جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بوم شناسی فرهنگی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Today, tourism seeks to gain experience and return to the knowledge of the beliefs and traditions of local communities. Localization is one of the discourses that has been considered in the field of new development paradigms.Localization in the sense of self-belief, preservation and revival of indigenous methods and validation of one's own culture based on its real knowledge in the first place and conscious selection of economic, social and cultural methods and techniques of new scientific knowledge in the second place. Experience has shown that many indigenous techniques and methods, due to their compatibility with the ecosystem, are the same methods that represent the methods of achieving sustainable development today. In the field of tourism, this is reflected in components and categories such as indigenous knowledge, ecotourism, ecotourism resorts, event tourism, and rural and nomadic tourism. Considering the purpose and central issue of the research, ie the effect of localization approach in the process of sustainable tourism, it is concluded that by creating localization in the field of tourism, the scope of research, rehabilitation and efficiency of the indigenous community has increased. It has a direct connection.In the methodological dimension, the qualitative research method and the approach appropriate to anthropological work, ie ethnography, were used as the operational method of research, and the thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data.

Environmental anthropology is one of the sub-fields of cultural anthropology whose ultimate goal is studying types of relationships between humans and their surrounding environment. By utilizing the resources in this field, we seek to identify common issues, approaches and attitudes, and finally its applied efforts. Accordingly, the structure of this article in the body section is divided into three parts. In the first part, by reviewing the latest English articles from 2018, in the field of environmental anthropology, the most important issues considered by environmental anthropologists have been studied. The important topics refer to the cultural experience of environmental challenges and the processes of adaptation to these challenges. The second part studies the specific approach of anthropologists defining their relation to the environmental challenges. To participate in environmental challenges, anthropologists define various roles for themselves, including interpreters, translators, mediators, facilitators, and actors. In the third part, while reviewing the most important sources dealing with applied environmental anthropology, we examine different types of applications and participations in environmental anthropology. Finally, a model of anthropological participation in the study of environmental challenges is presented, which consists of three pivotal components: knowledge, action and scale comprehensiveness.

By understanding human activities in his ecosystem, we can recognize material cultures. It is important to see how thoughts, aspirations and imaginations emerge as cultural materials which are considered as products of crafts and artistic skills. So, nomadic and tribal handwoven products of Iran, especially killims, reflect beliefs, emotions, desires and also ecosystems of people who weave them. There is a wonderful interaction and connection between culture and ecosystem of nomads. The aim of this paper is recognition of nomadic handwoven objects in four main regions of Iran based on technical components (spinning, dyeing, weave techniques) aesthetics (design, coloring), materials, the cultural and social structures, and human resource of production (weaver artists). The case studies of the research are the killims of Bakhtiari, Qashqaei, Shahsavan and Kormanj tribes. The reason of choosing these killims is their significance in nomadic handwoven objects (due to their diversity, motifs and laborious nature) and also their common motifs. The paper is written based on a fundamental research which was conducted by a descriptive-analytical methodology; data collection was done both in field and by reviewing documents.

Cultural ecology is a knowledge that investigates and analyzes the cultural aspects of human relevancy with their surrounding nature. History indicates that humans continually use their surrounding environment and resources in order to survive, developing and forming his culture and civilization and, through this means, he was able to achieve knowledge and experience that can say courageously that these achievements are a part of the national capital of any tribe. Therefore, Indigenous Ecological knowledge (IEK) in rangeland management and pastoralism is one of the dimensions that is discussed in cultural ecology. Thereby, this research investigated the cultural ecology analysis and indigenous knowledge role in different dimensions of rangeland management and pastoralism in Ghasr-E-Yaghoub region in the north of Fars Province. This research conducted as survey method that used direct observation for producing data, cooperative observation and organized interview methods. This research investigated the different aspects of stakeholders’ culture and indigenous knowledge in rangeland management mechanism among them and states that stakeholders for confronting to hardships of social and economic, continental and also occasionally available resources deficiency, are forced to create a social structure for rangeland utilizing. In this structure the members have different or similar roles that based on partnership and cooperation with each other, manage the livestock for a specified time in rangeland. The total sum of these relations and interactions lead to forming a rich and traditional culture from pastoralism indigenous knowledge that in addition to facilitating of routine activities and correlated to pastoralism is also underlying of village social structures maintain.

Anthropology is a discipline that its aim is to understand human and its place in the natural order of things. On the one hand, Anthropology examines affairs that are simple and normal and on the other hand, it examines ambiguous Affairs. According to this, current article is in nutritional anthropology by an ethnographic approach and inspired by the vision of cultural ecology and it examines patterns and ways of nutritional consumption of Koma and cultural belief relate to it in a region in south of Sabzevar. Results of this examination indicate that there is a considerable importance for this pasturage plant in context of animal husbandry communities of the studied region. Due to the importance and function of the plant in the life cycle of region, a certain cultural formations and image of this plant is formed in the studied society. The cultural image has been tried to protect this plant with unholy construction mechanism. In fact, because of the importance of the Koma in the environmental and economic level of the animal husbandry context of the region, from cultural level, a kind of cultural interaction and a kind of preservation culture is created. This kind of protection culture would affect the thought and action of regional actors in the field and their relation with the plant.

The paper is concerning preliminary survey of Qaradaq region of Eastern Azerbaijan in view of ecological, archaeological and ethnographic perspectives. The region under study is poor in fertile soil, underpopulated settlements and nomadic Ubas being its dominant landscape. Indeed, archaeological investigations show the lack of considerable archaeological records up to the Iron age. The main subject matter of the paper is to investigate primary reasons behind permanence of nomadic subsistence in the region up to now as well as its historical and ecological continuation. It has been shown that there is a permanence of cultural traditions for more than three thousand years on the basis of environmental and ecological factors along with the dominance of vertical pastoralism. The main hypothesis was that the endurance in ecological and environmental conditions as well as its particular limitations is the reason behind the permanence of long-term cultural traditions. Ethno-archaeology has been chosen to undertake such a research. archaeological and ethnographical investigations of Qaradaq has been shown once more the principal role of ecosystem in permanence or impermanence of different modes of human life and subsistence. It is clear that ecosystems such as Central Qaradaq in no way allow the formation of settlement systems and moving toward social and cultural complications to occur.

Mill is one of the aspects and symbols of Iranian civilization, and it is a representation of native knowledge of Iranians for consistent with arid climate. This study investigated milling culture at a village in south of Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi, Iran; by an anthropological and cultural anthropology theatrical approach, this study analyzed the relationship between nature and culture through the study of this phenomenon. The results indicated that the mill's technology and structure was an adaptive response to natural and climatic characteristics of the region under the study and the mills lead to specific culture in that region, therefore economic, social and cultural issues of the mills were investigated in this study. According to the data and evidence of present research, it was possible to state that milling in the area that was studied was an essential and efficient career, in the other hand this career in the final analysis was not seen as an ideal career and was not in a good position. According to the results, this position in the culture of the region was due to the tenses in rural communities at desert margins.