrimination against refugees comprises two dimensions: institutional discrimination enforced by the government and host society and non-institutional or social discrimination enforced by the broader society. In general, discriminatory actions and behaviors by governments or individuals, as well as the mental experience and perception of discrimination among immigrants, have a detrimental impact on their quality of life. The findings of this study revealed that the perception of discrimination indirectly diminished the quality of life for immigrants by hindering their social integration into the host society. Other studies have also demonstrated a significant negative correlation between the perception of discrimination and the related concepts of quality of life, such as well-being and contentment (e.g., Zhang et al., 2009; Kuppens & van den Broek, 2022; Bender et al., 2022). However, contrary to the theoretical model adopted by some previous research (e.g., Bender et al., 2022), no significant relationship between religiosity and perception of discrimination was discovered in the current study.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of the Afghan immigrant population in Iran, further investigations should be conducted from various perspectives. Specifically, it is recommended to carry out intergenerational studies to assess the quality of life and determine the levels of satisfaction among the first, second, and third generations of Afghan immigrants in Iran. Additionally, qualitative studies focusing on the quality of life experienced by Afghan immigrants will be beneficial.

Identity is one of the important issues facing humanity today, so that the issue of self-discovery is of great importance to different people. In general, identity is what makes a person different from one another.Regarding the importance of the subject in this research, using the field method, survey technique and the questionnaire's research tool, we seek to answer the main question: what is the relationship between different dimensions of social capital and national identity? The statistical population of this research is Kermanshah That is, 384 citizens of 18 years old up to this city have been examined as sample size.In order to answer the main question of this research, we have investigated and analyzed various dimensions of social capital such as social trust, social cohesion, social participation, social interaction and social consciousness as independent variables and its relation with national identity as dependent variable. The results of the research indicate that the rate of national identity tendency among the citizens of Kermanshah is too moderate and there is a significant direct and direct relationship between all the independent variables of the research with the dependent variable

This study was conducted with the aim of "pathology of urban development of Arak metropolis and its relationship with social health" in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, based on the opinions of experts, which included psychologists, sociologists, psychiatrists and social specialists and senior municipal managers, they were purposefully selected and a questionnaire on urban development injuries was prepared and compiled. The questionnaire was then given to 384 citizens over the age of 18 living in Arak (citizens of Arak) and they were asked to comment on the importance of each injury as a 5-choice range (very low-very high) in the questionnaire. To make. The results obtained in this section showed that the ambiguity of the mission and organizational goals (structural damage) , the existing organizational chart (structural damage) , not using the views of the client (underlying damage) , lack of knowledge of work standards (behavioral damage) , lack Employee awareness and knowledge (behavioral harm) , lack of citizen participation in urban management (underlying harm) , inability to provide income sources (structural harm) , organizational culture in employee performance (behavioral harm) and lack of employee performance monitoring (behavioral harm) Damages are urban development. Then, the relationship between urban development harms and social health was distributed among the same 384 citizens over the age of 18 living in Arak (citizens of Arak) and the hypotheses were examined and analyzed. The results showed that there is a relationship between urban development of Arak metropolis with social integration (solidarity)

  Existing facts denote that happiness is not in an appropriate state in Iran and Illam province, while nowadays happiness is one of the most important elements of development and welfare and crucial factor in social order too. Current research tried to study and identify effective factors on happiness in Illam province and make some recommendations to increase it. After review of literature and identify the most effective variables on happiness in previous researches, the theoretical debates have been studied and categorized in philosophical, religious and scientific (sociology and psychology) fields. There are three general approaches in social sciences and psychology including cognitive, social and critical that address happiness. Current research was based on social approach. It has three subcategories that theoretical framework has been formulated based on them: collective behaviors (Durkheim’s approach), cultural and historical characteristics (Inglehart’s theory) and institutional processes (Giddens’s approach). Methodologically, current research was a mixed design that has been conducted in exploratory design. In first step, qualitative method has been implemented. The data gathered by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis. Then, the metric has been designed for survey. In qualitative section, the participants are 48 who have been chosen by purposive sampling. They have been consisted of two groups: ordinary people (36) and experts & researchers (12). In quantitative section, the multi-stage cluster sampling has been used and sample size has been 744. The quantitative data have been analyzed by SPSS statistical software and presented at two descriptive and inferential levels. Maxwell’s model of validity including descriptive, interpretive and theoretical validity has been used in qualitative section. In quantitative part, validity has been examined by face validity. Reliability has been confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
Discussion of Results and The main identified themes that have been drawn are four including: First, happiness as liberty which has two sub-themes: negative liberty (being free from any unpleasant factor that is preventive of peace and good life) and positive liberty (having necessary facilities for pursuit goals and priorities of life). The Second theme is happiness as adjustment which means harmony and fitness between subjective and objective conditions of life. Third, happiness as life satisfaction or positive evaluation of life, and the forth one is happiness ass power that being able to accept and dealing with troubles and unpleasant affaires and their negative consequences. In addition, the results of statistical analysis show that the relationship between such variables as social trust, wealth, ontological security, social integration, religiousness and kinship relations with happiness has been indirect. Anomie has had an inverse effect on happiness. The findings of path analysis show that amongst variables that have been studied, social trust has strongest impact on happiness. It could be said that due to decrease of social trust, social integration and kinship relations have been weaken and anomie has increased. Anomie, in turn, leads to decrease in ontological security. The final result of this cycle is decrease in happiness.
Based on findings, six general strategies have been formulated to improve happiness, including economic and expanding welfare strategy, reconstruction of community, educational strategy, the management of urban spaces, develop of sport facilities and complexes, and political development. In sum, regarding to such criteria as efficiency, effectiveness, popular acceptance, enforceability and fiscal & budget issues, it seems that “reconstruction of community” could be the best and most important strategy for making policies to improve happiness in Illam province. This strategy has been operational in three recommendations including strengthen social integration, recover and rejuvenate tradition and rehabilitate social gaps

The present study attempts to investigate the social integration of prisoners via a grounded theory approach. It is aimed to explain a model for successful social integration of female offenders. In this qualitative study, the data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 women who had a record in the Welfare Services Organization, and all of whom have had previous experience of being in the prison. Then, using a grounded theory approach, the data were analyzed and coded. The exploratory findings of the study show that various factors contribute to the formation of the core category, that is, “social integration as a move towards the normalization of life and social adaptation” of women; and other contextual factors such as personal characteristics, being supported and not rejected by the family and access to capitals are significant too. Moreover, intervention factors such as maternal motivation, empowerment and rehabilitation of women, and not using drugs influence the process of social integration. Analytical findings indicate that the strategies and solutions for social integration of women have two categories of environmental appropriateness and sanitation, and the development of social networks. Ultimately, all these factors and strategies contribute to satisfaction from life, adaptability and social organization, or in other words, social integration of women.

Social Integration is one of the basic concepts and also the starting point of sociological analysis and its analysis is considered as one of the foundations of the contemporary sociology. Social Integration deals with how people and society interact. It focuses on the exploration, and explanation of the interrelationship between the individual and the Society. The study of social integration in different organizations (for example, the university) and at different levels (for example, students) has been of interest for some researchers. Based on the theory of social bonding, the four main elements create social integration which is comparable to the Four Elements of Parson's Functionalist theory. In the present research, multiple scale of social integration (Ross and Strauss, 1995) has been used which is based on Hirschi's theory of social bonding. The study was a survey and data were collected from 200 female and male students of Isfahan university. The results of study indicate that, the degree of social integration of the students is high (72%). There is no significant difference in the social integration between male and females. Components of social integration including commitment, beliefs, attachment, and reported involvement are correspondent to elements of Parsons model (AGIL), respectively, goal attainment (G), the latency of patterns (L), integration (I) and adaptation (A).

In recent decades, alongside increasing in rate and changing in types of crimes in Iran, the rate of formal related punishments or special crimes by penal system, have also increased. These punishments which sometimes had been performing publicly have different reactions in society and public opinion which are qualified for scientific and empirical inquiries. The aim of this survey is the assessment of formal punishments’effect on public attitude toward crime through “Deterrence principle” and “reinforcement of social integration” .The research population consists of all citizens above 18 years old in Khomeini Shahr, Isfahan. 171 people were selected from total population as the research sample by cluster sampling technique. Findings show that generally, Khomeini Shahr citizens have a negative attitude toward the spectrum of studied crimes. Furthermore, there is a relationship between awareness and assessment of execution of formal punishments with deterrence principle and reinforcement of social integration. Results were explained by theories of social control, social integration and deterrence.

The role and function of women prisons indicate that despite the fact that a legal supervisory system for enforcing criminal laws and punishments and maintaining social order is required, rehabilitation is also of great importance. The present case study examines Arak women prison. The population consisted of all 44 women prisoners. The study was conducted through survey research (questionnaire) in spring 1394/2015. Based on the hypotheses, it seems that the prisoners’ satisfaction with prison environment was at average level. Emotional problems before entering the prison were influential in committing crimes by the prisoners. There was a relationship between mental health of those in charge of prison and the prisoners’ satisfaction, and rehabilitation methods were also effective in assistingthe prisoners to return to society. The research data was analyzed by SPSS Software and the results confirmed the hypotheses.

Desirable transition of contemporary society of Iran from traditional to modern order requires political participation of citizens. To achieve this participation, important prerequisites including social capital are required. In this regard, social capital is an important factor which determination of its role andeffects on political participation and activating its potential force are being considered in scientific communities recently. Recognition of social capital is important to provide political participation and to facilitate political development and promotion of democracy. Therefore, it has been assumed that social capital increases individuals’ potential of political action and increases the probability of their political engagement. Accordingly, present research examines the relation between social capital and political participation among citizens applying Robert Putnam’s theory.
Using a mixture of multi-stages cluster, systematic random and simple random sampling methods, 383 citizens aged 18-65 years old at city of Qom participated in this survey study.
Findings: There was a positive relation between all components of social capital and political participation among Qom citizens. Although according to results of the multiple regression analysis, out of four predictor variables including social trust, social integration, knowledge and informal social participation, only two variables of knowledge and informal social participation had direct effect on political participation giving more weight to knowledge. However, results of the path analysis showed that all of these four variables had affected political participation of Qom citizens directly, indirectly and simultaneously (both direct and indirect). Knowledge, informal social participation, social trust and social solidarity had the most influence respectively. Therefore, citizens with higher political participation are those who have more knowledge, social trust, informal social participation and show more consistency with values and norms of the society.
Although knowledge, social trust, informal social participation and social integration had effects on citizens’ political participation directly and indirectly,knowledge is the central part of social capital that increases citizens’ political participation while strengthening its other elements. In addition, considering mutual relations among elements of social capital, strengthening knowledge can positively influence other components of social capital such as social integration, social trust (especially institutional trust) and informal social participation. In fact, whatever knowledge element be more qualified, on-time and practical in public spheres (social-political), it will resulted to rising of citizens’ political participation at higher and more levels.

There are mental influencing factors among students in the educational context such as educational stress, ethnic and cultural contradictions and the existence of political, belief, racial as well as gender discrimination, which can affect various aspects of student life and the health of this stratum, especially their social dimension could be endangered. Regarding the relationship between language, as a fundamental cultural component, and social health which has not been studied in social health research. In other words, the language of different ethnicities can provide unity, integrity, coherence and participation, or can a common language affect health and its social dimension or not? This study aims to answer the mentioned question by investigating bilingual students (ethnicities) and the monolinguals (those who speak only one language). In the following, we intend to explain what factors affect the social health of each group? The method of this study was survey and data was collected through questionnaires. The statistical population is Sanandaj University students and the sample included 384 individuals by the Cochran formula. The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between the total social health and its dimensions in the two groups of students in favor of bilingual students, and the variables such as age, marriage, field of study, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs and communication skills were influential on the social health of both groups. Also, the results of the regression showed that 29% of the influence on the dependent variable of this study was interpreted by the independent variables. In addition, the communication skill is the strongest variable predictor with a rate of 66%.

Return migration is an important but less studied issue in migration literature. This paper aims to study the levels and determinants of intention of Afghan youth toward returning to Afghanistan or staying in Iran. The data is drawn from a sample survey among Afghan youth 15-29 conducted in Mashhad and Tehran cities in 2010. The results are indicative of low willingness and intention of Afghan youth (especially for second-generation Afghans) to return to Afghanistan, and inversely, their high intention to stay in Iran for short- and mid-term periods. Multivariate analysis revealed that several socio-demographic factors affect migration options and strategies. Gender, education, generation, SES, length of family’s residence in Iran, adaptation patterns, social satisfaction, sense of discrimination, and neighborhood situation were found as important determinants of migration strategies. In conclusion, return migration is not only influenced by demographic and individual factors, but also, it is significantly affected by contextual and structural conditions.

A fracture in social-spatial structure of cities in current developmental programs، the growth in urbanization، and changes in the nature and complexity of urban issues have led to an inefficiency in urban planning and management on a massive scale. Such an issue، more often than not، calls for a need to pay attention to lower levels and to have a bottom-up look to find a permanent solution to these urban issues. In this regard، attention to social capital as an available asset in the communities of such residences seems to be an appropriate solution to achieve sustainable development. The present study، utilizing social capital as an asset-based approach، aims at elaborating on sustainable local development and its components and the impact on sustainability achievement at the neighborhood level in the Narmak neighborhood of the city of Tehran. To estimate sample size، Cochran’s formula was utilized، according to which 383 participants from Narmak neighborhood residents were randomly selected to be given questionnaires. The research is based on the hypothesis that there is a significant correlation between social capital in local communities and sustainable local development. The factors under investigation were extracted from national and international experiences and studies and tested using survey and questionnaire in Tehran’s Narmak neighborhood. To determine a relationship between social capital and sustainable local development، Pearson correlation test was used. The results indicated that the Pearson correlation coefficient between all the factors of social capital and those of sustainable development is over 92 percent، indicating a significant positive relationship among social capital and sustainable local development factors.

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting on high school student's cultural deviance in Fereydunkenar City.
The method employed in the present study is a cross-sectional survey research and for collecting the data, a researcher-made questionnaire is used. The population of the research consists of high school students of Fereydunkenar City. The sample size was evaluated to be equal as 300 participants using Cochran formula and the sampling was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling. The findings of the research indicate that using satellites and using the Internet have positive and significant correlation with cultural deviance. However, the correlation of the variables of bonding with family and bonding with religion is negative and significant. The results of standard coefficients in structural equations indicate that the variables of using satellites with 0.43, using the Internet with 0.26, bonding with family with -0.26 and bonding with religion with -0.23 respectively have the most effects on the variable of cultural deviance. In addition, the independent variables of the research explain about 44 percents of the variations of cultural deviance.

Social health is one of the development indicators in society and it can play a vital role in community development. Social health can be improved through better productivity and enhanced leisure. This paper attempts to answer the fundamental question of whether social leisure activities affect the health or not? If the impact is positive، how will be the relationship between the of rate and the types of leisure and social health of individuals? Research Method is cross-applied and cross-sectional in broad range. The target population in this research is Youth 15 to 29 years in cities of East Azerbaijan Province. The sample size is 594 which is selected the Cochran formula. Based on the results، the average level of respondents'' social health and leisure is lower than average. Also، there is a significant relationship between leisure activities and social health. Regression analysis indicated that 18. 1% of the variation of social health concerned to the style of leisure. Among the dimensions of Leisure، art leisure has the more and business Leisure the least impact on the respondent''s social health، and impact practical leisure on social health is not significant.

The concept of the quality of life has a special place in the literature on sustained development. The quality of life is one’s understanding of his or her present status and his or her positive evaluation of his life and environment. The purpose of the preset paper is to explore the interrelationships between variables and the survey and data have been collected through questionnaires and interviews. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured through Cronbach’s Alpha (a=0.78).The research population was the population of Kashan in 2012 and the Cochran’s formula gave the sample size of 610 people who were selected through proportionate random sampling. Results of Pearson Correlation showed positive relations between religiosity, self-satisfaction, social tendencies, needs fulfillment and the quality of life (r=0.388, 0.487, 0.261, 0.334 and 0.709 respectively). Regression results were 0.12, 0.30, 0.14, 0.16 and 0.60 respectively.

Intergenerational solidarity is and important phenomenon for strengthening social cohesion and is an important immediate mechanism that has major role in the transfer of knowledge from generation to generation. But the distance between parents and youth, among generations, and this gap exists between the social system, with profound social problems facing the generation gap in the process in terms of cultural and religious values occurs between generations. The overall objective of this study determines the factors affecting the intergenerational solidarity between parents and children of Zanjan. In this study, statistical population, are all individuals aged between 15-54 years married in Zanjan city are based on the Lin for the sample population over 500 thousand people. The preposition to lack sampling frame method is cluster(multi-stage). The results showed the differences were statistically significant in terms of consistency between the old and new generation. Between men and women, there are significant generational differences. The use of mass media on the impact of intergenerational solidarity. Also significant is the effect of education on intergenerational solidarity. This finding also confirms that the number of old and new families members and different generation of cohesion and integration between generation have not a significant amount of leisure time.