جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اعتماد عمومی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Police forces are recruited from among people with certain characteristics, and police always seek to further equip officers with suitable characteristics to maintain security. Various issues such as acting in compliance with the law, providing security, and treating people fairly; altogether create trust, which is a capital for maintaining unity in social systems and fostering democratic values. Creating a positive and influential image for this organization is important; because the police need the citizens to accompany it; and establishing order and security without the collaboration of the society members could be difficult. Awareness of the mentality of the individuals in society plays a significant role in police performance, and given the importance of the two concepts of the citizens’ mental model and public trust in the police, the present research has investigated the mutual impacts of these two on each other.

The research is of applied type in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of the research includes people living in Tehran. Using Cochran’s formula for an unlimited population, 384 people were selected as a sample. The research tool included a questionnaire of citizens’ mental patterns and public trust in the police, whose validity and reliability have been confirmed.

The results show that the components of citizens’ mental patterns have a significant impact on public trust in the police, and the component of the security model has the greatest impact on public trust in police, and given the degree of effectiveness in public trust in police, the components are respectively the functional model, ethics and professionalism.

The studied sample has a positive view of the police and the image of the police is neither neutral nor negative. To gain more public trust, the police need to pay attention to the components of citizens’ mental patterns.

Work hope, as one of the dimensions of social hope, can lead to the promotion of economic and social resilience in society. In order to investigate this index, the present article studies the demographic and socio-economic factors affecting work hope in Tehran. Data of 1200 respondents were collected through a questionnaire and multi-stage stratified sampling in 2017 and analyzed applying GSEM. Findings showed that women comparing to men, the unemployed compared to the employed and residents of less-developed and middle-developed areas comparing to developed and more developed areas had less work hope. By increasing age and psychological insecurity feeling, work hope decreases and by increasing number of educational years and organizational trust, work hope increases. the significant indirect effects of the number of children, the number of hours using Internet and the socio-economic insecurity feeling showed that increasing these variables reduces the work hope. The results also showed that failure to meet the job expectations of respondents, especially women, the unemployed, residents of less developed area and the elderly leads to polarization of society and formation of class divisions. The policy message of the present study is that in order to spread work hope among the citizens of Tehran, the positive impact of educational level and organizational trust variables, especially among residents of developed area should be used as a valuable opportunity.

One of the ways that government officials and government agencies can serve as citizens and citizens in protecting citizens 'rights is effectively addressing citizens' complaints. In fact, addressing and addressing public complaints is one of the safeguards of citizenship. This research seeks to provide an optimal model for gaining public trust in the Complaints System and Inspection Agency's announcements.In this research, a survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. The study population was consist of customers and users of the complaint handling system and the organization's inspection reports in Mazandaran province comprising equal numbers of 24884 people. The sample size was 378 persons. Questionnaires was distributed based on systematic sampling method. The results resulted in the formulation of a model.The results of the compilation model for explaining the changes in the success rate of public trust in the inspection system complaints system shows that significant effect of external variable on customer characteristics and internal variables of technology, Website quality and organization features on public trust in the system. The overall results show that by improving the quality of the website, the status of the technology and features of the organization can be expected customers' characteristics are more likely to be met, and their level of trust in the complaints system will increased.

ABSTRACTToday, along with human and economic capital, there is another capital called social capital, and the extend of methods and solutions of maintain or strengthening it has attracted the attention of scholars such as Coleman, Putnam, Bourdieu, Fukuyama, Arrow, Baker and… The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between media consumption and social capital among active population (15-64 years old) in Hamedan province by descriptive survey method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research consisted of all 15-64 year olds in Hamedan province. Using cluster sampling, 384 of them were selected as sample. In general, it can be said that the social capital of active population in Hamedan province was moderate, because the average social capital of respondents was 3 (from the range of 1-5). The mean media consumption by respondents during the week was 40.31. The findings also show that there is a relationship between the independent variables of gender, age, education, place of residence, marital status and media consumption with the dependent variable of social capital. However, there is no relationship between the independent variable of socio-economic class and the dependent variable of social capital.

The Safavid rule(907-1135 AH/1502-1722 AD) fell in spite of its initial prosperity and as a result of internal invasion of the Cholzai Afghan in (1135 AH 1722 AD). In this article by explaining and analyzing the characteristics of public trust , and examining the status of public trust and confidence in Safavid Iranian society, an attempt is made to answer the question of whether the economic system of Svafid Iran had the necessary conditions and cultural and social capacities necessary  for sustainable growth and development and even becoming a step in the path of  a capitalist system? Based on this , in this research with descriptive-analytical approach and using the sources and documents of library history and by explaining and analyzing the characteristics of trust, the possibility of sustainable growth and the development of the Iranian economy in the Sfavid period has been studied based on Zetomka’s theory. In this factor study, the findings of this study show that the prevalence of a combination of social and cultural factor such as density, corruption, bribery, hypocrisy, modernism and the lack of risk and the main effective components in reducing trust and social capital in this periods have been considered. The research finding indicates that it can be concluded the economic system of Safavid period in terms of fragile status of low social capital and low social trust and as a result of low social participation, public trust lacks the necessary capacity to keep Iranians in development orbit and continuation of the prosperity and the facilities necessary for sustainable growth and development did not provide.

Hamedan is one of the provinces of Iran with a full-fledged mirror of the diversity of Iranian society. On the other hand, like other provinces, it has undergone changes due to the experience of development programs. Hamedan is a combination of different ethnic groups of Persians, Lors, Turks and Kurds that today more than ever before are integrated into each other and are in daily interaction and communication with each other. In the context of such diversity, the issue of trust and social participation is of considerable importance.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social trust and social participation in Hamadan province. This study is conducted by a quantitative method. The statistical population consists of all people aged over 15 years living in 9 cities of the province, which is 612449 people. A samples of 800 individuals have been selected for the analysis. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire.

The results have indicated that, in general, the level of social trust is low with an average of 42.41% in the study population. Meanwhile, institutional trust is lower than other dimensions of trust with an average of 38.56. The level of social participation is also high with 89.61. Informal participation is lower than formal participation. The results of the hypothesis test have indicated that the variables of gender, income and education have no significant relationship with social trust and social participation. But the relationship between age and participation is significant and negative; that is, as people get older, participation decreases. Both the variables of trust and its dimensions (institutional, public and interpersonal trust) have a significant relationship with social participation. Regression results have also indicated that, in general, the research variables could predict 0.63% of changes in social participation.

In general, based on the findings, it can be said that social participation is a difficult task without improving the level of social trust in the cities of Hamadan province. Therefore, raising the level of social trust, especially institutional trust, is a necessity. The proper functioning of institutions, especially those that deal directly with the people, is crucial. Institutions such as banks, municipalities, law enforcement, the judiciary, etc. are decisive in this regard.

The investigation of factors that lead to increasing or decreasing hope for the future in a society is important. The present article seeks to investigate the demographic and socio-economic factors affecting hope for the future in Tehran. The sample of this study consists of 1200 married people (610 women and 590 men) living in Tehran. Data were collected using a questionnaire technique and multi-stage sampling method with proportional allocation in the second half of 2016. The results showed that with increasing age, the number of children, the feelings of socio-economic insecurity and psychological insecurity, hope for the future decreases. While, with the increase of organizational trust, the number of educational years and the general trust of the respondents, hope for the future increases. These results indicate that there is no suitable socio-economic and psychological context to meet the expectations of the respondents, especially for educated people and those who have more children, and therefore their hope for the future has decreased. Hence, we should have a doubt in the quality and sustainability of demographic phenomenon, when there is socio-economic and psychological insecurity in a society. And the general result of these conditions can be the deviation of population behaviors from a balance status and problematization of quality and quantity levels of population metabolism.

This research seeks to provide an optimal model for gaining public trust in the Complaints System and Inspection Agency's announcements.In this research, a survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. The study population was consist of customers and users of the complaint handling system and the organization's inspection reports in Mazandaran province comprising equal numbers of 24884 people. The sample size was 378 persons. Questionnaires was distributed based on systematic sampling method. The results resulted in the formulation of a model.The results of the compilation model for explaining the changes in the success rate of public trust in the inspection system complaints system shows that significant effect of external variable on customer characteristics and internal variables of technology, Website quality and organization features  on public trust in the system. The overall results show that by improving the quality of the website, the status of the technology and features of the organization can be expected customers' characteristics are more likely to be met, and their level of trust in the complaints system will increased.

The major goal of this study is political participation, highlighting the role of social trust. In fact, how social trust and political participation are united is analyzed and assessed. Since political participation is one of the key traits in social and political progress, influential factors need to be pointed out indeed. So the main focus of this study is to find the relationship between social trust and political participation. In addition to trust, five other basic variables have been concentrated on by the researcher. These include gender, age, education, marital status, and mental class. The theoretical framework is according to the comments of Lipst, Almond and Verba, Engleheart, Nelson and Huntington, etc. Political participation is the entry into the arena that has led to the fulfillment of a collective will or hinders its realization. Michael Rush sees political participation as being involved in various levels of an activity in the political system, from non-conflict to having a political official. The fundamental idea behind the participation is to accept the principle of equality of people, and its purpose is to promote intellectual, cooperative, and collaborative efforts to improve the quality and quantity of life in all social, economic, and political fields. In this study, in order to measure the impact of social trust on political participation, a combination of theories of social scientists and sociologists has been taken into consideration. In his book entitled Political Person, Lipst explains political participation. In the book, he tries to explain the political participation of individuals,groups, and social groups based on several general social determinants, using his own sociological model. In his opinion, people participate in the following: 1. Their interests are heavily exposed to government policies, such as dependence on the government as its employee, if they are not exposed to economic constraints or have moral-religious values affected by government policies. 2. Access to information that identifies the relationship between political decisions, interests, and their interests, such as the direct and obvious effects of government policies, job training, empirical general insight, and leisure time are among the most influential factors. 3. People vote if they are exposed to social pressures; pressures, such as deprivation and alienation, the strength of the political class organization, and the level of social contact. 4. Finally, the crossover pressures, that is, individuals do not vote for the compulsion and pressure of the political parties, which have opposing interests, in different directions and in different ways, providing different information. Inglehtar also explains the increase in participation by promoting education and political information, changing the norms governing women’s participation and changing value priorities. In his view, the variables of formal education, socioeconomic status, skill levels,information, communication skills, career experience, organizational networks, and the reduction of sexual differences in social and political tasks affect the increase in participation. Giddens mentions the three dynamics of modernity, the titles of the separation of time and place, from rebelliousness and appropriation. These factors have changed the model of trust in contemporary modern society; he mentions the impact of communication systems (media) on the formation of micro-level characteristics, trust in the process of socialization and personal identity, the trust of individuals in abstract and political systems, mechanisms in the current world, and the main areas of trust in a traditional world that either destroyed or neglected the traditional kinship system, local community, and religion. According to Putnam, the commonplace traditions and norms in society, including trust and cooperation are among the most important determinants of political participation. In some areas of the world where civil traditions, with trust in interpersonal relations and high public confidence, are witnessing active political participation, but political partnerships  also decrease in the areas where the norms of trust and cooperation are low. Thus, trust, both among individuals and in the political trust of individuals in government, is shaped by factors, such as the rethinking process and the impact of information,the access and use of a variety of media, and other mechanisms in the modern society. Robert Putnam pointed to the fluctuations of political participation in social capital, where social trust was one of the important dimensions of Putnam’s definition of social capital. Thus, Putnam’s theory as one of the most appropriate theories in this field can provide a coherent framework for analyzing the relationship between social trust and political participation. This study is among those surveying research studies that use questionnaires to collect data. The subjects were the people of Gorgan, and 407 of them were chosen as a sample and the proper classes were chosen and studied using random sampling. To confirm the variable credit of the study, the formal credit method was used. Besides, the fixity of the tools was also calculated by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, which are respectively 782 and 780 for social trust and political participation. The findings of this study show that the average level of political participation is 825.2 out of 5. The level of social trust of the responses was also average. The average of political participation of men was more than that of women, and that of the married was found to be more than the single. The highest political participation was between the 50 to 59 year-old people. The result of all these theories showed that there is a positive relationship among social trust and its aspects (institutional trust, public trust and people trust) together with political participation with its aspects (election behavior and active participation). The results of regression analysis show that generally 061.0% of the changes in variables is assessed via other variables, like social trust, age, sex, marital status, and education. According to the results, when people trust the government, institutions and organs become active participants in political incidence and happenings. As the social trust increases in the society, people participate more inpolitical events. Besides, as shown by the findings, political participation is influenced by peopl’s relationship and their trust among family members, friends, and relatives, resulting in an active or inactive participantion.

Trust is one of the important aspects of human relationships and is the contextual basis for partnership and cooperation among community members. Without public trust of individuals towards each other, the society breaks down. Public trust is a basic requirement for success of any society and governments. Trust also leads to cooperative behavior and reduce conflict and reduce the cost of doing the work. The influential operation of organizations in a society is related to the people’s trust towards these organizations. If the trust of citizens have been destroyed, public sector workers face more difficulties in carrying out their duties and the decline of public trust, public participation in political processes will be reduced. Reducing citizen's trust in government and governmental agencies are of the crises in the world today. One of the most challenging issues in front of governmental management is to save and promote public trust in governmental organizations. The present research with the aim of identifying contextual factors on public trust in governmental agencies is done through a descriptive-analytical method. The results showed that factors such as trust in government, economy, media, industrialization, crime, new public management, although are not under the control of the governmental agencies, form the context of public trust in governmental agencies.

Gaining the trust to organizations that are in direct contact with the people and need partnership and cooperation is essential. Due to its presence in all the social aspects and direct communication with different groups in the field of maintaining order and security and serving disciplinary services I.R.I Police need people's participation and trust. Trust is one of the main components of social capital and is closely linked to the respect, confidence, sociability and social coherence. Trust facilitates the public policy making and the establishment and continuation of social harmony. Perceptions and attitudes towards the police and values depend on social norms and beliefs. In communities with different cultures, there are different attitudes towards the police. Therefore, in this article we have tried to investigate the attitudinal factors affecting public confidence in the police in East Tehran province.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type. In terms of its methodology it is a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population of the study included all over-18-year-old residents in Tehran eastern towns. 384 individuals were selected and studied using simple stratified sampling method. Questionnaire was employed for data collection. Findings and

The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between attitudinal factors and public confidence. And generally, confidence in the police was measures as moderate in this area.

Public confidence is one of the social capitals which establishes and maintains unity in the social systems and fosters the democratic values. One of the most influential organizations in the social sphere is the police organization. Police is considered as the apparent manifestation of the state power and a part of official system of social control in every society. Public confidence in the police promotes the people's support of the police and its capacity to fulfill police missions. Various factors play a role in building public confidence in the police; in thispaper behavioral factors affecting public confidence in the police have been addressed. This study is of an applied and descriptive-survey research type. The population of the study includes citizens over 18 years old in Tehran. The sample size is 400 individuals who were selected via cluster sampling method. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using correlational tests.Findings and Research has shown that there is a significant positive relationship between behavioral factors and public confidence in the police. In other words, suitable interaction between citizens and the police, the police honesty in speech and behavior, corrective helping behavior of the police, the police complaints system and police engagement with the basic needs of the people are effective in building confidence in the police.

This survey research primarily aims at evaluating level of security feeling on the part of Tehrani citizens with focus on its major constituents, i.e. physical, financial, social and family security. Secondly, it aims at identifying the factors contributing to it. Thirdly, it is aimed at clarifying the relationship between security feeling and the other two key variables: public trust and social capital. N=3400 were chosen through multistage cluster sampling method from among Tehrani citizens of the 22 municipality zones ranging from 15 to 75.The research variables were measured through using three self-made criteria: security feeling and factors contributing to it, public trust and social capital. The three above-mentioned scales were tested on a group of 100 people before its final implementation, and then its reliability was calculated through using Cronbach's alpha test. Then the collected data was calculated by using various statistical tests such as descriptive method, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, T test, correlation and regression. The certain achievements revealed the following: firstly, the rate of security feeling is at the middle level, and there is significant statistical difference between the average of security feeling on the part of citizens and the four aforesaid constituents. Secondly, there are five factors contributing to security feeling: individual/mental factors, factors associated with the police task (establishing order and discipline), media factors, and factors related to the field of social structure. Thirdly, there is significant correlation between security feeling on the part of citizens and public trust (both horizontal and vertical trust), and social capital. This correlation is in such a way that from which cause and effect relationship can be deducted.

Elite's trust is an important part of the social capital in a social system that can lead to further system goals. Relationship and influence on students by the professors of universities has an important place for them among the elite. Subject of this article is the trust of university professors in Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). Essential questions focused on various aspects of professor's trust in the system. Secondary question based on attitude and subjective aspects of them. Research methods to answer research questions include: secondary analysis of given data and interviews with university professors based on purposive sampling. Data and statements of interviewees indicated that the public trust of professors is declining in comparison with the past. This provides grounds for distrust. Most academics distrust due to bad performance of organizations and managers. Distrust towards the outer surface can gradually lead to a distrust of internal surfaces.

This study tries to find the association between “trust، social networks and Knowledge (as indicators of social capital)” and “Social Welfare” in Tehran. The questions of this study include: “What are the main Factors of social capital and social welfare in Tehran? Which of the eighteen indicators of social capital are effective on social welfare? Statistical population of this study includes people over 16 years in Tehran. 783 people from this city were selected randomly and data was collected by using questionnaire. Among the 18 indicators of social capital in factor analysis، six factors “Social Communication، Solidarity and Social Integration، Informal charity، Religious and Reciprocal Participation، Attention to public affairs، Formal participation، Network of Friends، Colleagues and Kinships، Public، Individual and Institutional Trust، looking to the future and Security are effective in determine of social capital. The results show a significant relationship between social capital indicators and social welfare in Tehran. The major factors of social capital that increases social welfare (both Subjective and Objective) are: Security، Formal participation، Individual and Institutional Trust، Attention to public affairs، Network Kinships.

The present article descriptively reviews four dimensions of societal security in Sabzevar through survey method. These dimensions are physical security feeling, financial security feeling, Social reputation, feeling secure in urban places. Afterwards, the article reviews the relationship between societal security on one hand and some social, economic and demography factors such as societal trust, societal justice, and socioeconomic base, age, gender, place of birth, marital status, and immigration. The results of the survey indicate that the respondents feel fully secure, and rank the other aspects such as social and financial reputation and feeling secure in the urban places after it. In addition, it indicates that there is meaningful relationship between variables of gender, place of birth, education, social justice feeling and societal trust; and societal security. That is to say, men, those born in villages, people with lower education, those who feel more social justice and those who have more social trust, have a higher level of social security feeling. The results of the multivariable regression indicates that two variables – social justice feeling and general trust have entered the model respectively ,and express 17% of the changes of the dependent variable. Hence, it can be deducted that social security is not a hardware phenomenon merely provided by a controller force; however, software variables form the main context in which social security is formed.

The main questions of paper are what are indicators of social development? What is the weight of each of the selected social development indices with weights valuation (entropy), based on 2007 data in Iran? How is rating of social development indicators based on the weight of them in Iran's provinces and what is the relationship between the scores of social capital and social development situation in the provinces? This article is based on theories and indicators of social development and issues raised in Copenhagen, in the field of social development, and other theories in relation to social capital and development. Methods of paper is based on secondary analysis of information and provincial data for 30 provinces with using deciding multiple indicators method in provincial ranking and statistics related to the correlation in the relationship between variables. The findings indicate that thirteen indicators are useful for understanding social development status and based on this index, the Yazd province has maximum and kohgiloyeh province has minimum level of social development. Finally, the ranking obtained from the provinces, the correlation of the social capital of provinces with social development, has been measured. The results show, between social development and some elements of social capital include: individual trust and generalized trust, exists a significant inverse relationship. Similarly, between social development and the other elements of social capital include: network relationships within the group, formal participation, informal participation and institutional trust, there is no significant relationship.